SEA-LEVEL CHANGES IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC WITH EMPHASIS ON CHINA

Low sea levels during Pleistocene glacial stages have been investigated in many studies of the topography and sediments of the world's continental shelves. Melting of the glaciers was accompanied by a rise in sea level from perhaps 150m below the present level, a position that is indicated by the present depth of relict shore sediments and fossils. Approximate depths and dates of rising sea level are provided     

重金属从港湾沉积物释放到海水中的实验室研究

在100级洁净实验室中研究了厦门港沉积物中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zr、Ni和Co的释放与去除行为。沉积物加入海水后,Pb、Zn、Cu在8小时内释放达最大值,Co在12小时内达最大值;随后海水中Pb和Co的浓度逐渐下降接近背景值,Zn浓度略低于背景值,Cu的浓度变化不大;海水中Cd、Ni的浓度未见明显的变化。结果表明:弱结合态的重金属可能从沉积物中通过解吸或交换释放到海水中,同时它们又在海水中形成络合物或沉淀物,吸附在胶体或颗粒上被载带下来。这两个过程同时存在,随时间和条件变化而异。     

Disorder and recovery of environmental health monitored by means of lysosomal stability in liver of European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)

From 1995 to 2000 biological effects were studied in liver of flounder (Platichtysflesus L.) from the German Bight. During the study period deleterious consequences of acute discharges of DDT and PCBs in early spring 1996 and after 1998 due to remobilization of contaminants from riverbed deepening of the River Elbe became evident. As core biomarker which reflects toxically induced liver pathologies and integrates effects of various classes of pollutants we measured the integrity of lysosomal membranes in individual flounder liver. During the study period, twice statistically significant disturbances of lysosomal function was detected in fish from the River Elbe: in summer 1996 and in spring 1999. Yet, the detrimental contaminant effects were not only restricted to individuals from the Elbe but expanded to those flounder inhabiting formerly less polluted reference areas. In contrast to flounder of the Elbe, their ability to recover from the lysosomal disorders were limited. While in autumn 2000 Elbe individuals showed clear signs of recovery, those fish caught in areas more distant to the source of toxicant input still maintained significantly decreased lysosomal membrane integrity. It can be speculated that fish populations which are not continuously exposed to chronic anthropogenic stress may have a lower potential or need a longer period to recover from the effects of pollution.     

Nonlinear Behaviour of Coflexip Risers

A modified Newton-Raphson iterative technique is formulated for obtaining the static configuration of the Lazy "S" flexible marine riser between the floater and mid-arch buoy under its submerged self weight and the applied top tension. The geometrically non-linear problem is solved by finite difference with the above technique. The problem is formulated as a regular boundary value problem with specified moments and deflections at both ends. Usually the bending stiffness of the flexible riser made of Coflexip pipe is very low. By use of the above analysis, several flexible riser configurations are analyzed and their characteristic behaviors are investigated. Also, changes in the riser characteristics due to quasi-static motion of the floater end are estimated for the safety of the riser layout.     

莫克兰增生棱柱体内BSR之下厚层游离气之证据

莫克兰大陆边缘的地震反射资料显示出一个强的似海底反射（BSR），且广泛分布。我们将非线性全波形反演技术应用于此区的多道地震数据。用来研究复杂的速度结构及BSR的成因，计算结果显示出：在海底以下500m深度处纵波速度从2.2km/s突然下降到1.3km/s。低速带厚度约200－350m，可能含有大量游离气，这与最近ODP164航次在布莱克海台的钻井有些类似。大部分的游离气可能是气体水合物分解产生的，在加积楔中，构造抬升和沉积作用，引起气体水合物稳定域相对于沉积柱向上运移。     

白垩纪—第三纪边界海水~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值微小而可辨的增高的证据

人们对于白垩纪—第三纪边界契克苏卢博撞击事件的真实性是普遍接受的 ,然而 ,对于其古环境和古海洋影响仍存在争议。在发现契克苏卢博撞击坑以前 ,Ｋ—Ｔ界 ８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值的变化被作为支持撞击假说的依据 ,此后被用于推测撞击事件对大陆风化作用的影响。根据生物地层学 ,８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ结果用于讨论有争议的高纬度地区 ,Ｋ—Ｔ后出现的白垩纪有孔虫的最佳解释是再沉积 ,而不是残存。然而 ,多项研究表明 ,此边界 ８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值的变化模式明显不同。为了更好地证明Ｋ—Ｔ边界海水 ８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ的演化和准确确定…     

日本八重山岛南部黑岛海底丘的钙质烟囱

利用ＪＡＭＳＴＥＣ深海牵引器照相系统（１９９６）“海豚３Ｋ”和“Ｓｈｉｎｋａｉ２０００”（１９９７）完成了八重山岛近海黑岛海底丘（深度６４３～２５９０ｍ）的潜水调查。在海底丘的顶部和南部丘底发现了包括管状蠕虫的Ｃａｌｙｐ ｔｏｇｅｎａ群落 ,在海底丘顶部化能自养群落周围还发现了许多钙质烟囱、钙质砂砾管、碳酸盐壳。钙质烟囱和碳酸盐壳主要由细粒的陆源物（如石英砂和粘土矿物）组成 ,泥晶胶结。钙质烟囱不仅以碎屑形式出现 ,而且也以伴随着死亡Ｃａｌｙｐｔｏｇｅｎａ群落的原地“纯”生物烟囱的形式出现 ,它们表现为…     

根据树轮密度和宽度对公元1600年以来中国中北部降雨量的初步重建

根据树轮密度和宽度对公元１６００年以来中国中北部降雨量的初步重建Ｍ．Ｋ．Ｈｕｇｈｅｓ等华山松测试材料采自华山（３４°２９＇Ｎ，１１０°０５＇Ｅ，海拔２０６０ｍ），该地点的树心年代范围在４２６年以内，采样的树木接近一个建于１９５３年的气象观测站，在相同...     

The mid-Cretaceous super plume, carbon dioxide, and global warming

Carbon-dioxide releases associated with a mid-Cretaceous super plume and the emplacement of the Ontong-Java Plateau have been suggested as a principal cause of the mid-Cretaceous global warming. We developed a carbonate-silicate cycle model to quantify the possible climatic effects of these CO2 releases, utilizing four different formulations for the rate of silicate-rock weathering as a function of atmospheric CO2. We find that CO2 emissions resulting from super-plume tectonics could have produced atmospheric CO2 levels from 3.7 to 14.7 times the modern pre-industrial value of 285 ppm. Based on the temperature sensitivity to CO2 increases used in the weathering-rate formulations, this would cause a global warming of from 2.8 to 7.7 degrees C over today's global mean temperature. Altered continental positions and higher sea level may have been contributed about 4.8 degrees C to mid-Cretaceous warming. Thus, the combined effects of paleogeographic changes and super-plume related CO2 emissions could be in the range of 7.6 to 12.5 degrees C, within the 6 to 14 degrees C range previously estimated for mid-Cretaceous warming. CO2 releases from oceanic plateaus alone are unlikely to have been directly responsible for more than 20% of the mid-Cretaceous increase in atmospheric CO2.     

Interpretation of the surface brightness of Phobos

Analysis of disk resolved images of Phobos obtained by the Phobos 2 spacecraft allows us to study the surface scattering law and albedo variations. From low phase angle images we find variations in local geometric albedo approximately 10%, with a correlation length approximately 1km. The scattering law is reasonably well matched by the recent proposed LPI (Lumme et al. 1990a) model, which allows us to deduce a small scale (approximately 1 mm) surface roughness (approximately 0.5), defined here as the rms. tangent of the local surface normal relative to the mean surface normal in the Duxbury (1991) model of Phobos. This value is very close to what has been found for Mercury and the Moon.