一九三五年八月德国气象学会会议纪要

德国气象学会,每两年举行会议一次,其先已於一九三一年及一九三三年分别在维也纳及汉堡举行。今年八月二十五日至二十七日为第十九次会期,假但泽高等工业学校开会,与会者除德人而外颇多外人。其演讲多属天气与大气之各种现象,兹择要略纪如下。会议开幕时,由主席枢密顾问明兴Schmauss教授演讲“气象学之术语”。略谓:吾人皆知气象界须有统一之国际符号,以为发表工具,使逐日印行之天气图与各处之年报,均有同一之记载。教授继谓气象学上基本术语,应有对外对内之分,前者吾人仅需知其国际简单意义,而後者则更需通晓其文字之说明。此外,吾人更须切实互助,     

克里雅河下游及圆沙古城脊椎动物考察记录

克里雅河发源于昆仑山脉,位置在新疆的南部。2001年10月18-11月22日,中法联合考察队对克里雅河下游进行了深入的调查。根据标本采集与资料统计,克里雅河流域的野生脊椎动物约有98种（包括已绝迹的几种）,隶属于5纲,24目,48科。其中,鱼类约4种;两柄类1种;爬行类约4种;鸟类70种;兽类约19种。有一些动物的遗骸发掘自圆沙古城及附近的古墓地。本文探讨了物种绝迹的原因。     

南华北地区石炭—二叠系砂岩和泥岩中粘土矿物的形成与转化

区内砂岩中的粘土矿物主要是自生的高岭石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层,而泥岩中的粘土矿物是伊蒙混层和高岭石,少量绿泥石,未见蒙脱石.砂岩和泥岩中粘土矿物的转化具有相似的水介质和地温条件,都反映出在中—晚成岩期形成,而且与烃类的排出和运移密切相关.泥岩中粘土矿物转化和脱水作用为砂岩输送流体和释放溶解物质,而且泥岩中有机质的脱羟基向砂输送酸性水,促进砂岩中骨架颗粒溶解、次生孔隙的产生.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated analogs in mullet (Mugil cephalus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from Bizerte Lagoon, Tunisia

Concentrations of ten polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and eight methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in mullet (Mugil cephalus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) collected from the Bizerte Lagoon and the Mediterranean Sea were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of these compounds in marine fishes from Tunisia. The PBDE mean concentrations in fish from Bizerte Lagoon were 45.3 and 96.2 ng g(-1) lw respectively in mullet and sea bass, while the concentrations of these compounds in mullet and sea bass from Mediterranean Sea were 7.80 and 27.9 ng g(-1) lw respectively. MeO-PBDE concentrations in mullet and sea bass from Bizerte Lagoon ranged from 6.46 to 286 ng g(-1) lw and from 49.4 to 798 ng g(-1) lw respectively, while the concentrations of these compounds in mullet and sea bass from Mediterranean Sea ranged from 190 to 401 ng g(-1) lw and from 353 to 578 ng g(-1) lw respectively. The total PBDEs and total MeO-PBDEs concentration in fish from Bizerte Lagoon were similar or slightly lower than those reported for other species from other locations around the world.     

An inverse procedure to estimate transmissivity from heads and SP signals

Experimental hydraulic heads and electrical (self-potential) signals associated with a pumping test were used in an inverse model to estimate the transmissivity distribution of a real aquifer. Several works reported in the literature show that there is a relatively good linear relationship between the hydraulic heads in the aquifer and electrical signals measured at the ground surface. In this experimental test field, first, the current coupling coefficient was determined by the best fit between experimental and modeled self-potential signals at the end of the pumping phase. Soon afterward, with the hydraulic heads obtained from the self-potential signals, the transmissivity distribution of the aquifer was conditioned by means an inverse model based on the successive linear estimator (SLE). To further substantiate the estimated T field from the SLE analysis, we analyzed the drawdown rate, the derivative of the drawdown with respect to the ln(t), because the drawdown rate is highly sensitive to the variability in the transmissivity field. In our opinion, these results show that self-potential signals allow the monitoring of subsurface flow in the course of pumping experiments, and that electrical potentials serve as a good complement to piezometric observations to condition and characterize the transmissivity distribution of an aquifer.     

小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中石英晶体微形貌研究

利用微分干涉显微镜等手段对小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中不同成矿阶段的石英晶体微形貌进行了研究。石英晶体{101^-1}、{011^-1}、{101^-0}单形晶面上不同特征的微形貌对了解石英晶体的生长机理、生长速率、生长环境的变化及成矿溶液的过饱和度具有重要意义，同时也可提供成矿阶段划分及晶体生长时热力学条件的信息。     

关于中国西部干旱区生态环境演变与调控研究的思考

从中国西部干旱区的界定、自然条件特点的分析出发,结合国家西部大开发战略的实施,指出进行该区生态环境演变与调控研究的重大意义。提出了在时间序列上进行生态环境演变研究,在空间结构上开展生态系统结构、功能及生态过程研究,在时空耦合界面上探讨重大生态环境问题,进行生态系统的调控与管理研究的思路。并从生态环境形成演变、生态系统结构和功能、重大生态环境问题及生态环境管理等方面探讨了研究工作的技术路线。同时,指出了主要研究内容和需要解决的关键科学问题以及将要实现的研究目标。     

MS8.0汶川地震对MS7.0芦山地震成核失稳的影响

依据速率-状态依赖性摩擦本构关系,并结合中下地壳和上地幔的黏弹性松弛效应,以震后库仑破裂应力变化和同震动态库仑破裂应力变化的计算为基础,模拟了两种应力变化对芦山地震断层的失稳发震时间的影响,研究了2008年M_S8.0汶川地震与2013年M_S7.0芦山地震之间的触发关系.计算得到,汶川地震在芦山地震震源断层面上产生的动态应力变化的峰值为0.127 MPa;此外,经过近5年中下地壳和上地幔的黏弹性松弛效应,芦山地震震源断层面上受到的震后应力变化值为0.025 MPa.结果表明,芦山地震的震源断层在应力积累逐渐接近临界状态的某一特定时期内,受到了汶川地震产生的动态应力变化、静态应力变化以及黏弹性松弛效应造成应力变化的共同触发作用,且动态应力的延迟触发作用可能更为显著.最后对芦山地震之后研究区域的应力变化场进行了初步探讨.     

西南极乔治王岛北海岩火山岩的^40Ar／39Ar和K—Ar年龄测定

本文采用＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ、Ｋ－Ａｒ和激光微区等时线方法，对乔治王岛北海岩的火山岩进行了系统的年龄测定。实验结果表明，该区的火山活动从晚白垩世延续到始新世末期，主要喷发时代为始新世。岩石的年龄由南西向北东依次变新，表明乔治王岛的火山活动中心在不断迁移，与整个南设得兰群岛火山岩的时、空分布规律相符。