Prediction of the field strength fading forms by means of weather situations

Summary In this study the different forms of the electromagnetic field strength recordings at the Thera-Crete microwave line of link are examined, in comparison with the corresponding weather situations prevailing over that area. According to the amplitude of fluctuations, the different forms of recordings have been classified in three basic typesA, B, C and the annual frequency of the appearance of these types has been observed. Finally, the influence of weather situations on radio wave propagation was examined and it has been found that in most cases a close relationship exists between weather situations and the different fading forms of the electromagnetic field so that a prediction of the fading form be possible by means of the weather forecast.This study was sponsored by a research grant from NATO's Scientific Committee.     

On the frequency equation for love waves due to abrupt thickening of the crustal layer

Summary The effect of thickening of the crustal layer in mountainous region on the dispersion curve of Love waves has been studied. Perturbation method has been applied to obtain the modified frequency equation for Love waves through the surface of separation between a semi-infinite material and a layer the thickness of which abruptly increases throughout a certain length of the path. The effect is to decrease the phase velocity of the waves particularly in the low period range. It has been pointed out that by proper study, the amount of thickening may be obtained.     

Die Windverhältnisse im Davoser Hochtal

Zusammenfassung Die Davoser Windverh?ltnisse werden in ihrem tages- und jahreszeitlichen Ablauf sowie in ihrer Abh?ngigkeit von verschiedenen typischen Wetterlagen untersucht. Neben den ungest?rten Sch?nwetterlagen mit ihrem ausgepr?gten Talwind, der wie der Malojawind talabw?rts weht, werden die F?hnstr?mung aus Südwest und die Nordoststr?mung bei Staulagen und Bise kurz besprochen. Gegenüber dem benachbarten Dischmatal zeigt sich ein sp?terer Beginn des Talwindes bei Sch?nwetterlagen, w?hrend im Vergleich zu anderen T?lern, z. B. zum Wallis, ein früheres und schw?cheres nachmitt?gliches Windmaximum auftritt.

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Summary The wind at Davos is analysed in his diurnal and annual variation and in the depence on the different weather types. The fair and undisturbed weather shows a typical valley breeze during the day, but not in the normal direction towards the higher part of the valley, but downstream, similar to the Malojawind in the Engadine. The opposite wind direction, from southwest, characterises the foehn-situation. Northeasterly winds develop in the case of higher pressure north of the Alps (e. g. in situations of barrage). The valley-breeze begins later than in the adjacent Dischma Valley, but it is weaker and reaches the highest intensity earlier than in other valleys, as e. g. in the Valais.

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Résumé Les vents de Davos sont analysés selon leurs variations diurnes et annuelles et selon des types de temps caractéristiques. La situation de beau temps montre un vent de vallée assez accentué, soufflant du haut en bas, donc dans une direction anormale, mais analogue au vent de la Maloja en Engadine. En cas de ?foehn? le vent souffle du sud-ouest tandis qu'un vent du nord-est se manifeste par situations de surpression au nord des Alpes. Le vent de vallée se met à souffler plus tard à Davos que dans la vallée de Dischma toute proche. Il y atteint par contre sa vitesse maximale plus t?t que les vents correspondants d'autres vallées p. ex. du Valais. Le maximum y est cependant moins élevé.

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Mit 6 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Dr.W. M?rikofer zu seinem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Buchbesprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Thermodynamische Antizyklogenese

Zusammenfassung Man beobachtet Antizyklonen, die als Folge einer Konzentration von Kaltluftmasssen auf ein kleineres Gebiet gedeutet werden können. Die Konzentration der Kaltluft ist durch die Umwandlung der kinetischen Energie der Kaltluft in potentielle Energie oder durch die Wärmezufuhr der kalten Luft bedingt. Solche Antizyklonen bilden sich oft in Berggebieten, da dort wegen der grossen äusseren Reibung die erwähnte Umwandlung der Energie beschleunigt wird. Wie gross solche antizyklogenetischen Effekte sein können, ist berechnet.

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Summary The origin of some anticyclones can be explained as a consequence of the concentration of the cold air on a smaler area. The concentration of the cold air is caused by a transformation of the kinetic energy of the cold air into the potential energy or by the heating of the cold air. Such anticyclones often appear in mountain regions where the transformation of the mentioned energy is more intense. The intensity of such anticyclogenetical effects is evaluated.

     

Measurements of radio noise at 0.700 mc and 2.200 mc from a high-altitude rocket probe

Radio noise observations at frequencies of 0·700 Mc and 2·200 Mc were made at altitudes between 3000 and 11,000 km from a Blue Scout Jr. high-altitude rocket probe on 30 July 1963. A steady background flux of (7·5₋₃⁺⁶) × 10⁻¹⁹ W m⁻²)(c/s)⁻¹ at 0·700 Mc and (1·8^+1.0_−0.5 × 10⁻¹⁹ W m⁻² (c/s)⁻¹ at 2·200 Mc was observed. Assuming a galactic origin of the observed fluxes at both frequencies, the averaged sky brightnesses are b(0·700 Mc) = (6₋₃⁺⁵) × 10⁻²⁰ W m⁻² (c/s)⁻¹ sr⁻¹b(2·200 Mc) = (1.4^+1.0_−0.5 × 10⁻²⁰ W m⁻² (c/s)⁻¹ sr⁻¹ The observed brightness at 2·200 Mc is in reasonable agreement with the results of other observers. The apparent brightness at 0·700 Mc is, however, greater than was expected from previous observations. An alternative source of the 0·700 Mc flux in the terrestrial exosphere, as well as characteristics of several noise bursts observed during the flight, is briefly discussed.     

Disturbances in an infinite slab due to torsional forces applied on a cylindrical cavity

Summary The paper deals with the disturbances in an infinite slab of finite thickness, the medium being homogeneous, isotropic and perfectly elastic.     

La formation des Nuages Altocumulus Translucidus

Résumé Dans cette étude l'explication de la formation des nuages Ac tra part de la supposition que l'air dans ce type de nuages est plus froid que l'air environnant, ce qui provoque certains courants convectifs dans la région du nuage. Ces courants ressemblent à ceux qui sont supposés par la théorie thermoconvective actuelle. D'après notre avis se trouvent des courants descendants audessous des petits nuages qui composent l'Ac tra, et les petits nuages qui forment l'Ac tra sont des corps séparés dont la température est moindre que la température de l'air environnant: c'est pour cela qu'ils tombent. Au contraire, d'après la théorie thermoconvective actuelle, l'air audessous de petits nuages monte et dans la distribution de la température des discontinuités n'existent pas.

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Summary In this paper the explanation of the formation of clouds Ac tra is based on the assumption that the air in the cloud is colder than the surrounding air, causing convective currents in the region of the cloud. These currents are not unlike those assumed by the existing thermoconvective theory. According to the author's view there are descending currents under the cloudlets of which the Ac tra is made, and these cloudlets are separate bodies at a lower temperature than that of the surrounding air, so that the cloudlets fall. On the contrary, according to the existing thermoconvective theory, the air under the cloudlets rises and there are no discontinuities in the distribution of the temperature.

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Rapport présenté le 26 Avril 1962 à la Xème Assemblée Générale de laSocietà Italiana di Geofisica e Meteorologia (26–28 Avril 1962)     

Correlation of atmospheric occurences over the United States with some physical and chemical parameters. Part III: Frequencies of precipitation

Summary Correlation between some physical and chemical variables, measured at 28 stations of the United States Weather Bureau Network, and seasonal and annual frequencies of precipitation, has been attempted with the aim of gaining insight into the bearing of such variables, on occurrence of precipitation. — Concurrent trends of frequencies with local temperature functions, altitude parameters, precipitable water vapour increments, and some chemical species have been found.Contribution of the «Centro Nucleazione Aerosoli» of the National Research Council of Italy, Via Vettore 4 (Monte Sacro),Roma.