A Two—Temperature Supernova Fallback Disk Model for Anomalous X—ray Pulsars

We present a case study of the relevance of the radially pulsational instability of a two-temperature accretion disk around a neutron star to anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). Our estimates are based on the approximation that such a neutron star disk with mass in the range of 10^-6-10^-5M⊙ is formed by supernova fallback. We derive several peculiar properties of the accretion disk instability: a narrow interval of X-ray pulse periods; lower X-ray luminosities; a period derivative and an evolution time scale. All these results are in good agreement with the observations of the AXPs.     

PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE STATIC BEHAVIOUR OF MARINE RISER

The behaviour of marine risers is investigated under the forces produced by selfweight, wave and current and quasistatic motion of the top vessel. The parameters include the applied tension, geometric nonlinearity, magnitude of surge, heave and pitch motion of the top vessel and wave height. The study shows that the above parameters have considerable influence on the riser response.     

Resource Flows of Villages with Contrasting Lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Central Himalaya, India

Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components of village ecosystem in representative buffer zone villages, which are practicing transhumance and settled way of lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） of Garhwal Himalaya. While the villages practicing transhumance used various natural resources spatially segregated,the villages practicing settled way of lifestyle have to manage resources from a limited spatial area through rotation and varied extraction intensities. Forests subsidized the production activity in both type of villages and the per capita resource extractions were found to be greater in tran~humance village than settled village. Though crops provided maximum energy, in terms of economic criteria, animal husbandry played important role in both settled and transhumance villages. As villages representing both the situations showed different ways of adjustments to the conservation oriented land use changes, management authority needs to address the eco-development plans fulfilling the aspirations of all people traditionally using the resources of the Reserve to reduce the conflicts and encourage their participation in the conservation of the area.     

Simulation Study on High Energy Cosmic Electron Detection by Shower Image

Many projects have recently been carried out and proposed for observing high energy electrons since it is realized that cosmic ray electrons are very important when studying the dark matter particles and the acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays. An imaging calorimeter, BETS （Balloon-borne Electron Telescope with Scintillator fiber）, has been developed for this purpose. Using pattern analysis of the shower development, the electrons can be selected from those primary cosmic ray proton events with flux heights one-tenth that of the electrons. The Monte-Carlo simulation is indispensable for the instrument design, the signal trigger and the data analysis. We present different shower simulation codes and compare the simulation results with the beam test and the flight data of BETS. We conclude that the code FLUKA2002 gives the most consistent results with the experimental data.     

LARGE-SCALE FEATURES OF THE INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SOME OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES

The summer monsoon rainfall totals for 31 meteorological subdivisions of India for the years 1901-1980 are analysed. The analysis reveals that four leading eigenvectors (EVs) are significant and account for 65% of the total variance.The spatial pattern of the first EV exhibits in phase fluctuations over almost the whole India. The large coefficients of this vector can be considered as representative of the conditions of large-scale flood and drought over the country. The second pattern reveals the fluctuations mostly over the North Indian region (north of 20° latitude) probably in association with the Western Disturbances. The third pattern indicates fluctuations over the North-West and the North-East India in opposite phase and the fourth pattern exhibits the characteristic features of fluctuations associated with 'break'. The spectral analysis of the coefficients of these EVs revealed quasi-periodicities of 2-5 years.On the basis of examination of the elements of these EVs the country has been divide     

长方体磁异常的简化表达式

一、引言由于均匀磁化的二维和三维长方体与通常遇见的许多地质特征相似,因而在磁异常的解释中,它们常被用来当作模型。在二维情况下,长方体底部为无限延深,只要磁化方向和磁化强度相同,则长方体所产生的磁异常与具有相同水平顶面的平行侧面倾斜棱柱体所产生的磁异常是一样的(据Bruckshaw和Kunaratnam)。所以这类倾斜棱柱的磁异常也可以利用长方体模型来分析。在运用长方体近似的磁法解释中,通常采用的方法是将实测异常与按不     

ON A NEW SPECIES OF CAMPTYLONEMOPSIS (CYANOPHYTA) FROM SOUTH CHINA

In the course of our studies on some old collections of marine cyanophytes in the herbarium of the Institute of Oceanology, we came across a very interesting plant characterized by (1) a crescent-shaped filament attached to the substrate with its middle portion while the two side portions growing freely and bending upwards, (2) its reproduction being carried out by heterocysts and homorgones. Careful studies showed that it is an undescribed species     

加拿大对饮水中Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量两次全国调查所取得的成果

加拿大对饮用水中的微量元素Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn进行了两次全国性调查。调查中包括Ca和Mg。为了检验水净化和水分配过程中水的质量,对70个城镇的天然水,净化水和自来水进行了取样分析。采用两种方法:石墨炉原子化器和吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)萃取法对Pb、Cr和Cd进行了直接分析,並对所取得的结果加以对比研究。结果表明,微量元素分析一般並不因为有固体微粒而受到影响。水中查出的有毒元毒的浓度比允许的最大值低得多。在水净化和分配给用户过程中,这些元素的浓度除Cu以外几乎都没有增加。