强夯能量利用率反演及加固影响范围研究

强夯法具有高效的地基处理能力而被广泛应用,但加固地基的同时会对周围工程结构和环境产生一定的振动危害。以能量转换原理为基础,近似将夯击能分为振动波能和土体塑性功两部分,通过建立的强夯椭球体分区加固模型,导出塑性功计算格式,提出利用监测强夯夯坑深度变化信息来反演强夯能量利用率的反演方法,并导出了相应的反演公式。依据加固压实区和加固影响区椭球体分布假设和夯坑深度变化监测结果,给出了强夯加固范围和影响范围大小的计算思路和方法。以北京园博园回填土地基强夯加固工程为背景,利用现场监测试验信息对强夯能量利用率和加固范围及影响范围进行了反演分析和计算。分析表明,文中方法不仅能够有效地反演出强夯能量利用率和计算出强夯加固范围和影响范围,且可利用分析结果能够方便地估算地基强夯加固时的有效夯击次数,进行加固方案设计等。通过分析结果与现场地基测试结果的比较,验证了文中方法的有效性和实用性。     

Re-evaluation of Morphological Diagnostic Characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hexapleomera</Emphasis> Dudich, 1931 (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), with Description of a New Species

An undescribed species of Tanaidacea was collected from Yokji Harbor in the southern coast of Korea. Hexapleomera yokjidona n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the distinguishing features of a uropod with five articles, a pleopod basal article lacking inner seta, a mandible setal row with two setae, maxilliped coxa with two proximal setae, pereonites 1–3 together longer than wide, and pereopods 2–3 propodus with three ventral setae. To prove that H. yokjidona is a new species, detailed morphological characteristics of both genders are described and a comprehensive comparison among the species of the genus is tabulated. Additionally, diagnostic characteristics previously used to identify the species of Hexapleomera are reassessed and upgraded.     

Coseismic vertical deformation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from repeated levelings and its constraint on listric fault geometry

The devastating M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the YingxiuBeichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly presented coseismic uplift with respect to the reference point at Pingwu county town, and the observed maximum uplift of 4.7 m is located at Beichuan county (Qushan town) which is about 100 m west of the fault scarp. The foot wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly showed subsidence with maximum subsidence of 0.6 m near the rupture. By employing a listric dislocation model, we found that the fault geometry model of exponential dip angle δ= 88°?×1-exp(-9/h) with depth of 18 km and uniform thrust-slip of 5.6 m could fit the observed coseismic vertical deformation very well, which verifies the listric thrust model of the Longmenshan orogenic zone.

     

震源区构造对地震学参数扫描结果的影响分析

以华南、华北以及西部地区中强地震为例,选择了8种物理意义明确、独立性较强的地震学指标,以区域内断裂走向为参考,分别沿断裂走向进行平行、垂直、斜向滑移做空间扫描,以扫描曲线与震源区曲线的相关系数大小定量分析不同滑移方式扫描结果的差异,研究不同构造分区内断裂走向对地震学参数扫描结果的影响及变化规律。结果表明:不仅空间参数的改变对结果有影响,震源区内的断裂走向对地震学参数扫描结果也有一定影响。文中给出了不同震级地震学指标在扫描中影响最小的空间范围的最佳条件参数,同时也对不同断裂走向对参数扫描结果可能产生的影响进行了分析     

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液活动特征*

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组存在丰富的热液流体活动。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,利用多种分析测试方法,对四川盆地东部茅口组碳酸盐岩中的热液活动特征进行了探讨。研究区茅口组热液活动包括2类,一类为硅质热液,表现为薄层硅质岩或硅质团块;另一类为碳酸盐型热液,表现为粗晶方解石和白云石充填在张性构造裂缝中或呈“雪片状”集合体,偶见少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物伴生。硅质岩主量元素之间的关系表明硅质来源具有多样性,是热液硅与壳源硅的混合;黄铁矿、闪锌矿原位S同位素 δ³⁴S 介于-3.91‰~-6.87‰之间,推测可能受到了微生物和基性岩浆岩的双重影响;方解石脉和具鞍状双晶的白云石脉普遍具有CaO高于标准计量、相对富Sr和U、贫REE和Ti、Ce/Ce^*明显负异常、Eu/Eu^*主体正异常、Y正异常等特征,表明碳酸盐脉为热液活动的产物,流体来源也呈现出火山活动相关流体与富钙地下水混合的特点。闪锌矿富集Ge和Cd,Zn/Cd及Zn/Fe值反映了中等成矿温度。硅质岩和碳酸盐流体包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,介于54.7~294.3 ℃之间,与稀土元素和微量元素比值所揭示的特征吻合。研究结果表明,穿层状硅质结核和团块的首次出现往往标志着茅口组热液活动的开始,而张性构造裂缝和碳酸盐型热液活动带来的围岩白云化作用则有效地改善了白云岩储集层的物性。     

风廓线雷达自身对比精度分析

利用GLC-24型风廓线雷达的5波束观测数据,分析了在晴空和降水条件下风廓线雷达探测的准确性,得出结论如下:在晴空条件下大气均匀稳定、垂直速度很小,风廓线雷达测量水平风的准确性高;在均匀性降水条件下,虽然垂直速度很大,但大气在风廓线雷达5波束探测的水平范围内均匀,风廓线雷达测量水平风的准确性也较好;在非均匀性降水条件下,大气在风廓线雷达探测的水平范围内不均匀,不符合风廓线雷达计算水平风的假设条件,需要进一步改进算法,减少计算误差。     

A comparative study of toxicity identification using Daphnia magna and Tigriopus japonicus: implications of establishing effluent discharge limits in Korea

In Korea, the new permission criteria for industrial effluents based on Daphnia magna acute toxicity tests will be gradually implemented starting from 2011. Thus, in this study, toxicity assessment and identification using a marine species (Tigriopus japonicus) and the freshwater species (D. magna) was comparatively investigated. Effluent from an acid mine drainage treatment plant showed acute toxicity toward both organisms due to low pH, which was removed by neutralization of the effluent. Additionally, evaluation of the effluent of an electronics company revealed that Cu was attributable to the observed toxicity, and the effluent was more toxic toward T. japonicus than D. magna. Moreover, effluents from a metal plating factory were acutely toxic toward D. magna (6.50 TU), while they were not toxic against T. japonicus. Toxicity identification revealed that the high level of Cl- (12,841 mg L(-1)) was the cause of toxicity. Thus, the effluents had no effect on the marine species, T. japonicus. These findings suggest that a marine species rather than a freshwater species is more desirable for toxicity assessment of industrial effluent discharged into the saltwater, and thus should be considered in the legislation of toxicity-based discharge limits in Korea.     

库水升降条件下考虑饱和渗透系数空间变异性的白水河滑坡渗流变形分析

堆积层滑坡的岩土体渗透系数具有一定的不确定性,且渗透系数是饱和-非饱和渗流分析的重要参数,开展考虑其空间变异性的库岸堆积层滑坡渗流变形分析具有重要意义。以三峡库区中的白水河滑坡为研究对象,基于地面核磁共振技术获取的岩土体渗透系数,分析滑坡体渗透系数的空间变异特征,采用半变异函数方法求得滑坡体渗透系数的竖直波动范围,在此基础上建立渗透系数的非平稳随机场模型。以非侵入式随机有限元的方式开展库水升降两种工况下不确定模型与确定模型的流固耦合模拟,分析两种模型的渗流场、位移变形特征及其差异。结果表明:相比于确定模型,不确定模型孔压改变的滞后性更为明显,且库水下降工况下整体的变形更大,若忽略滑体渗透系数的非平稳空间变异特征将会低估滑坡的实际变形。     

基于连续分形理论的土壤非饱和水力传导度的研究

土壤的孔隙是具有连续分形性质的物理结构,根据土壤孔隙分形结构建立了非饱和水力传导度模型。模型包括综合系数、分形维数和临界体积比3个参数,综合系数为不同土壤基质势对应的非饱和水力传导度与饱和传导度之间的水力联系,与土壤质地有关;分形维数反映土壤孔隙结构对于非饱和水力传导度的作用,土壤不同尺寸孔隙之间的连通性则通过临界体积加以描述。模型具有较为明确的物理解释。将模型应用于5种不同土壤的结果表明,所提出的非饱和水力传导度模型具有较好的模拟效果。     

季冻区草炭土固结特性研究

季冻区草炭土的工程性质很差,具有高压缩性的同时蠕变特性明显,路基工后沉降量大。目前针对季冻区草炭土固结压缩蠕变特性的研究仍相对匮乏,亟需对其固结压缩及蠕变特性进行深入研究,为季冻区草炭土路基的沉降预测提供参数依据。选取吉林省敦化市江源镇典型季冻区草炭土为研究对象,通过一维固结压缩试验和一维固结蠕变试验,获得草炭土压缩系数、固结系数和次固结系数分布范围及纤维含量对草炭土主、次固结特性的影响规律。试验表明：分级加载下,草炭土纤维含量越大,压缩性越强,两者呈正相关性;固结系数（Cv）范围为1.00×10−3~8.39×10−3 cm2/s,固结系数随固结压力增大而减小,当固结压力超过200 kPa之后基本稳定。次固结系数（Cα）范围为0.022~0.095,次固结系数随固结压力增大而增大,到达峰值后逐渐减小,峰值时所对应的固结压力介于50~100 kPa之间;当固结压力一定时,纤维含量越大固结蠕变越明显,次固结系数越大。吉林敦化草炭土的次固结系数和压缩指数具有一定的相关性,纤维质量占比为21%、34%、48%、59%、73%的草炭土对应的次固结系数与压缩指数比值（Cα/Cc）分别为0.0452,0.0331,0.0303,0.0246,0.0245。