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131.
Earth-based observations of Mars atmospheric water vapor, made from McDonald Observatory, are presented for the 1975–1976, 1977–1978, and 1983 apparitions. Comparisons are made with near-simultaneous spacecraft measurements made from the Viking Orbiter MarsAtmospheric Water Detection experiment during 1976–1978 and with previous Earth-based measurements (made since 1964). Differences occur between the behavior in the different years, and may be related to the Mars climate. Measurements during the southern summer in 1969 indicate a factor of three times as much water as is present at this same season in other years.This difference may have resulted from the sublimation of water from the south polar residual cap upon removal of most or all of the CO2 ice present; sublimation of all the CO2 ice during some years could be a result of a greater thermal load being placed on the cap due to the presence of differing amounts of atmospheric dust. If substantiated, the water vapor variability will turn out to be a very sensitive indicator of yearly variability in the Martian climate. 相似文献
132.
Fifteen recent sediment samples from the offshore Orinoco Delta, Venezuela, were separated by sieving and pipette analysis into seven size fractions ranging from 4ø to 10ø, in 1 ø units. Total organic carbon was determined for each size fraction and the organic matter characterized by pyrolysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography. The sediments average 0.98% organic matter with somewhat higher values nearshore. Nearshore sediments also had higher organic contents in the coarsest fractions and a decrease in organic matter from coarse to fine sediment fractions. Sediments from further offshore generally show the highest organic contents in the finer fractions. Pyrolysis showed a low bitumen content and confirmed that the kerogen was dominantly terrestrial and gas prone. The observed trends were attributed to sorting of organic matter by its physical characteristics, with the denser, coarse-grained material settling out nearshore and the Finer-grained material being carried further from shore and settling out with finer-grained sediments. 相似文献
133.
Hori Yukari Gough William A. Butler Ken Tsuji Leonard J.S. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,129(3-4):1309-1320
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - In northern Canada, winter roads are essential for communities. The duration of the winter road season depends on particular meteorological conditions. In this... 相似文献
134.
Yaping Zhou Ken C. Rutledge Analytical Service & Material Inc Hampton VA USA Thomas P. Charlock Atmospheric Sciences Division NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA USA Norman G. Loeb Seiji Kato Hampton University Hampton VA USA 《大气科学进展》2001,(5)
l. IntroductionThe cIassicaI definition of bi--directional reflectance--distribution function (BRDF) is aderivative, distribution function, relatlng the irradiance incident from one given direction tolts contribution to the radiance renected in another direct1on (N1codemus et al., l977).f r (0,, rp,; 0,, rp, )= dL, (0,, P,; 0,, 9,; E, )/ dE, (0,, 9,) [sr-- 1 ], (l)where 0 (zenith angle) and 9 (azimuth angle) together indicate a direction, the subscr1pt i indi-cates quantities associated wi… 相似文献
135.
This work develops the theory of measuring fracture frequency with curved scanlines, as a direct development of work done
by others on straight scanlines. Various possible shapes for curved scanlines range between triangular and rectangular, with
circular as a reasonable preliminary selection. The discrepancy among different selections decreases with increasing roughness
amplitude of the scanline. Analytic solutions for average fracture frequency are given for circular scanlines through single
and multiple fracture sets. Results for single fracture sets are plotted. The analytic solution for the general situation
of any shape scanline through multiple fracture sets is given. Analytic solutions are given and plotted for circular scanlines
through a fracture fabric ellipsoid. A circular scanline spanning 180 degrees yields a global fracture frequency of statistical
significance.
This work was carried out under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DEAC03-76SF00098 for the Director, Office of Civilian
Radioactive Waste Management, Office of External Relations, and was administered by the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department
of Energy. This work also was supported partially by the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation of Japan. 相似文献
136.
Suzanne Lesage Richard E. Jackson Mark Priddle Paul Beck Ken G. Raven 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1991,11(1):151-159
The objective of this study was to assess the possible impact of deep well disposal operations, conducted between 1958 and 1974, on the ground water quality in a shallow fresh water aquifer beneath Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. Because of the breakout of formation fluids in Sarnia and Port Huron, Michigan, in the early 1970s, it had been hypothesized that liquid waste from the disposal zone in bedrock had leaked through numerous abandoned oil, gas, and salt wells in the area up to the shallow fresh water aquifer and from there to the surface.
A monitoring well network of 29 5cm (2 inch) diameter piezometers was established in the thin sand and shale aquifer system, which exists between 30 and 70m (100 and 230 feet) below ground surface. In addition, a 300m (1000 foot) deep borehole was drilled and instrumented with a Westbay multilevel casing, which permitted sampling of the disposal zone.
Ground water samples from the shallow monitoring wells and the Westbay multilevel casing were analyzed for volatiles by GC/MS. Those volatile aromatics that were conspicuously present in the deep disposal zone, e.g., ethyl toluenes and trimethyl benzene, were not detected in the shallow monitoring wells. Thus, if contaminants from the disposal zone did indeed migrate to the shallow aquifer, contamination was not widespread and probably consisted mostly of displaced chloride-rich formation waters. 相似文献
A monitoring well network of 29 5cm (2 inch) diameter piezometers was established in the thin sand and shale aquifer system, which exists between 30 and 70m (100 and 230 feet) below ground surface. In addition, a 300m (1000 foot) deep borehole was drilled and instrumented with a Westbay multilevel casing, which permitted sampling of the disposal zone.
Ground water samples from the shallow monitoring wells and the Westbay multilevel casing were analyzed for volatiles by GC/MS. Those volatile aromatics that were conspicuously present in the deep disposal zone, e.g., ethyl toluenes and trimethyl benzene, were not detected in the shallow monitoring wells. Thus, if contaminants from the disposal zone did indeed migrate to the shallow aquifer, contamination was not widespread and probably consisted mostly of displaced chloride-rich formation waters. 相似文献
137.
138.
139.
Eleven high-dispersion spectra of Venus, taken with blue Doppler shifts have enabled us to unmask the 7323.88 Å forbidden line of Ca ii from terrestrial absorption. We obtain an equivalent width of 7.4±0.4 mÅ for this line in integrated sunlight. Our value of W λ is smaller than previous values and much more accurate. The HSRA solar model gives a solar calcium abundance of A Ca = 6.21. 相似文献
140.
Photoelectric spectral scans of the P branch of the 8689 Å CO2 band on Venus were made using the 107-inch coude scanner during seven observing periods in the past 2 years. The relative CO2 line strength was determined for each scan, then normalized to remove the spatial variations leaving only temporal variations.The 4-day periodicity in the relative CO2 line strength noted by Young et al. (1973) is not unique; we do confirm their 4-day periodicity in August 1973. Four other observing periods rule out a 4-day periodicity.A definite North-South asymmetry in the relative CO2 line strength is noted during 1973, in most cases with the same periodicity present in both hemispheres. When the slit positions are referred to the equator of Venus, particularly near inferior conjunction, the large asymmetrics between the slit positions can be explained by a greater CO2 line strength over the polar regions and weaker over the equatorial latitudes. The amplitude of variation of each position on the crescent is much greater near inferior conjunction either because we are sampling a smaller area on the planet or because the upper atmospheric abundance is more sensitive to the mechanism causing the variation in the smaller regions sampled at inferior conjunction.Simultaneous H2O measurementsduring several of the observing runs indicate a lack of correlation in the relative CO2 line strengths and the H2O abundance. 相似文献