华北克拉通东南缘约1.8 Ga高压麻粒岩相变质作用:岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学证据

华北克拉通北邻中亚造山带,南接秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带.它通常被认为是约18亿年固结形成的陆块.其基底的形成与演化,一直受到广泛关注(Zhao et al.,1998,2000,2005;Zhai et al.,2000,2005;Wilde et al.,2002,2005;Guo et al.,2005;Kroner et al.,2005,2006;Lu et al.,2008).大多数研究者都注重于华北克拉通内部、北部和东西陆块结合带(中间带),较少关注东南缘基底的形成与演化研究.     

西天山喇嘛苏成矿斑岩年代学、地球化学特征与成因初探

近东西走向的天山造山带位于中亚造山带或阿尔泰构造拼贴体的最南端,是哈萨克斯坦和塔里木板块的汇聚地带,也是一个重要的铜一金等多金属成矿带[1].天山造山带是在古生代由塔里木和西伯利亚板块之间的古亚洲洋的消减闭合,塔里木、准噶尔、哈萨克斯坦等板块的俯冲-碰撞-增生所形成[2].     

磷处理粉煤灰可作农业土壤磷源

粉煤灰(简称CCP或ash)具有改良土壤,增加植物产量的功能。此外,由于它特殊的多孔结构,也可用作吸纳并承载植物养分的载体。用NaH2PO4配制成含磷0.10mol/L浓度的溶液,对采自加拿大西安大略省Sarnia地区Lambton电厂的底灰(bottomash)进行振荡浸渍处理。结果表明,振荡浸渍66h后的粉煤灰中磷含量可达784×10-6。以磷处理粉煤灰、未进行磷处理的粉煤灰和石英砂按比例混合,作为基本生长介质进行玉米种植实验,其中实验配方设计为生长介质中含磷量分别为标准含磷浓度(50×10-6)的10%、25%、50%、75%和100%。生长26、34和46d后分别与不含磷的空白配方、施加含氮-磷-钾为0-20-0标准磷肥并控制磷含量为标准浓度(50×10-6)配方进行生物产量对比。生长实验结果表明,以磷处理粉煤灰供磷的生长介质,当含磷量为标准浓度的25%至100%时,其植物生长量就比添加标准浓度磷肥的配方好。种植46d后的生物生长量统计结果显示,含磷分别为标准浓度50%、75%和100%的实验介质中,玉米杆的鲜重较施标准磷肥介质中玉米分别增长39.46%、42.73%和46.13%;玉米杆干重依次增加29.71%、13.39%和28.87%;根鲜重平均增加16.62%;根干重平均增加14.03%。上述实验结果启示,粉煤灰可以很好地吸纳承载磷养分,并持续供给植物吸收生长,如果采用吸纳磷(或其他养分)的粉煤灰改良砂质土壤将有重要意义。     

构造地貌—城区建设发展规划的地质生态评估基础（以斯摩棱斯克州为例）

为了制定斯摩棱斯克州城市建设发展的总体纲要,对城区进行了地质生态评估。为此,根据所采用的方法,编制了地貌图,以此作为评估的基本要素,并且对该州地区地貌特征进行了分析;同时建议利用这些资料作为制定总体纲要工作的独立要素。     

莫斯科市城市建设发展的地质条件

地质条件在许多方面决定着特大城市继续发展的前景。近些年,莫斯科市城市建设的飞速发展,得益于在该地区地质历史背景基础上,分析了市区的现代地球力学、存在的古侵蚀切割和发育的危险地质过程。     

斜坡土体位移滑坡（塌方）危险和风险

提出了坡积-滑坡土、残积-坡积和人类经济活动填土强度指数易变性调查结果。给出了根据实验方法制定出的,在工程地质勘察资料不充分条件下对危险斜坡和边坡稳定性评价的建议。提出了土体位移风险评价方法,以便论证选择防止滑坡工程设施的工程保护设计方案。     

Time-space analysis of internal migration in Spain (1962-1993): with special attention to the changes in migration pattern in the 1970s

"In this study, the internal migration in Spain from 1962 to 1993 is analyzed from the viewpoint of migration flows, with special emphasis on the spatial scale and direction of migration as well as the migration fields.... The evolution of the spatial scale and direction of migration shows a radical change in the middle 1970s: migrations from 1962 to 1975 (first period) were unidirectional movements at great distance (interprovincial and interregional), whereas those from 1976 to 1993 (second period) are characterized by the weight of intraprovincial movements and the bidirectionality of interprovincial movements. Through the two periods, the major sector in which migrants are employed has shifted from the industry to the service sector." (EXCERPT)     

Theoretical infrared spectra of some model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: effect of ionization

In order to test the hypothesis of ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as possible carriers of the UIR bands, we realized a computational exploration on selected PAHs of small dimension in order to identify which changes ionization would induce on their IR spectra. In this study we performed ab initio calculations of the spectra of neutral and positively ionized naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene. The results are significantly important. The frequencies in the cations are slightly shifted with respect to the neutral species, but no general conclusion can be reached from the three molecules considered. By contrast, the relative intensities of most vibrations are strongly affected by ionization, leading to a much better agreement between the calculated CH/CC vibration intensity ratios and those deduced from observations.     

Evidence of ancient life at 207 m depth in a granitic aquifer

The results of electron-microscopy investigations of calcite precipitated in a water-conducting fracture in a ca. 1800 Ma granitic rock from 207 m below sea level at the island of Aspo on the southeastern (Baltic) coast of Sweden are compared with measurements of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotope composition of the calcite and embedded pyrite. Parts of the calcite had extremely low delta 13C values, indicative of biological activity, and contained bacteria-like microfossils occurring in colonies and as typical biofllms. X-ray microanalysis demonstrated these fossils to be enriched in carbon. Our results provide evidence for ancient life in deep granitic rock aquifers and suggest that the modern microbial life found there is intrinsic. Modeling historical and present geochemical processes in deep granitic aquifers should, therefore, preferably include biologically catalyzed reactions. The results also suggest that the search for life on other planets, e.g., Mars, should include subsurface material.     

Interstellar water in meteorites?

D/H ratios of two meteorites (Renazzo CR and Semarkona LL3), which are known to exhibit the largest departures from the terrestrial hydrogen isotopic ratios, have been determined with the CRPG Nancy ion microprobe. Correlations between the D/H ratios and the chemical compositions (H2O, K, Si, C/H) of plausible hydrogen carriers were observed. From these correlations, it is possible to show that, contrary to previous interpretations, phyllosilicates are the carriers of the deuterium-rich hydrogen in Semarkona and Renazzo: 870 x 10(-6) > or = D/H > or = 670 x 10(-6) (+4600 > or = deltaD > or = 3300%) and > or = 320 x 10(-6) (deltaD > or = 1050%), respectively. Hydrogen is also present in the chondrules of these two deuterium-rich meteorites. The large differences in D/H ratios between matrix (up to 700 x 10(-6), deltaD up to +3500%) and chondrules (from 120 x 10(-6) (deltaD = -230%) to 230 x 10(-6) (deltaD = +475%)) show that hydrogen in chondrules cannot originate from the matrix by simple contamination or diffusion processes. The high D/H ratios measured in water-bearing minerals could not have been produced thermally within a dense solar nebula. Chemical reactions (i.e., involving ions or radicals), taking place in interstellar space or in the outer regions of the nebula at 110-140K are presently the only conceivable mechanisms capable of yielding such isotopic enrichments. Water in these meteorites should no longer be considered as a simple product of nebular condensation under equilibrium thermodynamic conditions at T > or = 160K.