南天山西段及交汇区介质品质因子Q值特征研究

利用2009~2013年间新疆数字地震台网中12个地震台所记录的34个地震事件的数字地震波形资料,以南天山西段及交汇区作为研究区,采用3段几何衰减模型及Atkinson联合反演方法对地震波形资料进行非弹性衰减研究,得出介质品质因子Q(f)与频率的关系:Q(f)=337f0.577。为验证不同时段的地震事件对Q(f)计算结果是否有影响,将上述研究中2009年发生的前24个事件保持不变,对后10个事件做3次更换研究,分别得到介质品质因子Q(f)与频率的关系:Q(f)=329f0.565;Q(f)=324f0.520;Q(f)=363f0.526。结果表明不同时段内的地震事件对Q(f)值的影响不大,采用Atkinson联合反演方法计算介质品质因子Q(f)较为稳定、可靠。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠塔中地区春夏季风蚀起沙研究

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区的观测资料,对塔中地区春夏季地表土壤风蚀起沙的临界摩擦速度及其变化特征和起沙风速进行了分析研究,并计算了2008年4月19日和7月19日两次沙尘暴天气过程沙漠地表的风蚀起沙量。结果表明:塔中地区春夏季地表起沙的临界摩擦速度为0.26 m·s-1;2 m高度的临界起沙风速约为4.1 m·s-1;两次沙尘暴过程的顺风向沙粒通量和垂直尘粒通量的平均值分别为17.44×10-4 kg·m-1·s-1 、13.8×10-8 kg·m-2·s-1、164.69×10-4 kg·m-1·s-1和799.77×10-8 kg·m-2·s-1;沙尘通量的变化与风速及摩擦速度的变化具有一致性。     

2008年10月5日新疆乌恰6．8级地震强震动特征简析

对新疆乌恰6．8地震中新疆强震台网记录的加速度数据进行了常规处理分析,介绍了如何使用近场强震观测资料研究地面运动特征,并简介了强震观测资料在抗震工程设计和抗震减灾中的作用。     

Applications of parallel processing to astrodynamics

Parallel processing is being used to improve the catalog of earth orbiting satellites and for problems associated with the catalog. Initial efforts centered around using SIMD parallel processors to perform debris conjunction analysis and satellite dynamics studies. More recently, the availability of cheap supercomputing processors and parallel processing software such as PVM have enabled the reutilization of existing astrodynamics software in distributed parallel processing environments, Computations once taking many days with traditional mainframes are now being performed in only a few hours. Efforts underway for the US Naval Space Command include conjunction prediction, uncorrelated target processing and a new space object catalog based on orbit determination and prediction with special perturbations methods.GRC International, Colorado Springs, currently located at Naval Laboratory     

Interpolation of TC02 data on a 1° × 1° grid throughout the water column below 500 m depth in the Atlantic Ocean

We have combined the available total CO₂, temperature, salinity and oxygen data from the TTO, SAVE and WOCE programs in the Atlantic Ocean to parameterize TCO₂ below 500 m depth as a function of potential temperature, salinity and apparent oxygen utilization. We then use the Levitus data set of temperature, salinity and oxygen to compute the TCO₂ profiles at the resolution of the Levitus data set on a 1° × 1° grid with a vertical resolution of 33 layers, more densely spaced in the upper 1500 m than below. Depending on the method used to interpolate the data (along isopycnals or vertically by station), the estimated random uncertainty of the computed TC0₂ values in the Atlantic Ocean throughout the water column below the wintertime mixed layer depth ranges from ± 7.1 μmol kg⁻¹ to t 5.9 μmol kg⁻¹.     

1962—2007年新疆塔城白杨河流域气候变化对水文情势的影响

通过气温、降水和径流等水文气象要素的对比,分析了新疆塔城白杨河流域在气候转型条件下水文特性的变化特征.结果表明:1962—2007年46a白杨河流域的额敏站气温以0.53℃·(10a)-1的速度增暖,降水量以8.5mm·(10a)-1的速度增加;和布克赛尔站则以0.35℃·(10a)-1的速度增暖,年降水量以6.4mm·(10a)-1的速度增加.额敏与和布克赛尔两站46a的年升温率远高于北疆平均增温率,白杨河流域气候有向暖湿型转化的趋势.白杨河流域主要补给为积雪融水,多年平均出山年径流量为2.393×108m3,46a来年径流量以10×106m3·(10a)-1的速率增加.白杨河径流量与额敏、和布克赛尔两站年降水量有着明显的正相关性;但与额敏、和布克赛尔两站年气温有着不明显的反相关性,说明白杨河流域径流量对气候变化有着明显的响应.     

气候变化对天山北坡奎屯河高山区地表径流的影响

采用奎屯河流域的乌苏、沙湾气象站1960—2009年50 a来的气温、降水量资料和奎屯河将军庙水文站的降水量、径流量资料,分析了气温、降水、冰川等变化对奎屯河出山口地表径流的影响.结果表明:将军庙水文站年降水变化与径流量呈显著正相关;尽管气温呈上升趋势,但年径流与平原地区和出山口的气温相关不很密切,气温可通过影响蒸发增加山区消耗水量,减少径流.然而,气温变暖会加剧冰雪消融,使冰川退缩变薄,特别是消耗冰川积累量来增加河川径流.在奎屯河出山口地表年径流量中,与20世纪80年代相比,冰川径流增加了5.7%,多年平均情况下消耗冰川积累的融水径流约占冰川径流的30%.同时,随气候变化的极值化,要注意高山地区降水减少和汛期气温降低引起河川径流减少,降水、气温高值引起的年径流增大与洪水危害,以及引起河川径流的年际变幅增大,并对水利工程造成的影响.有关气候变化对河川径流定量预测有待今后进一步探讨.     

An investigation into the removal of oil from rock utilising magnetic particle technology

The application of magnetic particle technology to environmental remediation has tended to focus, up to now, upon the removal of oil contamination from plumage and fur. The present research demonstrates the potential of this technology to remove oil contamination from the surface of rock. Specifically, a single treatment has been demonstrated to remove more than 80% by weight of heavy bunker oil from the surface of a common foreshore rock type. A further three treatments have been shown to result in an optimum removal of up to 94% by weight. The results are highly reproducible and offer the possibility of achieving up to 100% removal with the appropriate use of pre-conditioners.     

干旱区典型绿洲热场分布规律研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

利用Landsat 7 ETM+遥感资料热红外波段定量反演晴空状态下夏季干旱区典型绿洲地表真实温度,运用影像叠加分析、直方图比对、缓冲区分析和空间自相关分析及剖面线分析等方法,分析其热场分布规律.结果表明:绿洲热场分布具有显著正空间自相关特性,Moran's值为0.5489,z值为48.44,同时呈现出显著的局部空间集...     

1982～2010年喀什木本植物物候变化与气候变化的关系

利用喀什国家基准气候站1982～2010年的气象观测数据和地面物候观测资料,采用气候倾向率和气候趋势系数方法,分析气温、降水、日照时数的变化特征以及其对新疆常见的5种木本树种物候期的影响.结果表明:近29年来喀什气候增暖,气温、降水量和日照时数等基本气象要素的增加趋势较明显,年平均气温和年总降水量的增幅分别为0.37～1.10℃/10a和12.14mm/10a;以季节而言,在春季气温和日照时数的升幅最大,降水量在秋季较明显.这种气候变暖的趋势与5种树物候期有密切相关,春季气温和春季日照时数的增多使物候期提前,而秋季的降水量促进木本植物的生长,使物候期延迟.