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桂林-阳朔地区DEM地形特征与岩性相关性分析及分类研究

地形地貌是岩性解译的重要信息,地形因子作为描述DEM数字曲面几何特征的定量指标参数,可用来定量化表达不同岩性所在地区地形地貌特征。本文以桂林-阳朔地区为研究区,研究地形因子数学、地质意义,建立岩性与地形因子组合间的定量关联,进而实现岩石类型划分。本文基于ASTERGDEM提取坡度、起伏度等12个地形因子,在分析各个地形因子地质意义基础上,通过聚类分析及方差分析的多元统计分析方法,研究各岩性地形因子特性及其关联性,建立研究区岩性之间的定量差异;此外,利用因子分析方法研究岩性分类过程中的主导因素,确定适宜岩性分类方法以实现定量化岩性分类。实验结果表明：不同岩性、不同地形地貌的地形因子（组合）之间具有显著差异,基于因子分析得到的宏观地形复杂度指数（MTI）以及微观曲率指数（MCI）对岩石类型的分类精度达77.36%。研究表明,地形复杂度等地形因子可用于岩性分类,采用因子分析方法可获取反映地形地貌宏观、微观特征的定量指标,且岩性分类效果良好。     

三峡库区梁滩河流域水化学与硝酸盐污染

运用水化学和水质分析技术,测定了三峡库区梁滩河流域地表水体和地下水体中的水化学组成和硝酸盐氮含量,揭示了梁滩河流域地表水和地下水水体的水化学组成和硝酸盐污染的空间分布规律、来源及循环过程。结果表明:梁滩河流域地表水的硝酸盐污染表现为沿着地表径流从上游到下游呈现出加重的趋势,这种污染趋势与养殖业、生活和工农业废污水的沿程直接排放有着直接关系;而地下水硝酸盐污染呈现出流域上游和下游较轻、而中游东侧支流区域较重的空间分布特征,这种空间分布特征与地表水体中氨氮和有机氮的含量、地表水与地下水之间的补给排泄关系、厚层土壤包气带的存在以及土地利用状况等因素有着密切的关系。     

Extensional Setting of Hainan Island in Mesoproterozoic: Evidence from Granitic Intrusions in the Baoban Group

The Mesoproterozoic Baoban Group is the oldest basement in Hainan Island and has played an important role in Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent reconstructions. The Mesoproterozoic granitic intrusions in the Baoban Group are the most widely-exposed Precambrian magmatic rocks and are the key to understanding the tectonic settings of Hainan Island and its relationship with the South China Block and the Columbia supercontinent. New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating on three mylonitic granite samples from the Tuwaishan and Baoban areas yield ages ranging from 1447 Ma to 1437 Ma, representing the absolute timing of the emplacement of the granitic intrusions. Combined with previously published geochronological data for rocks from the Baoban Group and regional mafic intrusions, it is concluded that the Baoban Group formed at 1460–1430 Ma, coeval with the emplacement of the granitic and mafic intrusions. New in-situ zircon Lu-Hf isotope analyses for the three mylonitic granite samples yielded positive εHf(t) values, ranging from +0.49 to +8.27, with model ages (TCDM) ranging from 2181 Ma to 1687 Ma, suggesting that the granitic intrusions originated from a mixed source of Paleoproterozoic crust with juvenile crust. New zircon trace element data show characteristics of high Th/U values of 0.24–1.50, steep slopes from LREE to HREE and negative Pr, Eu anomalies with positive Ce, Sm anomalies, representing typical magmatic zircons formed in continental crust. Compared with available magmatic and detrital zircon ages from Precambrian rocks in the Cathaysia Block, Yangtze Block and western Laurentia, it is inferred that Hainan Island was separated from both the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Block, instead being connected with western Laurentia in the Columbia supercontinent. Considering the decreasing tendency of basin deposition time along the western margin of Laurentia, it is proposed that Hainan Island was located to the north or northwest of the Belt-Purcell Supergroup, along the western margin of Laurentia, during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.     

New progress of research on water cycle in atmosphere in China

New progresses are introduced briefly about the water cycle study on atmosphere of China made in recent years. The introduction includes eight aspects as follows: 1) precipitation characteristics, 2) stability of climatic system, 3) precipitation sensitive region, 4) regional evaporation and evapotranspiration, 5) water surface evaporation, 6) vegetation transpiration, 7) cloud physics, and 8) vapor source.     

基于EM算法和单幅雷达图像阴影的控制点坡度校正

对在我国现有的条件下进行控制点坡度校正的必要性进行了阐述,并分析了EM算法。根据EM算法以及基于区域增长的余弦散射模型建立了控制点坡度校正模型,并用河北省张北地区的雷达影像进行了实验,取得了较高的精度初值。     

GPS/GLONASS组合测量误差简介

GLONASS与GPS导航定位技术原理相似，GPS／GLONASS组合测量由于可见卫星数目的增加，可以提高测量的精度、可靠性、完备性。着重介绍了GPS／GLONASS组合测量中的主要误差源及其性质并给出相应的影响量级。     

基于GIS的油气储层综合评价方法研究

通过对现有的商用地理信息系统的分析,剖析了传统的储层综合评价方法及存在的问题。充分利用GIS工具,建立油气储层评价空间数据库,整合各种与储层相关的多学科油田图形信息及其相关属性信息,利用GIS与储层评价模型集成解决油气储层评价问题,扩展了GIS的空间分析功能,实现了油气储层评价的科学性和完备性,并以西部某油田为例进行了实例分析。     

地图学四面体--数字化时代地图学的诠释

传统地图学研究3个关系:实地-地图,读者-地图,读者-实地.这个学科的框架可以称为"地图学三角形".对这三种关系的研究随学科和行业的不同而各有侧重.数字地图的出现扩大了传统地图学的视野和服务面.现代地图学需要面对6个关系的探讨.除了上述3个关系外,还要增加数字地图-地图,数字地图-实地,数字地图-读者3个关系.新的学科框架变成了"地图学四面体".从"三角形"到"四面体"反映了信息时代地图学的发展与变革.地图学的存在取决于人类对地图永恒的需求和地图本身的科学价值.     

基于Voronoi图的空间邻近定义与查询

首先在点Voronoi图的基础上,引进了空间目标的Voronoi图的定义,进而论述了空间目标Voronoi图在GIS中定义空间邻近及其邻近查询中的作用。最后给出了部分实验结果。