乌岩岭国家级自然保护区动态监测系统设计与实现

面向地理国情监测,以自然保护区监测为突破口,分析自然保护区监测内容,研究自然保护区多源异构数据整合、专题信息建模、多时态信息动态可视化等关键技术。在此基础上,以乌岩岭国家级自然保护区为例,构建保护区多层次、多尺度的基础空间数据库和专题数据库,实现保护区动态监测系统,形成动态标注、动态漫游、动态矢量等多种动态表达方式。该系统的建立为自然保护区监测和管理提供了有力的技术支撑,研究所形成的监测内容、关键技术和动态表达方式对地理国情监测具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

Evolution and Morphodynamics of a Prograded Beach‐Ridge Foreland,Northern Baffin Island,Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Landward retreat (marine transgression) is a common response of coastal systems to rising relative sea level. However, given sufficient sediment supply, the coast may advance seaward. The latter response of gravel barriers has been recorded in parts of southeastern and northwestern Canada, where seaward‐rising sets of beach ridges are observed in areas of Holocene RSL rise. Cape Charles Yorke, northern Baffin Island, is a 5 km long gravel foreland characterized by seaward‐rising beach‐ridge crest elevations. The prograded morphology of the Cape Charles Yorke foreland is a prime example of coastal response to a combination of rising RSL and abundant sediment supply, an unusual and little‐documented pattern in the Canadian Arctic. The main gravel supply to Cape Charles Yorke is likely from eroding bedrock and raised marine deposits southwest of the foreland. Although not the dominant sediment source, the Cape Charles Yorke delta contributed to the formation of the foreland by sheltering it from easterly storm waves and providing an anchor point for the prograding ridges. The truncation of relict ridges by the modern shoreline suggests a recent regime shift from continuous deposition to predominant erosion. The cause and timing of this shift are unknown but could result from a recent dwindling in sediment supply, increased accommodation space, increased wave energy, and/or an accelerated rise of relative sea level.     

Periglacial and Fluvial Factors Controlling the Sedimentation of Pleistocene Breccia in NW Poland

Breccias were investigated on the terrace of the Toruń‐Eberswalde ice‐marginal valley at Rozwarzyn (NW Poland). Breccia layers include soft‐sediment clasts with diameters between 2 and 256 mm and soft‐sediment megaclasts with diameters from 256 mm to 7 m. The shape of the soft‐sediment clasts and megaclasts (derived from frozen sediments) in the breccia is diverse: from angular and irregular in the case of debris‐flow breccias to slightly rounded and tabular in fluvial breccias. These two types of breccias were developed during the Late Weichselian when the periglacial climate favored extensive lateral erosion by currents of frozen braided channels in the ice‐marginal valley. The dual presence of breccias of fluvial and debris‐flow origin in channel deposits is unique for Quaternary sediments. Zones of breccias existed in the channels where scours and obstacle marks related to megaclasts developed. The study of breccias shed new light on the fluvial processes in ice‐marginal valleys during the Pleistocene and can be considered as diagnostic for fluvio‐periglacial conditions.     

东北区耕地利用系统安全格局模拟及其阈值的确定

耕地利用系统安全是保护耕地健康和保障粮食安全的基础。以东北区黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,运用Matlab编程,应用改进的神经网络模式识别模型,模拟研究区2016年和2021年耕地利用系统安全格局。基于突变理论,采用蝴蝶突变模型确定耕地利用系统安全阈值范围。结果表明:1影响耕地利用系统安全的空间因子,在一定程度上对研究区耕地利用系统安全格局的演变产生极大的影响;各类土地利用类型的数量增减及空间分布均会对耕地利用系统安全格局的变化产生一定影响。2 1976-2011年,耕地利用系统安全格局发生了显著变化,按照当前发展状况,2011-2021年,耕地面积和建设用地面积的变化呈现互反性,建设用地及其他农用地的增加均以牺牲耕地为代价,未达到保护耕地的目的。3耕地利用系统安全状态划分为安全状态、临界状态和危险状态三种;安全状态阈值范围为[-1,-0.2),临界状态阈值范围为[-0.2,0.2),危险状态阈值范围为[0.2,1]。4按照当前的发展态势,若不采取适当措施,耕地利用系统安全将向危险状态突变,耕地利用系统安全问题日益严峻。     

秦岭南北河流不同尺度特大洪水对比研究

以秦岭南北的汉江上游、渭河为例,对比分析了万年以来洪水发生的时间、流量的差异,并探讨了气候变化与洪水发生的联系。结果表明:在长时间尺度上,秦岭南北的汉江上游、渭河均有古洪水事件的沉积记录,汉江上游的洪水流量远大于渭河流域的洪水流量,洪水发生时间主要集中在4 200~4 000 a BP和3 200~3 000 a BP这两个时间段内;对季风气候变化分析表明,4 200~4 000 a BP和3 200~3 000 a BP是季风突变气候恶化的两个转折期,气候突变使得秦岭南北河流在这个时间段均有古洪水事件记录,但因测年分辨率的限制,似乎秦岭南北洪水发生时间具有一致性。在短时间尺度上,对秦岭南北实测洪水分析发现,虽然大多数年份秦岭南北没有洪水同时发生,但在个别年份内秦岭南北还是有洪水同时发生情况;从华西秋雨角度分析表明,秦岭南北的汉江上游、渭河处于华西秋雨核心区,但因多种因素的影响,在多数情况下秦岭南北洪水发生的时间并不都是完全相同。研究成果有助于从水文学角度在长时间尺度上揭示秦岭南北地区主要河流洪水发生规律,深化特大洪水事件与季风气候的关系;同时也加深了对秦岭地理分界作用的认识,对秦岭南北因地制宜的进行防洪减灾和水资源的合理调度开发有重要的实践意义。     

生态阻力面模型的构建及其在城市扩展模拟中的应用（英文）

Urban expansion models are useful tools to understand urbanization process and have been given much attention.However,urban expansion is a complicated socio-economic phenomenon that is affected by complex and volatile factors involving in great uncertainties.Therefore,the accurate simulation of the urban expansion process remains challenging.In this paper,we make an attempt to solve such uncertainty through a reversal process and view urban expansion as a process wherein the urban landscape overcomes resistance from other landscapes.We developed an innovative approach derived from the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model that involved the introduction of a relative resistance factor for different source levels and the consideration of rigid constraints on urban expansion caused by ecological barriers.Using this approach,the urban expansion ecological resistance(UEER)model was created to describe ecological resistance surfaces suitable for simulating urban expansion and used to simulate urban expansion in Guangzhou.The study results demonstrate that the ecological resistance surface generated by the UEER model comprehensively reflects ecological resistance to urban expansion and indicates the spatial trends in urban expansion.The simulation results from the UEER-based model were more realistic and more accurately reflected ecological protection requirements than the conventional MCR-based model.These findings can enhance urban expansion simulation methods.     

胶西北地区北截金矿闪长玢岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

山东省招远市北截金矿是胶西北地区发现较早的金矿之一,主要赋存于严格受NEE向断裂控制的黄铁绢英岩化蚀变带内,是典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。本文通过对矿区内切穿矿体的闪长玢岩、郭家岭序列下属北截岩体的地质背景和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究,得出闪长玢岩形成年龄为117±2Ma,北截岩体形成年龄为129±1Ma,限定北截金矿成矿年龄在117~129Ma之间,属早白垩世。锆石样品中测得Ar_3、Z、J_3等多个期次的继承锆石年龄,表明北截岩体和闪长玢岩形成过程具有多重继承演化性。根据同源岩浆的成岩成矿时间差及岩体与金矿的空间位置,判断郭家岭序列与金矿关系更为密切。讨论了胶东金矿的成矿期次和构造环境,认为其形成于俯冲造山带的弧后伸展环境,其形成与演化受中生代以来中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄、地幔上涌或陆缘裂谷的影响,最终成因可能与地幔柱有关。     

Nature,origin and evolution of a Late Pleistocene incised valley‐fill,Sunda Shelf,Southeast Asia

Understanding the stratigraphic fill and reconstructing the palaeo‐hydrology of incised valleys can help to constrain those factors that controlled their origin, evolution and regional significance. This condition is addressed through the analysis of a large (up to 18 km wide by 80 m deep) and exceptionally well‐imaged Late Pleistocene incised valley from the Sunda Shelf (South China Sea) based on shallow three‐dimensional seismic data from a large (11 500 km²), ‘merge’ survey, supplemented with site survey data (boreholes and seismic). This approach has enabled the characterization of the planform geometry, cross‐sectional area and internal stratigraphic architecture, which together allow reconstruction of the palaeo‐hydrology. The valley‐fill displays five notable stratigraphic features: (i) it is considerably larger than other seismically resolvable channel forms and can be traced for at least 180 km along its length; (ii) it is located in the axial part of the Malay Basin; (iii) the youngest part of the valley‐fill is dominated by a large (600 m wide and 23 m deep), high‐sinuosity channel, with well‐developed lateral accretion surfaces; (iv) the immediately adjacent interfluves contain much smaller, dendritic channel systems, which resemble tributaries that drained into the larger incised valley system; and (v) a ca 16 m thick, shell‐bearing, Holocene clay caps the valley‐fill. The dimension, basin location and palaeo‐hydrology of this incised valley leads to the conclusion that it represents the trunk river, which flowed along the length of the Malay Basin; it connected the Gulf of Thailand in the north with the South China Sea in the south‐east. The length of the river system (>1200 km long) enables examination of the upstream to downstream controls on the evolution of the incised valley, including sea‐level, climate and tectonics. The valley size, orientation and palaeo‐hydrology suggest close interaction between the regional tectonic framework, low‐angle shelf physiography and a humid‐tropical climatic setting.