A multi-scale 3-D crust velocity model in the Hefei-Chao Lake area around the southern segment of Tanlu Fault Zone

Regional high-precision velocity models of the crust are an important foundation for examining seismic activity, seismogenic environments, and disaster distribution characteristics. The Hefei-Chao Lake area contains the main geological units of Hefei Basin, with thick sediments and the Chao Lake depression. Several major concealed faults of the southern NNE-trending Tanlu Fault Zone cross this area. To further explore the underground distribution characteristics of the faults and their tectonic evolutionary relationship with adjacent tectonic units, this study used ambient noise data recorded by a seismic array deployed in Hefei City and Chao Lake, constructing a 3-D velocity model at the depth of 1–8 km. Then a multi-scale high-resolution 3-D velocity model of this area was constructed by this new upper crustal velocity model with the previous middle and lower crustal model. The new model reveals that a high-velocity belt is highly consistent with the strike of the Tanlu Fault Zone, and a low-velocity sedimentary characteristic is consistent with the Hefei Basin and Chao Lake depression. The distribution morphology of high and low velocity bodies shows that the sedimentary pattern of Hefei-Chao Lake area is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Tanlu Fault Zone since the Mesozoic. This study also identifies multiple low-velocity anomalies in the southeastern Hefei City. We speculate that strong ground motion during the 2009 Feidong earthquake (magnitude of 3.5) was related to amplification by the thick sediments in the Hefei Basin. We also discuss further applications of multi-scale high-resolution models of the shallow layer to strong ground motion simulations in cities and for earthquake disaster assessments.     

东海西南近岸海域污损生物群落特征

于2013年12月~2014年11月在东海西南近岸海域进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录污损生物10门49科69属84种,群落组成以近岸暖水种为主,为典型的亚热带内湾型群落,附着盛期为4–9月,夏季污损生物的附着强度最高。固定生活类型的悬浮物食者是该近岸海域污损生物群落的附着主体,网纹藤壶（Amphibalanus reticulatus）是最主要的优势种和代表种,其它优势种还有长鳃麦杆虫（Caprella equilibra）、中胚花筒螅（Ectopleura crocea）、太平洋侧花海葵（Anthopleura nigrescens）、今岛柄涡虫（Stylochus ijimai）、克氏无襟毛虫（Spirobranchus kraussii）、近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis）、翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）、廉形叶钩虾（Jassa falcata）、强壮板钩虾（Stenothoe valida）、光辉圆扇蟹（Sphaerozius nitidus）和大室别藻苔虫（Biflustra grandicella）等。污损生物群落个体间因附着空间和食物竞争而存在着相互依存或互相制约的关系,又依照对环境因子的适应性而存在着一定的时空分布规律。温度是决定污损生物地理分布的最主要环境因素,物种的温度属性是不同气候带污损生物群落组成差异的本质体现,污损生物的种类数、附着期和附着量与水温有着密切的关系;另外,盐度、水流、光、水产养殖等自然环境或人为因素也是影响污损生物附着的重要影响因子。     

射电选BL Lac（RBLs）天体的观测胜质

本文给出了射电进ＢＬＬａｃ天体的完备样品及它们的观测数据并讨论了它们的各种性质。     

基于杭州偏晚终雪记录的南宋（1131-1270年）气候再推断

本文整理、考订了南宋时期杭州偏晚终雪记录,诊断了此类资料的气候指示意义,进行了各年代不同数量终雪日期值至对应年代平均终雪日期值的转换,进而分析了重建序列所指示的温度变化特征与其他文献证据、气候变化重建结果之间的一致性。结果表明：① 史料记述的杭州偏晚终雪现象系以惊蛰以后为标准,且不包括霰和冰粒类微量降雪类型,其有着明确的气候指示意义（-0.34 oC/10d,R² = 0.37,P<0.001）,可有效用于温度重建。② 基于非线性的波尔兹曼函数,以不同样本量偏晚终雪日期值可有效估算10年平均终雪日期,其外推结果较之线性函数和二项式函数具有更小的不确定性。③ 南宋时期杭州春季的平均温暖程度大致相当于1951-1980年,该时期在百年尺度上可划分为1131-1170年的寒冷期和1171-1270年的温暖期。其中,后一阶段有1181-1200年和1221-1240年两个亚冷期。④ 南宋时期杭州10年平均终雪日期的变化与中国其他地区温度变化的代用证据和重建结果具有较好的一致性,并与太平洋十年涛动的冷暖位相变化比较吻合,这可能说明了中世纪暖期太平洋十年涛动对中国大部分地区气候所具有的共同影响。本文为更深入认识12-13世纪中国东部季风区的气候变化特征提供了新的证据。     

1906-2015年武汉市温度变化序列重建与初步分析

本文利用1906-2015年武汉月平均最高与最低气温资料,重建了过去110年武汉市年平均气温距平序列,分析了其年代际尺度的变化特征。主要结论为：①过去110年武汉市经历了“暖—冷—暖”3个多年代际波动,其中1906-1946年与1994-2015年气候相对温暖,1947-1993年则气候相对寒冷;②在多年代尺度上,武汉市存在多次显著增温和降温过程,其中增温速率最快的30年和50年分别出现在1980-2009年和1960-2009年;最快降温速率则出现在1928-1957年和1925-1974年;③过去110年武汉市年均温发生了3次跃变,其中由冷转暖的跃变出现在20世纪20年代初和90年代中后期,而由暖转冷的跃变则出现在40年代;④武汉市年均温变化与全球/北半球和中国的变化趋势基本一致,但变幅偏大。此外,全球增暖停滞现象在武汉市最近十几年也有所体现。     

南黄海大型潮汐水道动力地貌环境对人类活动响应——以小庙洪水道为例

辐射沙脊群内潮汐水道由于没有固定的边界，其稳定性对人类活动影响更加敏感。通过收集近20年来辐射沙脊群南翼小庙洪海域实测高分辨率水下地形资料，结合数学模型分析研究人类活动对小庙洪海域水动力和地形冲淤累积影响。研究结果表明：近20年来小庙洪水域边滩匡围面积达126.09 km²，边滩匡围导致小庙洪尾部、中部及口门段断面流量分别减小14.2%、15.79%和9.13%；尾部、中部及口门段深槽区平均流速分别减小20~30 cm/s、10~20 cm/s和5~10 cm/s。小庙洪水道南侧-5 m等深线变化幅度较小，基本保持稳定状态；-10 m等深线继续向西延伸，向南拓展。近20年来小庙洪边滩匡围虽导致水道内纳潮量和水动力有所减弱，但由于目前匡围区均处于高滩区域，各匡围工程所引起的泥沙冲淤仅限于工程区附近，对小庙洪水道整体稳定性、深槽主轴南逼、口门水道整体北淤南冲的演变趋势没有产生明显影响。     

Phenylquinolinones with antitumor activity from the Indian Ocean-derived fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus versicolor</Emphasis> Y31-2

Two phenylquinolinones, including one new compound (1) and a previously isolated compound (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fungus Aspergillus versicolor Y31-2, which was obtained from seawater samples collected from the Indian Ocean. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses. 4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma cell line) and SMMC-7721 (human liver cancer cell line) cells with IC₅₀ values of 16.6 and 18.2 μmol/L, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first reported account of the isolation of compounds 1 and 2 as the secondary metabolites of the seawater derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor from the Indian Ocean.     

Spatial variation in annual actual evapotranspiration of terrestrial ecosystems in China: Results from eddy covariance measurements

Understanding the spatial variation in annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) and its influencing factors is crucial for a better understanding of hydrological processes and water resources management. By synthesizing ecosystem-level observations of eddy-covariance flux sites in China (a total of 61 sites), we constructed the most complete AET dataset in China up to now. Based on this dataset, we quantified the statistic characteristics of AET and water budgets (defined as the ratio of AET to annual mean precipitation (MAP), AET/MAP) of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Results showed that AET differed significantly among both different vegetation types and climate types in China, with overall mean AET of 534.7±232.8 mm yr^-1. AET/MAP also differed significantly among different climate types, but there were no distinct differences in AET/MAP values across vegetation types, with mean AET/MAP of 0.82±0.28 for non-irrigated ecosystems. We further investigated how the main climatic factors and vegetation attributes control the spatial variation in AET. Our findings revealed that the spatial variation of AET in China was closely correlated with the geographical patterns of climate and vegetation, in which the effects of total annual net radiation (R _n), MAP and mean annual air temperature (MAT) were dominant. Thus, we proposed an empirical equation to describe the spatial patterns of AET in China, which could explain about 84% of the spatial variation in AET of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Based on the constructed dataset, we also evaluated the uncertainties of five published global evapotranspiration products in simulating site-specific AET in China. Results showed that large biases in site-specific AET values existed for all five global evapotranspiration products, which indicated that it is necessary to involve more observation data of China in their parameterization or validation, while our AET dataset would provide a data source for it.     

致密砂岩储层变岩电参数法饱和度计算模型:以苏里格气田西区盒8段例

致密砂岩储层是油气勘探的重点方向之一,由于致密砂岩储层具有低孔低渗、孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强和岩电参数变化等特点,在测井解释过程中不同于常规储层。Archie公式在致密砂岩地层中使用时,强非均质性导致岩电参数a、b、m和n会随着储层的变化而变化。针对苏里格西区盒₈段致密砂岩储层提出利用变岩电参数建立饱和度模型。依据研究区盒₈段储层25块岩心岩电实验分析发现胶结系数m与lgϕ呈二次函数关系、m与岩性系数a呈幂函数关系、束缚水饱和度S_wb对饱和度指数n有较大的影响。因此,在对孔隙度、束缚水饱和度和孔隙结构指数等因素分析的基础上,综合各因素影响特征建立了变岩电参数的饱和度模型。结果表明,该方法相对传统Archie公式饱和度解释,模型精度更高,为解释复杂孔隙结构砂岩储层提供了一种有效预测方法。