缓倾角层理各向异性岩体隧道稳定性的物理模型试验研究

层状岩体的广泛分布是地下工程无法回避的现实。以渝湘高速公路共和隧道为工程背景,采用自行研制的弹脆性模型相似材料,制作出层状岩体隧道模型。采用大型真三轴岩土工程模型试验机进行加载试验,采用围岩应变监测、洞室内窥摄影、试件破坏形态的研究与分析,从而对缓倾角层理岩体中隧道的二次应力分布特征及破坏机制进行研究。试验中还通过超载系数,提供了一个安全储备的定量评估指标。试验的破坏特征与隧道实际破坏一致,说明了模型试验的正确性,同时也为顺层偏压隧道的加固机制研究及加固设计提供了试验基础。     

当雄Ms6.6地震前后地电场观测数据分析研究

简要介绍地电场观测方法和拉萨地磁台地电场观测基本概况的基础上,对拉萨地磁台 2008年6月1日至12月31日期间的地电场观测数据,特别是当雄6.6级地震前后的地电场数据变化,进行了分析和讨论.认为①该观测结果受观测系统和观测环境等人为因素的影响比较小,观测数据具有较高的可靠性;②该数据变化过程与当雄6.6级地震序列具有较大的关联性;③对该数据的分析研究在探讨地震地电场变化机理等方面具有一定的代表性.     

中国及邻近地区CHAMP卫星磁异常的分布特征

本文利用CHAMP卫星磁测资料建立的新一代高阶地磁场模型POMME-4.2S,计算中国及邻区400 km高度的卫星磁异常及其垂直梯度,给出7个磁场分量的分布图,比较了截断水平对磁异常分布的影响,初步分析了磁异常与岩石圈构造的关系.主要结果表明,在四川盆地、塔里木盆地和松辽盆地等主要磁异常区,ΔZ异常中心的南北两边出现ΔX的异常中心,东西两边出现ΔY的异常中心.在球谐模型为90阶时,磁异常分布的基本形态已经确定,更高的模型阶数对磁异常只有微小调整.在磁异常较强的地区,磁异常及其垂直梯度同步变化.卫星磁异常与地形变化、断裂带分布、莫霍面深度和岩石圈厚度没有直接的对应关系,而与居里等温面深度、磁性层厚度有明显的相关性.居里等温面深、磁性层较厚的地区显示正磁异常,居里等温面浅、磁性层较薄的地区显示负磁异常.     

小波域叠前地震资料衰减参数定性估计方法

叠前地震资料中,高频分量和低频分量随传播距离的衰减特性不同.本文给出了一种在小波域定性估计叠前地震资料衰减参数的方法.该方法利用连续小波变换提取共反射点道集的高、低频分量,以低频分量和高频分量之差定性反映地震波的衰减.通过累加不同偏移距的衰减,提高了估计的稳定性;采用幅度归一化方法,降低了信号幅值对衰减参数估计的影响.将本文提出方法与常用的基于叠后地震资料衰减估计方法用于某油田的地震资料处理,结果表明,本文方法得到的衰减估计结果能够更好地反映油气的空间展布.     

井约束非稳态相位校正方法

在地震勘探资料处理中,子波的零相位化有助于提高地震资料的分辨率、改善叠加剖面的质量.常规的相位校正方法是利用测井合成记录对井旁地震记录进行相位估计,然后对整条剖面进行常相位校正,该方法没有考虑地震子波相位的非稳态性（相位随时间和空间变化）.虽然通过局部相似度方法利用最大方差模准则或包络最大相似度准则可以估计出随时间和空间变化的相位属性,但是由于零相位判别准则本身具有一定的局限性,因此精度有限.针对这一问题,本文在局部地震属性和局部平面波模型下,提出了一种井约束的非稳态相位校正方法,该方法不仅考虑了子波相位的非稳态性,而且充分利用了测井合成地震记录进行相位校正精度高的优点.理论模型和实际资料处理表明,本文方法可以有效实现信号的零相位化,有利于改善叠加效果,提高资料的分辨率.     

Trace elements in tissues of cetacean species rarely stranded along the Israeli Mediterranean coast

In this paper we present the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Se, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe in organs of 6 non-common specimens of cetaceans that were stranded along the Israeli Mediterranean coast (IMC), during 2002–2010: two fin whales, one minke whale, one Cuvier’s beaked whale, one rough-toothed dolphin, and one Risso’s dolphin. Most of the specimens were calves stranded by accident. Concentrations of Hg and Cd were low in tissues of the baleen whales and higher in the toothed whales, with maximum concentrations of 1067 mg kg⁻¹ Hg in the liver of the Risso’s dolphin and 29 mg kg⁻¹ Cd in the kidney of the Cuvier’s beaked whale. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of trace elements in baleen whales in the Eastern Mediterranean, and the first report of trace elements in minke whale and rough-toothed dolphin in the Mediterranean.     

Dynamic properties analysis of a stay cable-damper system in consideration of design and construction factors

A numerical solution based on the Steffensen stable point iterative method is proposed to resolve the transcendental frequency equation of a stay cable-damper system. The frequency equation, which considers clamped supports and fl exural rigidity of the cable, is intended to investigate the infl uence of the parameters of the cable damper system on its dynamic characteristics. Two factors involved in the design and construction phases, the damping coeffi cient induced by external dampers and the cable tension, are the focus of this study. Their impact on modal frequencies and damping ratios in these two phases of cable-damper systems are investigated by resolving the equation with the proposed solution. It is shown that the damping coeffi cient and cable tension exert more noticeable effects on the modal damping ratios than on the modal frequencies of stay cable-damper systems, and the two factors can serve as design variables in the design phase and as adjustment factors in the construction phase. On the basis of the results, a roadmap for system-level optimal design of stay cable-damper systems that can achieve global optimal vibration suppression for the entire bridge is proposed and discussed.     

Land cover classification of remote sensing imagery based on interval-valued data fuzzy c-means algorithm

There is a certain degree of ambiguity associated with remote sensing as a means of performing earth observations.Using interval-valued data to describe clustering prototype features may be more suitable for handling the fuzzy nature of remote sensing data,which is caused by the uncertainty and heterogeneity in the surface spectral reflectance of ground objects.After constructing a multi-spectral interval-valued model of source data and defining a distance measure to achieve the maximum dissimilarity between intervals,an interval-valued fuzzy c-means(FCM)clustering algorithm that considers both the functional characteristics of fuzzy clustering algorithms and the interregional features of ground object spectral reflectance was applied in this study.Such a process can significantly improve the clustering effect;specifically,the process can reduce the synonym spectrum phenomenon and the misclassification caused by the overlap of spectral features between classes of clustering results.Clustering analysis experiments aimed at land cover classification using remote sensing imagery from the SPOT-5 satellite sensor for the Pearl River Delta region,China,and the TM sensor for Yushu,Qinghai,China,were conducted,as well as experiments involving the conventional FCM algorithm,the results of which were used for comparative analysis.Next,a supervised classification method was used to validate the clustering results.The final results indicate that the proposed interval-valued FCM clustering is more effective than the conventional FCM clustering method for land cover classification using multi-spectral remote sensing imagery.     

基于GIS和改进灰色关联模型的岩溶区土壤肥力评价——以重庆市丰都县岩溶区为例

文章在GIS技术支持下,以重庆市丰都县岩溶区为研究对象,根据该县的地形特征、土地利用现状及土壤类型等共采集316个土壤样品,在此基础上,通过主成分分析法、隶属度函数等方法改进的灰色关联模型,对丰都县土壤肥力进行综合评价,并利用地统计学方法揭示其空间变异特征。结果表明:土壤肥力综合指数处于0.352~0.881之间,均值为0.579;其空间变异具有一阶趋势,去除趋势后所剩残差表现出较弱的空间相关性;研究区总体土壤肥力质量中等偏上,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等级的土壤肥力分布面积分别占总区域面积的10.61%、31.09%、35.94%;土壤常规养分和微量元素养分的综合肥力贡献率分别为76.77%和23.23%。这表明将土壤微量元素养分同时纳入土壤肥力评价指标体系是合理可行的,利用改进的灰色关联模型能较好地定量化评价土壤综合肥力,地统计学方法能更好地揭示土壤肥力的空间变异。      

地震空区法在大地震危险性初判中的应用——以青藏高原东南缘为例

以ARCGIS系列软件和VS 2010、SQL Server 2008为平台, 通过融合集成活动构造、地震地质和国家基础地理信息, 在初步建立的青藏高原东南缘活动构造空间数据库系统基础上, 利用地震围空区方法, 针对研究区进行区域大地震危险性中长期预测分析。通过地震信息分时间、分震级的整理与数据输出, 分析汇总了11例M≥7.0大震震例的地震空区活动图像以及围空区发震震级与围空区特征与参数。在总结出的经验公式基础上, 进一步利用1950-2012年的M≥5.0地震数据, 对该区地震围空区的发生与发育状况进行了初步分析与研究, 并对未来可能发生大震的发震位置及震级进行了综合分析。研究结果表明, 玉树-鲜水河-小江断裂带所围限的青藏高原东南缘地区存在6个比较突出的与区域重要的晚第四纪活动构造带或断裂带相对应的大地震围空区, 分别是错那-沃卡裂谷, 东喜马拉雅构造结, 安宁河-则木河断裂, 南汀河断裂-红河断裂, 畹町断裂-南汀河断裂, 澜沧-景洪断裂东段。这些围空区中主要活动断裂带的晚第四纪活动性与历史地震活动状况也都显示出未来几年至几十年存在发生大地震的危险性, 在今后的地震预报工作中应给予特别关注。应用实践表明, 通过活动构造数据库的建设可快速有效地实现对区域大地震围空区的动态分析、辨别及大地震危险性初判。