Intelligence-Aided Seismic Zonation System IASHES

In this paper,the structure of the intelligence-aided seismic zonation system IASHES and its validation are briefly introduced.Emphasis is placed on the two rank scheme of potential seismic source areas; an expert subsystem for estimating the seismicity trends of rank A source areas; an expert subsystem for delineation of rank B source areas; an expert subsystem for judgment of upper limit of magnitude of rank B source areas,and an improved procedure for determination of weighting factors of rank B source areas,which is specially suitable to ES(Expert systems).     

Groundwater net discharge rates estimated from lake level change in Badain Jaran Desert,Northwest China

Science China Earth Sciences - Over a hundred sizable lakes, some even larger than ~1 km2, are distributed across the lowlands between megadunes in the southeastern Badain Jaran Desert (BJD),...     

江苏句容石砀山矿区-300 m以上铜多金属矿体探采对比

选取江苏句容石砀山铜矿标高-300 m以上Cu①号主矿体,基于普查、详查、生产勘探及开采各阶段的地质资料,将地质勘查资料与生产勘探及开采后确定的构造、矿体特征、开采技术条件、矿体资源储量等参数进行对比研究,探讨勘查期间勘查类型划分、方法手段、工程间距选择的合理性,分析探采不同阶段的矿体形态、规模、控制程度及资源储量估算的误差率,为今后该矿床深部及类似矿床的勘查及开采提供借鉴。     

杭州湾北岸张家厍潮滩动态系统的频谱分析

应用ＡＲ谱和多维最大熵谱方法分析了杭州湾北岸张家厍潮滩的波浪，潮流及潮滩面高程数据。结果表明，潮滩的变动和潮流，波浪变化的关系十分密切，潮滩面高程具有３０，１５，２－５ｄ的周期变化；冬春季节潮滩变化以潮流作用造成的低频变化为主，夏秋季节则由低频向高频转移，波浪引起的潮滩高频变化也很显著；低潮滩到中潮滩下部的冲淤变化与潮流作用关系密切，中潮滩上部，高潮滩的冲淤变化对常浪性质的波浪作用具有明显的响应。     

A study on the numerical prediction method for the vertical thermal structure in the Bohai Sea and the Huanghai Sea-Ⅰ. One-dimensional numerical prediction model

In this paper,on the basis of the heat conduction equation without consideration of the advection and turbulence effects,one-dimensional model for describing surface sea temperature (T_s),bottom sea temperature (T_h) and the thickness of the upper homogeneous layer (h) is developed in terms of the dimensionless temperature θ_T and depth η and self-simulation function θ_T-f(η) of vertical temperature profile by means of historical temperature data.The results of trial prediction with our one-dimensional model on T_s,T_h,h,the thickness and gradient of thermocline are satisfactory to some extent.     

The laser ablation ion funnel: Sampling for in situ mass spectrometry on Mars

A considerable investment has been made by NASA and other space agencies to develop instrumentation suitable for in situ analytical investigation of extra terrestrial bodies including various mass spectrometers (time-of-flight, quadrupole ion trap, quadrupole mass filters, etc.). However, the front-end sample handling that is needed to collect and prepare samples for interrogation by such instrumentation remains underdeveloped. Here we describe a novel approach tailored to the exploration of Mars where ions are created in the ambient atmosphere via laser ablation and then efficiently transported into a mass spectrometer for in situ analysis using an electrodynamic ion funnel. This concept would enable elemental and isotopic analysis of geological samples with the analysis of desorbed organic material a possibility as well. Such an instrument would be suitable for inclusion on all potential missions currently being considered such as the Mid-Range Rover, the Astrobiology Field Laboratory, and Mars Sample Return (i.e., as a sample pre-selection triage instrument), among others.     

Sediment and Nutrient Deposition Associated with Hurricane Wilma in Mangroves of the Florida Coastal Everglades

The distribution of mangrove biomass and forest structure along Shark River estuary in the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) has been correlated with elevated total phosphorus concentration in soils thought to be associated with storm events. The passage of Hurricane Wilma across Shark River estuary in 2005 allowed us to quantify sediment deposition and nutrient inputs in FCE mangrove forests associated with this storm event and to evaluate whether these pulsing events are sufficient to regulate nutrient biogeochemistry in mangrove forests of south Florida. We sampled the spatial pattern of sediment deposits and their chemical properties in mangrove forests along FCE sites in December 2005 and October 2006. The thickness (0.5 to 4.5 cm) of hurricane sediment deposits decreased with distance inland at each site. Bulk density, organic matter content, total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and inorganic and organic P pools of hurricane sediment deposits differed from surface (0–10 cm) mangrove soils at each site. Vertical accretion resulting from this hurricane event was eight to 17 times greater than the annual accretion rate (0.30 ± 0.03 cm year⁻¹) averaged over the last 50 years. Total P inputs from storm-derived sediments were equivalent to twice the average surface soil nutrient P density (0.19 mg cm⁻³). In contrast, total N inputs contributed 0.8 times the average soil nutrient N density (2.8 mg cm⁻³). Allochthonous mineral inputs from Hurricane Wilma represent a significant source of sediment to soil vertical accretion rates and nutrient resources in mangroves of southwestern Everglades. The gradient in total P deposition to mangrove soils from west to east direction across the FCE associated with this storm event is particularly significant to forest development due to the P-limited condition of this carbonate ecosystem. This source of P may be an important adaptation of mangrove forests in the Caribbean region to projected impacts of sea-level rise.     

巴丹吉林沙漠典型沉积物年代学研究评述

巴丹吉林沙漠内几种典型近地表沉积物,如风成沙、湖相沉积、冲洪积物等构成了巴丹吉林沙漠复杂多变的地貌景观.这些典型沉积物的年龄是探讨巴丹吉林沙漠地貌过程及其机理的最直接证据和基础数据.前人发表的这几种典型沉积物年龄,主要涉及380余个14C年龄和释光年龄,这些数据涵盖了170 ka至今的大部分时段.其中12 ka以来年龄...     

江苏句容石砀山矿区-300m以上铜多金属矿体探采对比

选取江苏句容石砀山铜矿标高-300 m以上Cu①号主矿体,基于普查、详查、生产勘探及开采各阶段的地质资料,将地质勘查资料与生产勘探及开采后确定的构造、矿体特征、开采技术条件、矿体资源储量等参数进行对比研究,探讨勘查期间勘查类型划分、方法手段、工程间距选择的合理性,分析探采不同阶段的矿体形态、规模、控制程度及资源储量估算的误差率,为今后该矿床深部及类似矿床的勘查及开采提供借鉴.     

Analysis of non-linear inundation from sea-level rise using LIDAR data: a case study for South Florida

By analyzing a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data and airborne height finder measurements, this study demonstrates that a 1.5 m sea-level rise by 2100 would cause inundation of large areas of Miami-Dade County, southern Broward County, and Everglades National Park. Inundation processes are non-linear: inundation is gradual before reaching a threshold, and speeds up rapidly afterwards due to the regional topography. Accelerated sea-level rise will cause the threshold to be reached sooner by amplifying the non-linear inundation, and must be considered in policy-making. Comparison of inundated areas extracted from 30 m LIDAR and USGS DEMs indicates that the vertical accuracy of a DEM has a great effect on delineation of inundation areas. For a 1.5 m sea-level rise, the inundated area delineated by USGS DEM for Broward County is 1.65 times greater than that indicated by the LIDAR DEM.