基于LZW的海底声学探测数据压缩方法研究

针对海底声学探测仪器采集数据量大而存储容量有限、数据传输带宽不足的实际问题,基于Lempel-Ziv-Welch(LZW)无损压缩算法,研究海底声学探测数据的实时压缩方法,提高数据压缩效果、节省传输带宽。并在LZW无损压缩算法的基础上结合数据存储的特点对压缩结果进行内存重新分配,极大提高压缩比(压缩数据大小/原始数据大小)。利用海底地震仪(OBS)采集的原始声学探测数据进行测试验证,结果表明该方法对于OBS声学探测数据有很好的压缩比,可用于对OBS采集的声学探测数据进行压缩处理,对于海底探测仪器的研发有很好的指导意义。     

Regeneration and utilization of nutrients during collapse of a Mesodinium rubrum red tide and its influence on phytoplankton species composition

High-biomass red tides occur frequently in some semi-enclosed bays of Hong Kong where ambient nutrients are not high enough to support such a high phytoplankton biomass. These high-biomass red tides release massive inorganic nutrients into local waters during their collapse. We hypothesized that the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of red tides would fuel growth of other phytoplankton species. This could influence phytoplankton species composition. We tested the hypothesis using a red tide event caused by Mesodinium rubrum(M. rubrum) in a semi-enclosed bay, Port Shelter. The red tide patch had a cell density as high as 5.0×10~5 cells L~(-1), and high chlorophyll a(63.71 μg L~(-1)). Ambient inorganic nutrients(nitrate:NO_3~-, ammonium: NH_4~+, phosphate: PO_4~(3-), silicate: SiO_4~(3-)) were low both in the red tide patch and the non-red-tide patch(clear waters outside the red tide patch). Nutrient addition experiments were conducted by adding all the inorganic nutrients to water samples from the two patches followed by incubation for 9 days. The results showed that the addition of inorganic nutrients did not sustain high M. rubrum cell density, which collapsed after day 1, and did not drive M. rubrum in the non-red-tide patch sample to the same high-cell density in the red tide patch sample. This confirmed that nutrients were not the driving factor for the formation of this red tide event, or for its collapse. The death of M. rubrum after day 1 released high concentrations of NO_3~-,PO_4~(3-), SiO_4~(3-), NH_4~+, and urea. Bacterial abundance and heterotrophic activity increased, reaching the highest on day 3 or 4, and decreased as cell density of M. rubrum declined. The released nutrients stimulated growth of diatoms, such as Chaetoceros affinis var. circinalis, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, and Nitzschia sp., particularly with additions of SiO_4~(3-) treatments, and other species. These results demonstrated that initiation of M. rubrum red tides in the bay was not directly driven by nutrients.However, the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of the red tide could induce a second bloom in low-ambient nutrient water, influencing phytoplankton species composition.     

Morphology and architecture of the typical erosion-genesis submarine canyons on the East China Sea slope

The Yithi submarine canyons,composed of four canyons less than 60 km in length,are located on the narrowest part of the East China Sea(ECS) slope.They extend from the shelf break at 160 m down to water depth of 1 500 m with an average gradient(along the canyon axis) of 3°(<1 000 m) and 0.7°(>1000 m).The sinuosity of the canyons ranges form 1.02 to 1.14 and their pathways extend radially from the shelf break to the axis of the Okinawa Trough.Structural and evolution pattern of the Yithi canyons are mainly controlled by sediment mass-movements and turbidity current and similar with that of the canyons in Ebro continental slope.The whole canyon system consists of three parts:the canyon,the channel and the fan.Slumps and slides often develop in the upper part of canyon where the water depth is less than 1000 m,and the turbidities usually developed on the fan.The scale of turbidites becomes smaller and their inner structures become more regular towards the ends of the canyons.Canyon-fans are often associated with small angle progradational reflection.Most canyon-fans and levees were transversely cut by active normal faults with NEE-SWW trending that are coupled to the modern extension of the Okinawa Trough.According to the age of formation of canyon-fans and sediments incised by canyons,we can infer that the Yithi canyons were formed since the middle the Medio-Pleistocene.     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)致病性类志贺邻单胞菌的分离与生化药敏鉴定

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)是名贵洄游性鱼类,由于高密度养殖等因素导致病害频发。2021年7月强台风"烟花"过境后浙江省宁海县养殖香鱼暴发体表溃烂病,死亡严重。病鱼皮肤、肌肉溃烂并伴有周围皮肤充血。组织切片观察显示病鱼患处肌纤维断裂,周围红细胞、炎性细胞浸润;鳃丝和鳃小片中红细胞增多;肝细胞核呈空泡,部分细胞核染色质边集;脾脏内红细胞数量减少,部分白细胞聚集;肠黏膜上皮细胞脱落。从患病香鱼肠中分离到一株菌(编号NH21),其菌落低突、边缘光滑表面湿润,该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,菌体呈短杆状、端圆。经生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定NH21菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。用该菌株对健康香鱼进行回归感染后,人工感染香鱼呈现与本次体表溃烂病香鱼相似的症状,经计算NH21菌株对香鱼的半致死剂量(LD₅₀)为2.51×10⁷ CFU/mL。25种抗生素的药敏试验显示NH21菌株对阿奇霉素、头孢氨苄、新生霉素、多黏菌素B、头孢西丁、呋喃唑酮6种抗生素敏感。从NH21菌株中检出了毒力基因9个、耐药基因8个。综合分析表明,分离得到的类志贺邻单胞菌NH21菌株是本次宁海县香鱼体表溃烂病的病原菌,研究结果为香鱼出现类似病症的预防和治疗提供了基础资料。     

成都平原4 kaBP以来黏土矿物记录的古气候变化

利用X射线衍射方法对成都金沙遗址IT6814探坑约4 m厚(约4 kaBP以来沉积)地层剖面的黏土矿物进行了分析,发现黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石、伊利石-蒙脱石混层矿物和少量高岭石组成。根据黏土矿物含量变化的分析和对比研究,划分出成都平原黏土矿物变化的5个阶段,得出成都平原的气候变化经历了由温凉偏干与温暖潮湿的交替,在2 500 aBP发生了较为明显的快速降温过程。通过对比探讨了古人类活动对黏土矿物的影响尺度,认为古人类活动的影响较低,黏土矿物的成分和含量可以作为气候变化的指示剂。     

双墩彩陶颜料来源的测试研究

利用激光拉曼光谱、X射线衍射和波长色散X射线荧光光谱等方法对安徽蚌埠双墩遗址出土的5片彩陶和两块红色矿料进行测试分析，明确了彩陶红彩的主要物相为赤铁矿、α-石英、白云石和方解石；黑彩未使用矿物颜料，而是利用渗碳工艺中炭黑的自然效果。同时证明了综合利用这三种测试方法对于考古样品物相鉴定与成分分析的有效性。     

数字制图中生僻汉字信息处理

在 1:2 50 0 0 0地图数据库生僻汉字统计的基础上 ,通过生僻汉字的编码、字模的制作、代码的编制、输入法的生成以及矢量汉字的使用等 ,提出了在GBK的基础上进行再扩展的技术和方法 ,从而解决了数字制图中生僻汉字处理的问题。     

数字制图和GIS中生僻汉字的处理与应用

就数字制图和ＧＩＳ建议及应用过程中经常遇到的生僻汉字问题展开全面和深入的讨论,提出了一系列行之有效的解决方法,在对全国范围的１：２５万地图上生僻汉字进行统计分析基础上,制作了相应在的生僻汉字扩充字库,设计了易学易用的输入方法,实现了计算机环境下对地图上生僻汉字的存储、检索和显示,极大地方便了实际应用。     

新疆文化遗址旅游资源及开发思路

文化遗址旅游资源是一种重要的旅游资源,具有深刻的旅游文化内涵。笔者在对新疆部分地、州旅游资源进行普查与旅游业发 ,发现各地未能充分开发和利用文化遗址旅游资源。本文通过对文化遗址旅游资源的保护与开发的关系、其分布的规律性、目前开发中存在的问题的分析,提出了新型文化旅游资源开发的战略思想。     

具有裂纹损伤桩腿的海洋石油平台有限元分析

采用有限元分析方法和断裂力学方法,将含裂纹构件的裂纹以线弹簧处理,建立了带有裂纹损伤桩腿的等效梁和管单元的单元刚度矩阵的计算方法。对检验方法的正确性,使用该方法对几种损伤构件进行了强度计算,并与有限元细化网格计算结果和实验结果进行比较,最后将等效单元计算程序接入大型有限元程序ＳｕｐｅｒＳＡＰ,对受损后的平台整体结构进行了应力计算和强度分析。