大九湖泥炭沼泽源铁有机配合物的络合稳定性及其生态环境意义

为了研究泥炭沼泽源铁有机配合物的络合稳定性,利用pH电位滴定法和荧光淬灭滴定法测定了大九湖泥炭沼泽中不同分子量段的DOM和Fe2+、Fe3+的络合稳定常数.pH电位滴定法结果（4.0~6.1）和荧光淬灭滴定法（1.5~4.1）差异较大,这与高pH条件下OH被脱质子化及Fe2+的氧化有关.相对而言,pH滴定法更适用于探究不同分子量段DOM与铁的络合稳定性,荧光淬灭法不改变样品酸碱条件,更适于研究不同价态铁与DOM的络合稳定性.研究结果表明:DOM与Fe3+的络合稳定常数大于Fe2+,低分子量段（< 3 kDa）的DOM与Fe2+、Fe3+的络合稳定常数更大.泥炭沼泽源铁有机配合物具有较好的络合稳定性,分子量相对较小的DOM与铁的络合能力更强.即便Fe2+氧化为Fe3+,仍能与DOM络合并保持较强的稳定性,这有利于陆源溶解性铁向水生态系统的输出.沼泽源铁有机配合物的络合稳定性还会影响铁的生物可利用性.      

基于Sentinel-1和DEM数据的南岭高植被覆盖区地形线性特征提取方法

在南岭高海拔山脉、植被茂密等地区开展地质调查难度大,人员和物资难以进入,因此需提前根据该区域的地形线性特征合理设计野外调查路线;此外地形线性特征可为区域构造运动信息的认知提供辅助知识.遥感技术以其宏观性、多尺度、多层次的特点成为地质研究和地质勘查的重要手段,然而在高植被覆盖区,常见的光学影像难以穿透植被,而微波雷达遥感则因为较好的植被穿透性,使得其应用成为可能.因此,提出了一种基于雷达卫星Sentinel-1和数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）数据的地形线性特征提取方法.该方法首先利用似然比边缘检测算法提取Sentinel-1影像中的边缘特征,然后对DEM进行线性特征增强以生成山体阴影影像,再利用Canny边缘检测算子提取DEM数据中的山脊线与山谷线等主要线性特征,以DEM提取出的特征线为中心建立缓冲区并与雷达影像的提取结果做相交处理,将得到的线性特征利用道格拉斯-普克算法进行局部直线拟合,最后得到研究区的地形线性特征.结果表明,该方法综合考虑了雷达影像的微观细节信息和DEM数据的宏观趋势信息,在保留主要线性地形特征的同时剔除了伪边缘和噪声点,提取效果较好.      

东天山云海铜镍矿地球化学特征及成因分析

云海铜镍矿位于觉罗塔格构造带西段,成矿岩体为多期次侵入的杂岩体,岩体分异演化充分,镁铁质和超镁铁质岩石均有发育,主要岩石类型为角闪辉石岩、橄榄苏长岩、辉长岩、闪长岩。主量元素化学组成表明,该杂岩体属拉斑玄武岩系列,岩石具同源演化特征,显示高铁、高镁、低钛、低铝特征,富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,亏损Nb,Ta,轻稀土富集。岩浆源区有部分熔融而交代的岩石圈地幔,岩浆在上升过程中受到地壳物质混染,发生橄榄石、斜方辉石、斜长石的分离结晶。岩体形成于早二叠世,为构造活动和地幔柱双重作用下的产物。     

土工试验规范变更对膨胀计算和判定的影响

对土工试验方法标准的新旧规范中无荷膨胀率和有荷膨胀率的变化内容进行对比分析,发现两者的计算公式发生显著变化,新规范的计算结果与旧规范相比,膨胀率明显变大,膨胀量随之增大,这将对工程勘察、设计、施工等产生明显影响。以某工程为例,新规范计算后地层总膨胀量由旧规范的16.7 mm变为51.8 mm,增加了2倍左右,地基土的胀缩等级由Ⅰ级变为Ⅱ级,地基基础设计等级由丙级变为乙级,地基处理措施和施工方案随之也发生改变。因此,工程技术人员对此应综合考虑,严谨对待。     

Effect of the Dry Ashing Method on Cadmium Isotope Measurements in Soil and Plant Samples

A dry ashing method is commonly used to remove organic material from samples prior to geochemical analysis. In the course of this study, the Cd isotope ratios of a series of soil and plant reference materials and samples were studied to evaluate the effect of the dry ashing method on measurement results of Cd isotope ratios. The samples were pre‐treated using the dry ashing method and high‐pressure bomb for comparison. The results show that the digestion using high‐pressure bombs did not lead to Cd loss, but using the dry ashing method would cause different proportions of Cd loss. The whole range of Cd isotope difference between two methods was from ?0.07‰ to 3.01‰. There was also an obvious difference in measured Cd isotope ratios from the same leaf sample pre‐treated independently by the dry ashing method, indicating that the amount of Cd loss and the effect on Cd isotope measurement during dry ashing is related to the properties of the samples. Therefore, dry ashing may not be appropriate for the removal of organic material in Cd isotope ratio measurement, especially for samples with high organic contents. The δ^114/110Cd values of reference materials NIST SRM 1573a and GSD‐30 are reported for the first time in this study.     

Numerical characterization of slope rock mass through considerations of hydraulic and mechanical properties

Landslides - In this paper, the slope rock mass is numerically characterized by considering hydraulic and mechanical properties using two distinct element models. The flow rate and permeability are...     

Failure mechanisms and dynamics of the Shanzao rockslide in Yongjia County,China on 10 August 2019

Landslides - At about 04:00 on 10 August 2019, the heavy rainfall carried by Typhoon Lekima induced a catastrophic rockslide in Shanzao Village, Yongjia County, China. The heavy rainfall triggered...     

Movement process analysis of the high-speed long-runout Shuicheng landslide over 3-D complex terrain using a depth-averaged numerical model

Landslides - Flow-like landslide is one of the most catastrophic types of natural hazards due to its high velocity and long travel distance. In 2019, a large catastrophic landslide was triggered by...     

A three-dimensional large-deformation random finite-element study of landslide runout considering spatially varying soil

Landslides - Landslide is a uniquely dynamic large-deformation process that can present serious threat to human lives and infrastructures. The natural soil properties often exhibit inherent spatial...     

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液活动特征

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组存在丰富的热液流体活动。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,利用多种分析测试方法,对四川盆地东部茅口组碳酸盐岩中的热液活动特征进行了探讨。研究区茅口组热液活动包括2类,一类为硅质热液,表现为薄层硅质岩或硅质团块;另一类为碳酸盐型热液,表现为粗晶方解石和白云石充填在张性构造裂缝中或呈"雪片状"集合体,偶见少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物伴生。硅质岩主量元素之间的关系表明硅质来源具有多样性,是热液硅与壳源硅的混合;黄铁矿、闪锌矿原位S同位素δ34S介于-3.91‰~-6.87‰之间,推测可能受到了微生物和基性岩浆岩的双重影响;方解石脉和具鞍状双晶的白云石脉普遍具有Ca O高于标准计量、相对富Sr和U、贫REE和Ti、Ce/Ce*明显负异常、Eu/Eu*主体正异常、Y正异常等特征,表明碳酸盐脉为热液活动的产物,流体来源也呈现出火山活动相关流体与富钙地下水混合的特点。闪锌矿富集Ge和Cd,Zn/Cd及Zn/Fe值反映了中等成矿温度。硅质岩和碳酸盐流体包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,介于54.7~294.3℃之间,与稀土元素和微量元素比值所揭示的特征吻合。研究结果表明,穿层状硅质结核和团块的首次出现往往标志着茅口组热液活动的开始,而张性构造裂缝和碳酸盐型热液活动带来的围岩白云化作用则有效地改善了白云岩储集层的物性。