云南高原山地农户旱灾风险感知研究——以元谋县为例

云南省长期遭受旱灾打击,对农业生产和农户收益造成较大影响。农户准确地感知旱灾风险将会在防灾减灾中发挥重要作用。为了揭示旱灾风险感知作用机理,借鉴认知心理学理论分析感知过程,对其构成要素和影响因素进行区分;基于霍华德和希斯理论构建旱灾风险感知模型;运用BP神经网络模型识别感知力。结果表明:(1)旱灾风险感知过程是大脑不断感觉—感应—学习从而获得感知力的顿悟认知过程。(2)感知力由地方灾情感受力、模仿力、预判力和行为反馈力构成,受到灾情环境、经济收入和农作物种植结构等因素影响。(3)农户旱灾风险感知力处于较弱水平。     

Sequence Stratigraphic Delineation and Correlation of the Dongying Formation in the Nearshore and Adjacent Sea Areas, Bohai Bay Basin

Based on the analysis of well logs, seismic data, core studies, the Dongying (东营) into three third-order sequences from base to top: namely, sequences SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3. The three sequences have different wireline (SP) log responses, showing triple-section characteristics with SQ1 being characterized by primarily flat baseline with intercalation of relatively low spontaneous potential, SQ2 generally exhibiting weak or moderate amplitude spontaneous potential with finger-shaped peaks, and SQ3 having relatively high spontaneous potential with funnel-shaped log curves. On the basis of the triple-section characteristics, the stratigraphic sequences can be correlated consistently throughout the entire study area. A stratigraphic and sedimentary model for sequences SQ1 to SQ3 of the Dongying Formation in the study area has been proposed. The accommodation space change in the two sides of the asymmetrical basin was examined and the asymmetrical basin has the feature of the asymmetrical accommodation space change. The asymmetrical physiography is a vital factor to influence the accommodation changes in additional to the lake level change, tectonism and sediment supply. This may have important implications to similar basins in other parts of China or elsewhere.     

考虑增量时程贡献趋向和误差排序的多阻尼目标反应谱拟合

在目前的多阻尼反应谱拟合的时程调整法中,由于各阻尼、各控制周期点之间的交叉影响,拟合误差容易出现"此消彼长"的现象,进而降低拟合精度和收敛速度。基于现有单阻尼反应谱拟合的时域调整方法,探讨了增量加速度时程引起的最大地震动反应的正负向及阻尼-周期调整顺序对拟合精度和收敛速度的影响,并提出了考虑增量加速度时程的最大反应贡献趋向和按误差排序的改进思路。将改进后的时域调整法应用于核电厂多阻尼目标反应谱拟合上,选取不同时-频特征的天然地震动时程作为"种子"进行拟合,探讨"种子"时程的选取对拟合结果的影响,并提出针对不同工程结构进行目标反应谱拟合时,应根据结构物的动力特性选取初始的"种子"时程。     

The analysis of oil trapped during secondary migration

During secondary migration, there is an opportunity for oil to be trapped as fluid inclusions (FIs) within framework grains such as quartz and within diagenetic cements that have a crystalline structure. Oil saturation on migration pathways remains relatively low, so typically fewer oil inclusions get trapped compared with samples from an oil column. Geochemical analysis of the much smaller amounts of inclusion oil present in samples from interpreted oil migration pathways has been attempted for two samples from the Champagny-1 and Delamere-1 wells in the Vulcan Sub-Basin, northern offshore Australia. A combination of petrographic analysis, bulk geochemical inclusion analysis and log evaluation confirmed that both samples were from oil migration pathways. Despite the small number of oil inclusions, reliable geochemical data were acquired from both samples that were significantly above the levels detected for the system and outside-rinse blanks. The FI oil trapped on the interpreted oil migration pathway in Champagny-1 was generated from clay-rich marine source rock with little terrigenous organic matter input. It was generated at peak oil window maturity and correlates best with oils derived from the Late Jurassic Lower Vulcan Formation. In contrast, the Delamere-1 FI oil contains evidence of greater input of terrigenous organic matter and was generated at early oil window maturity. This FI oil also contains a signature of a biodegraded component, which could have been generated either from the Middle Jurassic Plover Formation, or from an older source rock. These data indicate that it is feasible to geochemically map migration pathways across prospects or basins, and to analyse palaeo-oil compositions in oil zones where the few inclusions get trapped. This also suggests that the few oil inclusions that sometimes occur in Proterozoic or Archaean rocks may be analysable in the future, which would provide relatively pristine and robust data on the composition and diversity of Earth’s early biosphere.     

北京城市绿地景观变化及其生态系统服务评价（英文）

城市绿地系统作为城市生态系统的一个非常重要的组成部分,在维护城市生态系统稳定、提供生态系统服务以及提高城市环境质量等方面起着积极的作用。本研究以北京市城市区域为例,基于城市绿地空间分布数据和遥感数据,分析了2000-2020年城市绿地景观格局的变化,以及城市绿地生态系统服务及其空间分布的变化,并研究了它们之间的相互作用关系。结果表明：(1)2000-2020年北京城市绿地建设成效较为显著,绿地面积增加了77.41%,主要由耕地和建设用地转变而来。(2)2000-2020年北京城市绿地滞尘量、吸收SO₂量、吸收NO₂量、降温增湿量、固碳释氧量和暴雨缓排量总体上均呈持续增加的趋势。(3)城市绿地景观变化与绿地生态系统服务之间关系密切,斑块总面积与生态系统服务的相关性最高,除暴雨缓排外,斑块总面积与各项生态系统服务之间的相关系数均高于0.85。研究结果可以为优化北京绿地、更大程度发挥绿地对生态环境的改善作用提供理论指导,为北京市的生态环境建设提供科学依据。     

Successive formation of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution in deeply buried feldspar-rich clastic reservoirs in typical petroliferous basins and its petroleum geological significance

Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoirs. Based on a study of the diagenesis of clastic reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin, Tarim Basin, and Pearl River Mouth Basin and physical and numerical simulation experiments of fluid-rock interactions, this paper proposed a successive formation model of secondary pores via feldspa...     

Fluid Inclusion Re-equilibration in Carbonate Rock Caused by Freezing during Microthermometric Analysis

Fluid inclusions are minute sealed fluid droplets in minerals,often less than 10 μm in diameter.They are commonly trapped in diagenetic cements or coalesced fractures in minerals,such as quartz,feldspar and calcite(Roedder,1984).Following the basic norm for fluid inclusion analysis,the“Roedder's Rules”(Roedder,1984),fluid inclusions have been widely used in reconstructing paleofluid evolution history within a reservoir in petroliferous basin(Bourdet et al.,2012).     

深圳市近20年城市景观格局演变及其驱动因素

基于深圳市1996—2015年土地利用数据,利用景观指数、景观转移矩阵和景观扩张指数等方法探究了深圳市近20年景观格局时空变化、主要景观类型转移和建筑用地扩张模式,最后使用Binary Logit模型考察了市级和区级建筑用地景观扩张的主要驱动因素。结果表明：① 1996—2015年,深圳市建筑用地景观优势性逐步增强,面积增加15.81%,以蔓延式（61.9%）和填充式（36.27%）扩张为主;② 1996—2006年为城市化快速扩张期,建筑用地扩张呈集中开发形态,景观多样性和均匀性增加,城市扩张中心略微向北部和东部移动,2006—2015为城市化低速过渡期,景观破碎化加剧,城市扩张重心向北部和西部偏移;③ 在市级尺度上,GDP密度和人口密度对建筑用地景观扩张有显著正影响,生态控制线、高程、坡度和至道路的距离有着显著负影响。每单位生态控制线范围、坡度的增加分别将使建筑用地景观扩张的机会比率将平均减少到原来0.8168倍、0.8841倍。各驱动因素表现出区域和尺度差异性,GDP对宝安区、南山区和坪山区,人口增长对宝安区、龙华区,以及交通可达性对大鹏新区、龙岗区驱动分别最为突出。研究结果可以为中国城市快速扩张过程中的景观格局变化提供科学实践。