CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN FOOTHILLS:PROBLEMS IN RESTORATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CRUSTAL SHORTENING

CROSS-SECTIONS OF THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN FOOTHILLS:PROBLEMS IN RESTORATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CRUSTAL SHORTENING1　PowersPM ,LillieRJ ,YeatsRS .StructureandshorteningoftheKangraandDehraDunreentrants ,Sub Himalaya ,India[J].GSABulletin ,1998,110 :10 10～ 10 2 7.…     

YARLUNG ZANGBO OPHIOLITES,SOUTHERN TIBET REVISITED

YARLUNG ZANGBO OPHIOLITES,SOUTHERN TIBET REVISITED     

Palaeoshorelines as Indic ator of Late Cenozoic Climo-Tectonic Changes in Ladakh Trans Himalaya: an Illustration From Tso Kar Lake

PALAEOSHORELINES AS INDICATOR OF LATE CENOZOIC CLIMO-TECTONIC CHANGES IN LADAKH TRANS HIMALAYA:AN ILLUSTRATION FROM TSO KAR LAKE1　BhattacharyyaA .Vegetationandclimateduringthelast 30 0 0 0 yearsinLadakh [J] .Palaeogeogr,Palaeoclimatol,Palaeoecol,1989,73:2 5～ 38. 2　CerlingTE .LateCenozoicvegetationchange,atmosphericCO2 andtectonics[A] .Ruddiman ,W .F .,ed .Tectonicupliftandclimatechange[M] .NewYork:PlenumPress,1998.313～ 2 2 7. …     

正断层断距纵剖面图及其运动学:概念模型与地质实例

断距纵剖面图 （T H图）是指以断层的垂直断距为横轴、以地层或地质年龄为纵轴所绘制的随地层或地质年龄所变化的断距分布图。断距纵剖面图为确定正断层类型、断层形成时间和断层的纵向演化史提供了一个简单迅捷的工具。概念模型表明,断距纵剖面图可以明确无误地区分出简单后沉积型正断层、后沉积拱顶拉张型正断层、同沉积生长型正断层及其复合型正断层。简单后沉积型正断层的断距不随地层年龄的变化而变化, 其断距纵剖面图为一垂直线段。后沉积拱顶拉张型正断层的断距随地层年龄的增大而减小并趋向零值,同沉积生长型正断层的断距随地层年龄的增大而增大,复合型正断层则具其组合型断距纵剖面形态。除简单后沉积型正断层外,断距纵剖面图中的最大断距点代表了该断层的起始形成年代。     

Deposition of nanoparticles on school eyeglasses in urban and rural areas:A methodology for a more real assessment of the possible impacts

Because incomplete confirmation is available concerning the influential role of atmosphere contamination on conjunctivitis,myopia,asthma,and allergic rhinitis in Brazil,the focus of the present work is to explore the possible relations among atmosphere contamination and eye problems.Rather that a case study on eye diseases,by way of questionnaires supplemented by the investigation of nanoparticles(NPs)on eyeglasses,the study examines the mechanisms in which NPs and ultra-fine particles are deposited on the glasses of children up to 10 years of age in urban and rural area.The important connection between atmosphere contaminants and individual protection equipment justifies improving indoor school properties in order could protect children’s eyes,particularly in high-pollution/high-particulate areas.     

Dyke emplacement in the Narmada rift zone and implications for the evolution of Deccan Traps

正Dykes are primarily extensional fractures that form perpendicular to the minimum principal compressive stress,which have been extensively studied in the world during the past decades for various reasons including the     

Modeling tropical river runoff: A time dependent approach

Forecasting of rainfall and subsequent river runoff is important for many operational problems and applications related to hydrology. Modeling river runoff often requires rigorous mathematical analysis of vast historical data to arrive at reasonable conclusions. In this paper we have applied the stochastic method to characterize and predict river runoffofthe perennial Kulfo River in southem Ethiopia. The time series analysis based auto regressive integrated moving average （ARIMA） approach is applied to mean monthly runoff data with 10 and 20 years spans. The varying length of the input runoff data is shown to influence the forecasting efficiency of the stochastic process. Preprocessing of the runoff time series data indicated that the data do not follow a seasonal pattern. Our forecasts were made using parsimonious non seasonal ARIMA models and the results were compared to actual 10-year and 20-year mean monthly runoff data of the Kulfo River. Our results indicate that river runoff forecasts based upon the 10-year data are more accurate and efficient than the model based on the 20-year time series.     

Biodiversity and seasonal variation of benthic macrofauna in Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, India

From the Indian coast only limited data are available on the benthic fauna of the seagrass communities. In this study, seasonal variation in the distribution of macrobenthos and influence of environmental parameters was explored at four seagrass beds and two mangrove stations along the Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, India, from September 1999 to August 2001. A total of 160 macrobenthic species from eight major groups represented the macrofauna of the Minicoy Island. Of the identified taxa, molluscs 70（gastropods 41.46%, bivalves 7.5%）, polychaetes 27（16.88%）, crustaceans 30（18.75%）, echinoderms 11（6.88%） and remaining others. Average seasonal abundance of benthic macrofauna ranged from 219 to 711 ind./m2, species diversity varied from 1.45 to 3.64 bits per individual, species richness index ranged from 4.01 to 26.17, evenness 0.69 to 1.66. In general, the higher abundance and species diversity was noticed in southern seagrass stations and northern seagrass stations, but in the mangrove stations comparatively low species diversity was observed. Three-way analysis of variance indicated that all communities resulted as being significantly different between seagrass and mangrove station, mainly when the seasonal interaction was considered. Multivariate analyses were employed to help define benthic characteristic and the relationship between environmental parameters at the six monitoring stations. Results of cluster analyses and multidimensional scale plot suggest that for mangrove region, different physiographic provinces, lower salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment biotic structure have a higher influence on the species composition and diversity than other oceanographic conditions.     

Implications of sampling design and sample size for national carbon accounting systems

Background  

Countries willing to adopt a REDD regime need to establish a national Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system that provides information on forest carbon stocks and carbon stock changes. Due to the extensive areas covered by forests the information is generally obtained by sample based surveys. Most operational sampling approaches utilize a combination of earth-observation data and in-situ field assessments as data sources.