土壤质量评价国外研究进展

土壤是人类赖以生存的根本资源。土壤质量涉及到动植物生产力,大气、水的质量和人类的健康,随着人们对自然资源和环境保护意识的增强,越来越多的国家和地区已将土壤质量评价工作作为实现可持续发展的一个重要方面。通过土壤质量评价,了解土壤管理和利用的现状,为土壤质量的改善及可持续利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。根据国外近10年的研究,总结了主要的评价指标体系和评价方法。评价指标主要包括土壤物理、化学和生物性质3个方面的指标。评价方法分为定性和定量评价,定量评价应用较广,包括土壤质量指数、土壤质量模型、多元线性回归、相对土壤质量法等。掌握和了解国外相关研究的动态,对于开展土地质量地球化学评估及土地的分等定级工作有着重要的意义。     

“99.8”山东特大暴雨的螺旋度分析

应用螺旋度理论结合湿度条件对１９９９年８月１１～１２日产生在鲁东南和鲁中北部的大暴雨,特大暴雨天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：暴雨产生在高温、高温和不稳定大气中;５００ｈＰａ以下低层ｋ－螺旋度正值较大。暴雨产生在８５０ｈＰａ螺旋度中心附近。螺旋度的变化对天气系统的移动、发展及暴雨的落区和强度有较好的指示性;螺旋度还反映了大气垂直运动分布特征和旋转状况。     

青岛冷水团的消亡机理研究

本文基于多年月平均水温资料,分析了青岛冷水团的长消过程,并利用气候态月平均大气数据和数值模拟结果,探讨了青岛冷水团的消亡机理。结果表明,青岛冷水团3月出现,4月成型,5月最盛,6月减弱,7月消失;南黄海6-7月间偏南风的增强和温跃层以下反气旋涡的减弱是青岛冷水团消亡的动力机制,而海面净热通量的下传和水平热量的输入则是青岛冷水团消亡的热力机制。     

粤港澳区域联动发展的关键科学问题与重点议题

在新时期新背景下,实现粤港澳区域联动发展具有紧迫性、必要性和重大现实意义。本文认为研究粤港澳区域联动发展需要以区域一体化理论体系、“全球—地方”尺度理论、区域空间相互作用理论体系为主要的理论基础。其关键科学问题是研究“一国两制”下粤港澳尺度的区域联动理论,探索粤港澳区域联动的机制、关键因素、模式与路径;提出了粤港澳区域联动发展关注的4个重点议题：①粤港澳区域一体化/协同理论的研究与探索;②粤港澳地位与作用研究;③粤港澳联动的多尺度、多主体影响机制与模式研究;④粤港澳联动发展的实施路径研究。     

Comparative studies on compounds occluded inside asphaltenes hierarchically released by increasing amounts of H2O2/CH3COOH

Being the heaviest fraction of crude oils, asphaltenes are liable to aggregate, and other molecules in the oils can be steadily adsorbed onto, and even occluded inside the macromolecular structures of the asphaltenes. These occluded compounds inside the asphaltenes can survive over geological time in oil reservoirs owing to effective protection by the macromolecular structures of the asphaltenes. The asphaltenes of a crude oil (ZG31) from the central Tarim Basin, NW China, were hierarchically degraded by increasing the amount of H₂O₂/CH₃COOH to release the occluded compounds. Besides the common components, series of even numbered n-alk-1-enes and 3-ethylalkanes were detected among the occluded compounds. Comparison of the biomarker distributions and the compound-specific C isotopic results between the compounds from the maltenes and those from the occluded fraction, the ZG31 reservoir was suggested to have been charged multiple times, with different charges being derived from different strata of source rocks.     

Statistical study of photospheric bright points in an active region and quiet Sun

Agegraphic dark energy (ADE) and New-ADE models have been introduced as two candidates for dark energy to explain the accelerated expansion phase of the Universe. In spite of a few suitable features of these models some studies have shown that there are several drawbacks in them. Therefore in this investigation a new version of ADE and New-ADE are studied which can improve such drawbacks appearing in the ordinary ADE and New-ADE scenario. In fact we consider an interacting model of scalar field with matter and after re-deriving some cosmological parameters of the model, we find out the best fit for the model. Actually by finding the best fitting for free parameters of the model, we show that our theoretical results are in a good agreement with observational data.     

一次层状云降雨过程多源遥感特征参量演变分析

利用河北省邢台市皇寺国家观测站布设的Ka波段云雷达、微波辐射计和微雨雷达以及地面雨量计等观测资料,对2017年5月3日一次西南涡天气过程的降水云系进行了综合分析,结果表明:本次降水过程为稳定性层状云过程,云内粒子下落速度由高空向地面逐渐增大,第一轮降水出现在云的发展阶段,第二轮降水出现在云的成熟阶段,每次降水开始前云内的相对湿度、水汽含量、液态水含量和温度曲线同时出现跃增和峰值,各指标在降水结束后出现较明显下降,之后得到恢复,出现第二三次峰值并产生降水;利用微波辐射计资料在时间和空间上连续反演计算云中水汽压和冰面饱和水汽压差值场("e—E_i"差值场),当云中过冷水和过冷水汽大值区与"e—E_i"差值场的正值区重合时,冷云中贝吉龙过程较强,有利于精细化定量判断强降水出现和人工增雨潜力区位置,综合以上遥感探测资料分析结果,可以认为本次天气过程有利的人工增雨作业时机出现两次,第一次在13:45降水刚刚开始至云顶下降到6 km前;第二次时间较长,云层条件更为有利,即17:40—21:15云顶高度维持在8~10 km的时段;作业适宜高度为4~8 km(-20~0℃)。     

东北地区城市群组的格局、过程及城市流强度

根据城市群、城市组群及城市群组的内涵指出中国东北地区目前存在辽中南、吉林中部、哈大齐三个城市群组。按照其形成发展过程和现状特征,辽中南已经发育成为成熟的城市群,而吉林中部和哈大齐尚处于城市群发育的中间阶段,即城市组群阶段,从而在东北地区形成了"一群二组"的空间结构框架。通过对东北地区城市群组外向功能量和城市流强度的计算发现,群组内部尚未出现主要外向服务部门区位熵均大于1的城市,与国内发达城市群的发展水平相距较远。未来发展应该围绕城市群组的组织结构、网络化发展模式、职能分工与功能互补、发展关系协调等方面进一步调控和优化。     

Spatial-temporal patterns of China’s interprovincial migration, 1985-2010

Migration plays an increasing role in China's economy since mobility rose and economic restructuring has proceeded during the last three decades. Given the background of most studies focusing on migration in a particular period, there is a critical need to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of migration. Using bicomponent trend mapping technique and interprovincial migration data during the periods 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, and 2005-2010 we analyze net-, in-, out-migration intensity, and their changes over time in this study. Strong spatial variations in migration intensity were found in China's interprovincial migration, and substantial increase in migration intensity was also detected in eastern China during 1985-2010. Eight key destinations are mostly located within the three rapidly growing economic zones of eastern China (Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region), and they are classified into three types: mature, emerging, and fluctuant origins, while most key origins are relatively undeveloped central and western provinces, which are exactly in accordance with China's economic development patterns. The results of bicomponent trend mapping indicate that, in a sense, the migration in the south was more active than the north over the last three decades. The result shows the new changing features of spatial-temporal patterns of China's interprovincial migration that Fan and Chen did not find out in their research. A series of social-economic changes including rural transformation, balanced regional development, and labor market changes should be paid more attention to explore China's future interprovincial migration.     

环胶州湾公路海上段汽车尾气的环境影响

对类比路段进行连续模拟试验,进行现场调查,给出汽车尾气主要污染物的排污强度,预测了汽车尾气中CO、C_nH_m和NO_x的扩散范围。