珠江口分粒级叶绿素a和初级生产力研究

珠江是我国第三大江,年径流量仅次于长江,珠江口是我国南方重要的运输通道和沿岸渔场.近20 a来,由于珠江三角洲地区经济的迅速发展,河口区的富营养化和赤潮时有发生[1,2].因此,关于该水域生态系统结构和功能的研究日益受到重视.河口区是陆海相互作用的耦合带和生产力较高的区域,开展对该水域叶绿素a和初级生产力的研究,对于阐明该生态系统的结构和功能及其诸如富营养化和赤潮等环境问题具有重要意义,对于生物资源的开发亦具实际价值.     

粤西海域浮游植物的时空分布及其漂移特点

根据1998—1999年粤西海域4个航次浮游植物的调查资料,在GIS和SPSS的支持下对该海域浮游植物栖息密度的时空分布特征及重心位置的变化进行了初步分析。结果显示,春季、秋季和冬季浮游植物的分布趋势相似,均呈北高南低或近岸水域高、离岸水域低的分布趋势,其密集分布区均出现在电白至川山群岛一带的近岸水域,其中以冬季的分布范围最广,栖息密度最高,平均值达412.70×104cells·m-3,其次为秋季,平均值为149.75×104cells·m-3。夏季浮游植物密集分布区的范围较小,呈现出东北侧近岸水域密集程度高、西南侧水域低的分布特点,其栖息密度处于全年的最低值,平均值为15.64×104cells·m-3。偏相关分析结果表明,浮游植物栖息密度与N/P比值呈显著的正相关关系,与无机氮、磷酸盐和硅酸盐的相关性不显著。栖息密度的重心分析结果表明,春季、秋季和冬季浮游植物的重心位置彼此相近,漂移规律不明显;而夏季重心则明显向东南方向漂移,其最大漂移距离横向达24.74′,纵向达16.78′。     

江苏大丰潮间带粉砂滩的潮流边界层特征

对江苏大丰潮间带粉砂滩的潮流观测数据，运用Karman-parndtl模型分析了流速对数剖面的出现频率和边界层参数（摩阻流速与粗糙长度）。结果表明，不同时间尺度（10^1-10^3s）的平均流速对计算u-lnz线性关系出现频率的影响不大，而不同层位组合的影响较为显著，影响流速对数剖面分布的自然因素为波浪、风、潮流旋转、表底层流向差异、滩面坡度和水流加减速等。相邻层位的流速在时间序列上存在很高的线性关系，回归直线的斜率与水层距底床的高度、粗糙长度和摩阻流速有关。涨潮阶段床面粗糙长度大于落潮阶段，涨潮阶段摩阻流速小于落潮阶段。     

赤潮的高光谱监测及预警方法

有害赤潮发生频度有逐年增加的趋势, 建设赤潮的早期监测和预警系统是一个难点。文章研究表明, 珠江口赤潮前后, 叶绿素a浓度和细胞密度变化范围分别为0.9—31.1mg•m-3 和1.28×104 —1.76×106cell•L-1, 优势藻为聚生角毛藻; 高光谱辐射计获取的光漫射衰减系数、遥感反射率和荧光强度可反演叶绿素a浓度和细胞密度, 其中反演叶绿素a浓度的平均相对均方根差(RRMS)为30.6%、33.8%和77.4%, 而反演细胞密度的平均RRMS为83.6%、83.9%和136.4%。因高光谱辐射计可以获取每小时或者更短时间尺度的数据, 因此, 装备了高光谱辐射计的光学浮标可用于赤潮监测与预警系统。     

南四湖底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了解南四湖大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2010年对南四湖15个采样点的底栖动物和生态环境进行4次调查研究.结果表明:共检出底栖动物23种,栖息密度和生物量为311.57 ind./m2和44.39 g/m2;群落物种优势度指数较高,优势种集中于羽摇蚊幼虫(Chironomus plumosus)和霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri),分别占个体总数的77.45%和11.39%;水生植物生物量为1613 g/m2,盖度为33%,存在显著季节变化与空间差异,但底栖动物群落特征与之无显著相关性;南四湖水域主要污染物为氮,其次为磷,最后为高锰酸钾指数;2010年度除底栖动物物种数与水体CODMn含量呈显著负相关以及栖息密度与水体相关加权综合营养状态指数呈显著正相关外,其余底栖动物群落特征与水生植物、水质理化指标及营养状态间均未表现出显著相关性;依据底栖动物Goodnight-Whitley生物指数和水质相关加权综合营养状态指数评价结果,南四湖除局部区域受到严重的外源污染外,总体为清洁-中度营养类型.     

SPECTRAL STRUCTURE OF VELOCITY INHOMOGENEITY OF CRUST MEDIUM BELOW THE SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS

In this paper we present results of spectral structure of crustal velocity inhomogeneity beneath the southeastern margin of Tibetan plateau and its adjacent region based on the S wave envelope broadening algorithm. The spectral structure of 8~16Hz band is selected to analyze the special character of crustal inhomogeneity and discuss the correlation between strong earthquakes and inhomogeneities. The result shows that strong and complex inhomogeneities of crustal medium are found in the southeastern margin of Tibetan plateau and its adjacent region. In the upper part of upper crust, the strong and small scale inhomogeneities are imaged in the Longmengshan fault zone and the north of the Anninghe fault zone, the weak and large scale inhomogeneites are imaged in the section from Huolu to Daofu of Xianshuihe fault zone and the south of the Anninghe fault zone. In the lower part of upper crust, strong inhomogeneites are found in the Longmengshan fault zone, Lianfeng fault zone, the north of the Anninghe fault zone and the sections from Huolu to Daofu of the Xianshuihe fault zone, weak inhomogeneites are found in the section from Daofu to Kangding of Xianshuihe fault zone. In the middle crust, strong inhomogeneities are observed in the section of the Baoxing to Dujiangyan, the Baoxing to Kangding, and Kangding to Shimian, and weak inhomogeneities are observed in the northwestern section from Huolu to Kangding, and the Lianfeng fault zone. Comparing the medium inhomogeneities with the location of the strong earthquakes, our results suggest existence of high correlation between them. Strong earthquakes are often located in the transitionary zone between the strong and the weak inhomogeneities. The spatial distribution of the strong and the weak medium inhomogeneities may be related to the broken medium from the strong movement of geological tectonic and the heat flow upwelling along active faults induced by frequent tectonic and volcanic activity.     

REDETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE RUPTURES CAUSED BY THE HONGYAPU,GANSU PROVINCE,M7 1/4 EARTHQUAKE OF 1609

The Hongyapu M7 1/4 earthquake in 1609 occurred on the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi fault, which is a Holocene active thrust in the middle segment of the northern Qilianshan overthrust fault zone, located in the north-eastern edge of the Tibet plateau. This earthquake caused death of more than 840 people, ruined the Hongyapu Village and had an affected area ca. 200km². Previous work provided different opinions on the length of the earthquake surface rupture zone, such as 60km from the Bailanghe western riverbank to the Fenglehe eastern river bank, and only 11km from the Hongyazi village to eastern edge of the Hujiatai anticline. And the surface rupture zone appears in the western and middle segments of the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi fault zone. Our detailed geomorphic analysis and topographic survey found that the surface rupture zone with a total length of ca 95km is present on the new geomorphic surfaces which are slightly higher than the modern allvial-dilvial fans and riverbeds, which begins from the Hongshuiba river, Jiuquan in the west extending to the Toudaodongwan, southern Gansu in the east along the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault. The surface rupture zone occurred later than 0 A D, proved by the study of trenchs and chronology. Compared to the previous research on the epicenters of the historical major earthquakes in and around the study region, this surface rupture zone is considereded to be the surface rupture zone of the Hongyapu earthquake of 1609 in Gansu provice. Average vertical co-seismic displacement of the 1609 Hongyapu earthquake is 1.1m with maximum 1.8m, dominated by thrusting. The NNW striking Xiaoqun segment shows thrust with a component of dextral strike slip and the NEE-trending East Hongshancun segment is also mainly thrust but with sinistral strike slipp. The lateral movement could be caused by the local change of the fault strike direction. Based on the length of surface ruptures, the maximum coseismic displacement and fault dipping, this event is estimated to be of ca. M_W7.0~M_W7.4, close to the M7 1/4 suggested by previous studies.     

LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC DEFORMATION AROUND THE HUJIATAI ANTICLINE ALONG THE EAST SEGMENT OF THE FODONGMIAO-HONGYAZI FAULT,NORTHERN QILIAN SHAN: AN INSIGHT ON THE SEISMOGENIC PATTERN OF 1609 HONGYAZI M7 1/4 EARTHQUAKE

The Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault (FHF)is one of the most active faults of the northern Qilian thrust fault zone. The 1609 Hongyazi M7 1/4 earthquake occurred on the east segment of the FHF, an area with a complex geometry at the Mayinghe River site. The seismogenic pattern of this earthquake revealed by complex surface ruptures remains unclear. In this paper, we focus on active tectonic deformation around the Hujiatai anticline (HA)in the Mayinghe River site. Combining with topographic survey via dGPS across deformed terraces and alluvial fans, a field survey of the geological section across the HA, the characteristics of the active fold and several sub-faults were constrained. Meanwhile, combined with the seismic reflection profiles passing through the anticline, the correspondence relationship between surface expressions of this tectonic and the deep structure was discussed. According to our research, the HA is a result of northward propagation of the range-front thrust fault F₁. At the same time, a thrust fault F₂ with dextral strike-slip motion and a thrust fault F₄ were formed on the east side and north side of the HA, respectively. These two active faults accommodated local deformation. Trench results and ¹⁴C dating reveal that the 1609 Hongyazi M7 1/4 earthquake ruptured the T₁ terrace in the Huangcaoba site. Combined with previous field investigations and literature about the 1609 Hongyazi earthquake, we suggest that this earthquake occurred on the range-front fault F₁, and the depth of the hypocenter may be about 8~22km.     

巢湖市水源地铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)藻团粒径时空分布规律

于2011年4-8月按月对巢湖市水源保护湖区不同水深及不同区位的铜绿微囊藻藻团粒径进行抽样调查,利用统计分析方法,归纳了巢湖水源保护湖区铜绿微囊藻藻团粒径的时空分布规律.湖区铜绿微囊藻藻团出现在4月中旬至5月中旬之间,S1与S2点位表层的藻团粒径与中、底层的均存在显著差异.粒径小于200μm的藻团在各水深的分布都比较均匀,没有明显的趋向性;粒径在200~800μm范围内的藻团更易集中在湖水表层;粒径超过800μm的藻团更易集中在湖水底层.各月份外湖区S2点位藻团粒径水平均高于内湖湾S1点位.由于易受短时气象条件的影响,藻团粒径按月时间尺度变化的规律性不强.藻团形状在整个空间分布上没有显著差异性,但随着季节变化,逐渐由狭长形向规则形变化.藻团粒径的分布范围表明,大型仿生式蓝藻清除设备的过滤筛网对水源湖区铜绿微囊藻藻团的理论过滤效率为99.81%.     

基于波场分离的弹性波逆时偏移

尽管叠前逆时偏移成像精度高,但仅针对单一纵波的成像也可能形成地下介质成像盲区,由于基于弹性波方程的逆时偏移成像可形成多波模式的成像数据,因此弹性波逆时偏移成像可提供更为丰富的地下构造信息.本文依据各向同性介质的一阶速度-应力方程组构建震源和检波点矢量波场,再利用Helmholtz分解提取纯纵波和纯横波波场,使用震源归一化的互相关成像条件获得纯波成像,避免了直接使用坐标分量成像而引起的纵横波串扰问题.针对转换波成像的极性反转问题,文中提出一种共炮域极性校正方法.为有效节约存储成本,也提出一种适用于弹性波逆时偏移的震源波场逆时重建方法,在震源波场正传过程中,仅保存PML边界内若干层的速度分量波场,进而逆时重建出所有分量的震源波场.本文分别对地堑模型和Marmousi2模型进行了弹性波逆时偏移成像测试,结果表明:所提出的共炮域极性校正方法正确有效,基于波场分离的弹性波逆时偏移成像的纯波数据能够对复杂地下构造准确成像.