临安地震台阵勘址与场地条件分析

介绍浙江临安地震台阵勘址工作,包括各子台位置关系、区域自然地理与气候条件,着重分析区域大地构造、地质发展史以及测试点位的基岩性质等地质条件,结合岩土工程勘察资料,分析认为选定区域适合地震台阵建设,简述台阵供电与通讯初步设计方案,为后期地震台阵建设提出指导意见。     

岷江上游叠溪古堰塞湖沉积物粒度特征及环境意义

利用古堰塞湖沉积物中连续的地质记录来研究区域过去气候变化规律,这一方法是继通过深海沉积、极地与高山冰芯、黄土、湖泊、洞穴石笋、珊瑚等沉积物中的地质记录来研究全球气候变化途径之后的又一新途径。反映沉积物中环境信息的代用指标有多种,其中粒度特征就是其中一种,它可以反映沉积过程中的古环境、古气候特征。通过该项研究可以建立青藏高原东部边缘(岷江上游叠溪地区)2万年以来的古环境古气候演化规律以及地质环境的演化规律,找到气候环境变化与地质环境演化的相关性。本文采用精细粒度分析和系统粒度分析等方法提取了堰塞湖相沉积物的粒度特征资料,并与已有的冰川湖沉积物的研究成果进行了对比分析。通过精细分析得到了堰塞湖相沉积物多为粉土和黏土;深色沉积物与粗颗粒相对应,浅色沉积物与细颗粒相对应的关系;并结合有机质测试发现:深色沉积物有机质含量多于浅色沉积物,表明粗颗粒土代表的是雨水充沛水动力条件好且植被相对茂盛的气候环境特征,细颗粒土则与其相反;沉积物中深浅交替的纹层厚度约为2～5 cm;这些特征与冰川湖沉积物特征差别很大,因此其代表的气候环境意义也完全不同。通过整个剖面的系统粒度分析得到了整个沉积过程的粒度变化特征,并据此结合年代测试结果将整个沉积剖面划分了7个粒度变化周期,揭示了该沉积过程中该地区经历了7次气候环境的变迁。     

安徽及邻区地震震源深度分布特征研究

选择安徽及邻区观测精度相对较高的地震资料作为样本,统计分析不同空间范围内的震源深度分布特征,初步讨论了震源深度与地质构造,地壳结构的关系。结果表明:安徽及邻区平均震源深度10 km左右。中小地震震源深度在空间分布是不均匀的,大体上从西到东,从南到北逐渐增加,深度优势分布为5～15 km。其中霍山地区震源深度优势分布为5～10 km。总体上,安徽及邻区地震多发生在5～20 km地壳的中上部,为浅源地震。     

安徽阜南综合观测井水位大幅度下降异常原因探讨

安徽省阜南综合观测井(下文简称阜南井)水位于2015年4月20日开始出现大幅度下降变化,至2015年10月9日累计下降1.8 m,之后在低值波动.2016年5月29日,该井水位再次出现下降变化,安徽省地震局随即开展了异常现场核实及相关分析,获得以下认识.     

压性构造对岩溶发育的控制作

笔者等在贵州普定进行野外水文地质调查时发现,这一地区向斜轴部有地下河和溶洞发育,有的沿较大规模的压性断层带发育,其走向与褶皱轴线或压性断层走向一致,对此做了一些探讨和研究。研究结果显示,在构造应力场作用下,岩层变形逐渐加大,继而形成构造形迹—向斜构造,同时伴随发育的压性断裂,在其轴部局部应力场作用下,上部继续受压,下部转为拉张,且产生放射状张裂隙;而规模大的压性断层,如逆断层等,其断层带受强烈挤压破碎,具有隔水作用,断层上盘的拖曳褶皱使岩层中张裂隙发育。该类张性裂隙有利于地下水的赋存、径流和岩溶发育。这是对传统地质构造控制岩溶认识的一个完善和推进。     

第三次全国国土调查工作图斑地类常见认定问题分析

第三次全国国土调查已于2019年全面开展,图斑地类认定是该项工作的重点和难点.本文根据笔者所在单位在华南地区多个项目的实施经验,针对动土、建设用地和闲置用地3类重点图斑中常见的容易判断错误的问题,通过影像图、现场照片对比及国家发布的认定依据进行分析,总结了一套地类认定的规律和经验,有助于三调工作中快速、准确地认定地类,...     

大岗山坝区辉绿岩脉蚀变泥化特征及机理研究

针对大岗山水电站坝区辉绿岩脉蚀变泥化问题,在系统调研和室内试验基础上探讨了蚀变泥化带的空间分布特征、结构构造、矿物学特征及物理力学性质,并结合区域地质环境分析了蚀变泥化岩形成的主要原因。研究表明,坝区SN向辉绿岩脉劈理化强烈,蚀变泥化带发育,且主要集中发育于岩脉与花岗岩接触面及内部强烈劈理化部位。蚀变泥化岩松散易碎,具有塑性高、含水量高、重度低及中等压缩性等物性特征。X衍射和扫描电镜显示蚀变生成了大量的黏土矿物,且具有多孔隙空洞的微观结构特征。富含辉石等暗色矿物和热液交代、多期次的构造挤压错动及浅表生风化作用构成岩脉蚀变泥化的主要原因。     

Middle Yangtze sea-basin over Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition

On the centimeter scale of lithologic change, we conduct poly-statistic analysis on the sedimentary behavior and dynamic features of the stratigraphic sequence from upper Dalong formation to lower Daye formation, which across the Permian-Triassic boundary in East Hubei. From the perspective of stochastically dynamic system, the depositional process of upper Dalong formation can be regarded as a stable Markovian process with weakly stratigraphie correlation and randomly lithologic alteration. Compared to it, the depositional process of lower Daye formation was unstable Markovian process with much closer stratigraphic correlation and ordered lithologic change. As for the replacement style of the sedimental cycle, the former was chaotic, while the latter was periodical. Otherwise, although the overall depositional process of the two formations was continuous, their dynamic characteristics were obviously different. So this P-T sedimental boundary can also be regarded as a dynamic limit. It was a kind of depositional reaction in response to a catastrophic alteration when the geological environment was in continuous change but came over a certain threshold state.     

Final-stage Southward Subduction of the Eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean: Evidence from the Middle Permian Mafic Intrusions in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

The northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC)contains widespread Permian magmatic rocks,but the origin of these rocks remains controversial.This uncertainty hampers us from better understanding of tectonic framework and evolution of the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean,particularly with respect to its final-stage subduction and closure time.To address these questions,this study presents petrological,zircon U-Pb geochronological,whole-rock geochemical and in situ zircon Hf isotopic data for these Permian mafic intrusions in the northern margin of the NCC.Precise zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that these mafic intrusions were emplaced in the Middle Permian(ca.260 Ma).Geochemically,the studied mafic intrusions have high MgO and transition metals element contents,with high Mg^# values,indicating a mantle origin.These mafic intrusions are characterized by enrichments in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs;e.g.,Rb,Ba,and K)and light rare earth elements(LREEs),and depletions in high field strength elements(HFSEs;e.g.,Nb,Ta,and Ti)and heavy rare earth elements(HREEs),indicating that they were formed in a subduction-related setting.These geochemical features,together with zircon ε_Hf(t)values(-1.1 to+11.2),indicate that their parental magmas were derived from partial melting of heterogeneous mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-related fluids,with the contributions of slab sediments.The studied mafic intrusions also show wide range of major and trace elements contents,and variable Mg^# values,Eu and Sr anomalies,suggesting that their parental magmas had undergone variable degrees of fractional crystallization.Together with the E-W trending Permian continental arc along the northern margin of the NCC,we confirm that the generation of the Middle Permian mafic intrusions was related to southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic lithosphere beneath the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean had not closed prior to the Middle Permian.