硫铝酸盐水泥去除微污染水体中磷的性能及机理

微污染湖泊、水库等水体中磷的去除已成为水质研究的主要方向.磷是造成水体富营养化的关键因素,其浓度较低时即可导致水体富营养化与水华的发生,许多除磷方法对低浓度磷的去除效果不佳.因此,我们从22种天然矿物、火山灰质材料和水硬性材料中,筛选出了能高效去除低浓度磷的硫铝酸盐水泥(代号R.SAC 42.5,简称R),该材料在中性...     

影响断层带再活动的一些因素的实验研究

很多地震发生在活动断层上。但断层带是否活动并不是一成不变的。目前,在没有大量实测资料的情况下,我们往往还要推断哪些断层是易于活动的。实验与计算结果表明,影响断层再活动的因素为力的方向、力的大小,断层带厚度,断层带物质的力学性质等。这些结果将有助于我们推测活断层。     

Variations of near-surface atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations during summer on Muztagata

Expeditions during the summers of 2002 and 2003 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2 m height) atmospheric CO₂ and H₂O concentrations at the 4500 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO₂ concentrations (of about 5 μmol·mol^-1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO₂ concentrations occur between 02:30-05:30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12:00-15:30 PM. The atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in the summer of 2002 were around 5 μmol·mol^-1 lower than those during the same period of 2003, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the daily mean atmospheric H₂O content in 2003 was much lower than that in 2002 and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO₂ and H₂O concentrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO₂ concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H₂O content in the glaciated region around Muztagata.     

CO2 flux evaluation over the evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan,China

The Dinghushan flux observation site, as one of the four forest sites of ChinaFLUX, aims to acquire long-term measurements of CO₂ flux over a typical southern subtropical evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem using the open path eddy covariance method. Based on two years of data from 2003 to 2004, the characteristics of temporal variation in CO₂ flux and its response to environmental factors in the forest ecosystem are analyzed. Provided two-dimensional coordinate rotation, WPL correction and quality control, poor energy-balance and underestimation of ecosystem respiration during nighttime implied that there could be a CO₂ leak during the nighttime at the site. Using daytime (PAR > 1.0 μmol⁻¹·m⁻²·s⁻¹) flux data during windy conditions (u* > 0.2 m·s⁻¹), monthly ecosystem respiration (Reco) was derived through the Michaelis-Menten equation modeling the relationship between net ecosystem C0₂ exchange (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Exponential function was employed to describe the relationship between Reco and soil temperature at 5 cm depth (Ts05), then Reco of both daytime and nighttime was calculated respectively by the function. The major results are: (i) Derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation, the apparent quantum yield (α) was 0.0027±0.0011 mgCO₂·μmol⁻¹ photons, and the maximum photosynthetic assimilation rate (Amax) was 1.102±0.288 mgCO₂·m⁻²·s⁻¹. Indistinctive seasonal variation of α or Amax was consistent with weak seasonal dynamics of leaf area index (LAf) in such a lower subtropical evergreen mixed forest, (ii) Monthly accumulated Reco was estimated as 95.3±21.1 gC·m⁻²mon⁻¹, accounting for about 68% of the gross primary product (GPP). Monthly accumulated WEE was estimated as −43.2±29.6 gC·m⁻²·mon⁻¹. The forest ecosystem acted as carbon sink all year round without any seasonal carbon efflux period. Annual NEE of 2003 and 2004 was estimated as −563.0 and −441.2 gC·m⁻²·a⁻¹ respectively, accounting for about 32% of GPP.

     

北京地区新构造运动特征

根据北京地区构造演化、断裂活动、新构造运动、现代构造运动及地震活动等新资料,认为本区南、北段新构造运动特征存在明显差异,南段新构造活动较北段弱,未来地震危险性亦然     

陕西北秦岭中段构造应力场的初步研究

于华北板块南缘的北秦岭中段,在系统测量微断层的位移参数的基础上,通过采用滑动矢量拟合法,获得了该区自新生代以来的三期构造应力场的平均应力张量。三期应力场的方向及性质分别为:(1)以280°—310°方向拉伸为主的松弛期;(2)以305°—336°方向挤压为主的压缩期;(3)以294°—340°方向拉伸为主、辅以21°—68°方向挤压的现代扩张期。研究表明,最新一期即第三期构造应力场的特征与华北板块的区域构造应力场特征是基本一致的     

Spatiotemporal variations of internal P-loading and the related mechanisms in the large shallow Lake Chaohu

Spatiotemporal variations of P species and adsorption behavior in water column, interstitial water, and sediments were investigated in the large shallow eutrophic Lake Chaohu. Orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were significantly higher in the western part than in the eastern part of the lake, due to different nutrient inputs from the surrounding rivers. Moreover, particulate phosphorus (PP) concentration was in a similar spatial pattern to Ortho-P and TP concentrations, and also showed significantly positive correlation with the biomass of Microcystis, indicating more uptake and store of phosphorus by Microcystis than by other algae. Increase of pH and intensive utilization of P by phytoplankton were the main factors promoting P (especially Fe-P) release from the sediment to interstitial water during the cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Chaohu. Spatial dynamics in TP concentration, P species and adsorption behavior of the sediment, coupled with the statistical analyses, suggested that the spatial heterogeneity of P contents in the sediment was influenced by various factors, e.g. human activities, soil geochemistry and mineral composition. In spite of similar TP contents in the sediments, increase in proportion of Fe-P concentration in the sediment may result in a high risk of P release.     

地震前虎皮鹦鹉(Melopsittacus undelafus L.)叫声的模式识别

近年来,我国多数地震动物观察站(SAOS)监测虎皮鹦鹉(BG=budegerigar)的叫声频度与地震的关系,并取得了一些观测结果。但是,所用的声记录仪未能考虑BG叫声的声学特性,而不能分辨BG不同的叫声和进一步提取震兆性叫声模式(EPCP),并易受到环境噪声的干扰而产生误计数。 据此,分析了BG不同声行为叫声的声学特性。BG叫声大致上可分为单次叫声(SC)、变音调叫声(VTC)、单音节和多音节抗议叫声(MoSPC和MuSPC)。由此,进一步研制了它们的模式识别系统。该系统是以单片机为核心的微处理机,对BG叫声进行预处理、编码、分析、显示和打印输出。 观察结果表明,在高声场旅游飞机噪声(TAN)干扰下,该系统的BG叫声识别率(CRR)为66.7％,而对TAN没有误计数。在含10次不同声强的TAN干扰(432秒)的30分钟内,该系统记录了588次叫声(SC、VTC、MoSPC和SPC分别为377、22、20和169次),仅丢失65次叫声,其CRR平均为90％。但是,SAOS目前使用的声记录仪,这10次TAN干扰所产生的误计数可能约为BGU叫声的2.6—13倍。 由此可见,这种模式识别系统不仅可满足于BG不同叫声的识别,且具有良好的抗噪声功能。这就使之可为地震前BG声行为观测提供更有用的信息。不仅可给出BG叫声频度的昼夜节律变化与地震的关系,并可为揭示BG的EPCP提供一定的依据。     

CT扫描参数优选对辐射防护的贡献

作者参照国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)1991年60号出版物规定的实践中放射防护原则,设计CT扫描中患者及公众放射防护方策,通过优选予置扫描参数和适时扫描参数,降低CT 受检者的辐射剂量,并业已经过辐射测量实验结果的证实。对此,做一介绍。     

内蒙古呼盟地区地震活动的基本特征

通过对内蒙古呼盟地区地震活动的研究,认为呼盟地区震中分布较稳定;存在20年左右地震活动周期;震源机制两节面分布相对比较稳定,P、T轴近水平向;地震破裂是以水平滑动为主。将来呼盟地区的地震活动主体地区为博克图、满洲里一带,震级为5级左右。