背景场资料与参数化方案对暴雨预报的影响

利用GRAPES-m eso模式和T213资料,对2007年7月18日发生在我国四川盆地和华东地区一次大暴雨过程进行多组数值试验,以分析侧边界资料、驱动资料的垂直分辨率、模式积分区域、云物理参数及边界参数对GRAPES-m eso模式降水预报影响。试验结果表明:(1)侧边界资料对模式降水预报结果影响较小,驱动GRAPES-m eso的全球模式产品质量提高,降水预报结果越好;(2)驱动资料垂直分辨率的高低对降水预报结果影响较大,分辨率越高,预报能力越强,反之越弱;(3)模式积分区域对降水预报结果也有明显影响,区域越大,降水预报未必总是最好;(4)物理过程和边界参数试验表明,W SM6方案与KF eta方案组合的24小时降水预报与实况更接近。      

Early Diagenetic Dolomite as a Potential Archive of Paleo-redox Fluctuations in an Early Tonian Marine Basin?

The Tonian Period witnessed important environmental changes and critical evolutionary innovations. Published iron speciation data suggest a global redox transition of mid-depth seawaters from euxinic to ferruginous in early Tonian, but details of this transition remain unknown. This study explores Tonian stromatolitic carbonates as a possible archive of paleoenvironmental changes, through the investigation of dolomitic limestones and dolostones associated with stromatolites of the Weiji Formation in the Huaibei region of North China. Three types of dolomitization are recognized on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. Type I and II dolomitization resulted in dolomitic limestones characterized by LREE depletions, MREE enrichments, positive yttrium anomalies, and a lack of europium anomalies, indicating early diagenetic dolomitization, possibly in the iron reduction zone and under the influence of bottom seawater. The lack of cerium anomalies in these carbonates suggests anoxia in shallow marine environments. The coexistence of ferroan/non-ferroan dolomite crystals and overgrowth bands is interpreted as possible evidence for rapid fluctuations between iron-rich and iron-depleted conditions in pore-waters or seawaters. In contrast, type III dolomitization resulted in pervasively dolomitized stromatolitic carbonates and likely represents late diagenetic processes. This study highlights the potential of early diagenetic dolomite as an archive for paleoenvironmental investigations.     

Investigating soil moisture sensitivity to precipitation and evapotranspiration errors using SiB2 model and ensemble Kalman filter

Accurate soil moisture information is useful in agricultural practice, weather forecasting, and various hydrological applications. Although land surface modeling provides a viable approach to simulating soil moisture, many factors such as errors in the precipitation can affect the accuracy of soil moisture simulations. This paper examined how precipitation rate and evapotranspiration rate affect the accuracy of soil moisture simulation using simple biosphere model with and without data assimilation through ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). For each of the two variables, seven levels of relative errors (?20, ?10, ?5, 0, 5, 10 and 20 %) were introduced independently, thus a total of 49 combined cases were investigated. Observations from Wudaogou Hydrology Experimental site in the Huaihe River basin, China, were used to drive and verify the simulations. Results indicate that when the error of precipitation rate is within 10 % of the observations, the resulting error in soil moisture simulations is less significant and manageable, thus the simulated precipitation can be used to drive hydrological models in poorly gauged catchments when observations are not available. When the error of evapotranspiration rate is within 20 % of the observations, which is partly caused by model structural and parameterization errors, its impact on soil moisture simulation is less significant and can be acceptable. This study also demonstrated that the EnKF can perform consistently well to improve soil moisture simulation with less sensitivity to precipitation errors.     

论经典平差模型的几何统一

为了更直观、深入地理解参数平差与条件平差的本质区别并找出它们的内在联系,在参数平差、条件平差、具有参数的条件平差、附有限制条件的条件平差和具有条件的参数平差模型中引入线性泛函,构建其统一的几何模型,从几何角度统一经典平差模型.     

Early Flood Warning for Linyi Watershed by the GRAPES/XXT Model Using TIGGE Data

Early and effective flood warning is essential for reducing loss of life and economic damage.Three global ensemble weather prediction systems of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA),the Europe...     

iGPS测量原理及其精度分析

iGPS测量技术采用类似于GPS的空间定位原理,通过测量两台以上发射器发射的红外激光信号,解算得到接收传感器的空间三维坐标。在分析iGPS角度测量原理的基础上,进一步分析iGPS的系统平差原理和在线控制程序开发技术,最后分析iGPS的测量精度及其应用,提出完全测量空间概念。     

甘肃西秦岭北麓与青海共和盆地干热岩赋存条件的对比分析

发展新能源和建立清洁能源大基地是甘肃省“十三五”规划纲要中的“六大支柱”之一。笔者在广泛收集分析青海干热岩已有勘探资料及研究成果的基础上,结合甘肃西秦岭北麓地热异常（温泉、地热井）有限的勘探测试数据,分析研究了甘肃西秦岭北麓和青海共和盆地所处的区域地质构造背景,从干热岩形成条件和热储赋存特征两个方面进行了对比分析。研究认为甘肃西秦岭北麓与青海共和盆地具有相同的地质构造背景;西秦岭北麓规模较大的酸性岩体大部分直接裸露地表,属开启式地热田类型,岩浆岩侵入时代相对较早;岩体中放射性元素U、Th、K含量及放射性生热率略低于青海共和盆地;地层增温率6. 0℃／100 m左右,温度随深度基本上呈现线性增加,表现出以热传导为主的热源特征,推测在甘肃西秦岭北麓4 000 ～ 5 000 m深度热储温度可达180℃ ～ 200℃以上,具备干热岩赋存条件。     

河北丰宁撒岱沟门钼矿床成岩成矿年代学及成矿岩体地球化学特征

撒岱沟门钼矿床是位于华北克拉通北缘的一个大型斑岩型钼矿床。前人获得的成矿岩体的年龄与成矿年龄差别较大, 为此本研究对矿区内不同特征的花岗岩开展了锆石U-Pb测年和与辉钼矿伴生的白云母40Ar/39Ar测年, 并对这些岩石开展了岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学测试, 以及成矿岩体磷灰石EPMA主量元素成分测试, 旨在进一步厘定成矿岩体, 以便加深对成岩成矿演化过程的认识。结果表明: 撒岱沟门钼矿白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(237±2) Ma, 与赋矿白色黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(240±1) Ma和前人获得的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄在误差范围内一致, 成岩成矿作用发生在中三叠世, 而赋矿的另外一种岩体, 即红色黑云母二长花岗岩的年龄为(248±1) Ma, 说明其是成矿前的侵入体。赋矿红色和白色黑云母二长花岗岩均为高硅、富碱、富钾的I型花岗岩, 属于准铝质到弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性至钾玄岩系列, 并在Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成上显示同源特征, 表明其主要来源于古元古代壳源物质的部分熔融, 与华北克拉通2.3~1.9 Ga的构造演化密切相关。成矿岩体中的岩浆磷灰石具高F、低Cl特征, 反映F在撒岱沟门钼矿的形成过程中扮演了重要角色。     

东天山新元古代—古生代大地构造格架与演化新认识

基于基础地质调查获得的新资料,对涉及东天山新元古代-古生代大地构造演化格局存在争议或认识模糊的准噶尔-吐哈地块、北天山洋盆和康古尔洋盆的属性及相互时空关联进行了重新界定。提出准噶尔-吐哈地块为相对刚性的、深部为0.8~0.55 Ga新生地壳但表层存在>1.0 Ga古老陆壳残片的具有大洋高原性质的统一块体,北界范围随着北部边缘的裂拚演化过程而随时间发生变化。基于对吐哈地块与中天山之间新发现的大草滩蛇绿岩以及其他蛇绿混杂岩带的系统梳理,提出古生代两阶段不同性质的洋盆演化模型。具有显著不同板块分隔意义的北天山洋盆主要出现于寒武-中泥盆世,代表长期分隔准噶尔-吐哈地块与中天山-塔里木板块的主大洋,而康古尔古洋盆是石炭纪-早二叠世早期叠加在已经缝合的北天山洋盆的古大陆边缘体系之上重新打开的持续时间较短的有限小洋盆。结合近年来其他相关研究新成果,重新构建了东天山地区新元古代-古生代构造演化模型。      

中国北方地区构造体系控盆作用与控油分布规律

在应用地质力学方法系统划分中国北方地区含油气盆地构造体系的基础上,开展构造体系控盆、控油气源区、控油气聚集带、地应力控制油气、低次序扭动构造控制油气田研究。研究结果表明,中国北方地区主要发育新华夏系、西域系、纬向系、祁吕贺兰山字型等构造体系,控制了塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、松辽盆地等大型含油气盆地的成生发展。构造体系具有六个特征:阶段性、迁移性、继承性、差异性、转换性和复杂性。构造体系在多个方面控制油气分布,包括构造体系多级控制油气、构造体系叠加控制油气、构造体系复合联合控制油气、构造体系多期控制油气、低序次扭动构造控制油气田分布等。以构造体系控油为主线,综合考虑油气成藏条件,指出了油气聚集有利区。在优选的有利区中相继获得了新的油气重大突破和发现,证实构造体系控油研究及油气聚集有利区预测的科学性、准确性。这些有利区也是今后较长时期内油气勘探的主要目标。