Geochemische Untersuchungen an Sedimenten des Persischen Golfes

The data obtained can be summed up in 6 points:

1. The sediment consists of varying amounts of quartz (14–23 weight percent, mean value 18%), aragonite, dolomite, Mg-rich calcite, Mg-poor calcite, Na-rich plagioclase (7–10%, m.v. 8%), chlorite (18–32%, m.v. 22%), kaolinite (4–29%, m.v. 13%), illite and mixedlayered illite-montmorillonite (20–42%, m.v. 34%) and organic matter (0.7–2.5%, m.v. 1.1%).
2. The composition of the carbonate fraction suggests a detrital origin for the carbonates deposited along the Persian Coast.
3. The clay mineral distribution follows gradients perpendicular to the long half-axis of the Persian Gulf. This favours detrital origin. The kaolinite distribution suggests an additional detritus from Euphrates and Tigris,
4. Enrichments of trace elements with regard to mean values in clays (Turekian and Wedepohl, 1961) are estimated for Fe, Co, Mo, Ni, V, Zr and Br; impoverishments are recorded for Cu, Mn, K. The contents of Rb, Ti and Zn comply with mean values of clays. The enrichments distribute as follows: chlorite concentrates Mn and Fe, kaolinite Ti and Zr, illite and mixedlayered illite-montmorillonite Rb, V, M, Zn, Mo and Co.
5. The high Br-contents (up to 420 ppm) in the sediment give positive correlations with the concentrations of organic carbon. The X-ray analysis of isolated kerogen confirms an enrichment of Br in this fraction of the organic matter.
6. The distribution of elements in the sediment to a large extent is controlled by a) detritus of Euphrates and Tigris, b) influence of organic matter.

     

Oberrheinisches Grundgebirge und Rheingraben

Zusammenfassung Anstelle des Rheingrabens befand sich während der variszischen Faltung eine von Blattverschiebungen durchsetzte Scherzone. Sie diente granitischen und gabbroiden Intrusiva sowie den Vulkaniten des Rotliegenden als bevorzugte Aufstiegsbahn. Vorzerklüftet und isostatisch unkompensiert behielt der Krustenspan bis zum Mitteldogger seinen kratonischen Zustand, gehalten von der Klammer variszischer Konsolidation. Vom Mitteleozän an hatten neuerliche Blattverschübe das basale Kluftgitter für die vertikale Grabentektonik vollends gangbar gemacht. Keilförmig trieb sich der Lineamentkörper in die Kruste vor, junge Füllmassen einsaugend und die Grabenschultern isostatisch aufstemmend. Die randlichen Widerlager wurden auseinandergetrieben, wodurch Raum für die sich steigernde Taphrogenese und den im Aquitan folgenden antithetischen Zerfall der Grabenscholle geschaffen wurde. Der dem aufwallenden basaltischen Substrat entspringende Grabenvulkanismus bildete den Höhepunkt krustaler Zerspaltung.

---

The Rhine-Graben is preceded by Hercynian transcurrent faulting favouring intrusion and extrusion of granitic and gabbroide plutonites and lower Permian extrusives. Though fractured and isostatically out of balance, the Rhine-block remained cratonic until Middle-Dogger times on account of its "Hercynian" nature. From middle-Eocene times on, renewed transcurrent movements facilitated dip-slip movements along the graben-edge-faults. The Rhine block, sucked down the young fill and isostatically buckled the graben edges. Marginal buttresses were driven apart; they gave room for increasing thaphrogenesis and for anti-thetic collapse during Aquitanian times. Basaltic graben volcanism underlined the peak of tectonic activity.

---

Résumé Lors du plissement varisque, il y eut à l'endroit du fossé rhénan, une zone d'écailles; celle-ci favorisa la montée de roches intrusives granitiques et gabbroïques ainsi que de volcanites du Rotliegend. Préalablement fracturée et dans un état isostatique non compensé, cette zone d'écaillés conserva son état cratonique jusqu'au Dogger moyen, enserrée entre des masses de consolidation varisque. A partir de l'Eocène moyen, de nouveaux déplacements des écailles préparèrent le réseau de fissures pour une tectonique verticale en fossé. Un segment linéamentaire s'enfonça en coin dans l'écorce, déterminant l'aspiration de nouvelles masses de remplissage et la montée isostatique des compartiments flanquant latéralement le fossé. Les contreforts ont été écartés les uns des autres, ce qui a fourni l'espace pour la taphrogenèse et pour la fragmentation antithétique du massif affaisé qui s'est produite à l'Aquitanien.La fissuration crustale a atteint son point culminant avec le volcanisme à caractère basique qui a fait éruption dans le fossé.

---

, - , . , . .

     

Die Bedeutung der Strömung für die Biozönose in Rhithron und Potamon

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zum Tode von August Schmauß

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Susceptibility analysis for slides and rockfall: an example from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Vorarlberg, Austria)

In this paper a tool for semi-quantitative susceptibility assessment at a regional scale is presented which is applicable at areas with complex geological setting. At a study area within the Northern Calcareous Alps geotechnical mappings were implemented into a Geographical Information System and analysed as grid data with a cell size of 25 m. The susceptibility to sliding and falling processes was considered according to five classes (very low, low, medium, high, very high). Susceptibility to sliding was analysed using an index method. The layers of lithology, bedding conditions, tectonic faults, slope angle, slope aspect, vegetation and erosion were combined iteratively. Dropout zones of rockfall material were determined with help of a Digital Elevation Model. The movement of rolling rock samples was modelled by a cost analysis of all potential rockfall trajectories. These trajectories were also divided into five susceptibility classes. The susceptibility maps are presented in a general way to be used by communities and spatial planners. Conflict areas of susceptibility and landuse were located and can be presented destinctively.     

Relativistic astrometry

Concepts of relativistic astrometry — such as Weyl's stellar compass or the concept of flat-space plus forces — are discussed. To visualize effects from light deflection pictures showing the stellar sky as seen from the vicinity of a strongly gravitating source are presented.Communication presented at the International Conference on Astrometric Binaries, held on 13–15 June, 1984, at the Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Germany, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784–1846).     

A Surface-Layer Study of the Transport and Dissipation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and the Variances of Temperature,Humidity and CO$$_$$

We discuss scalar similarities and dissimilarities based on analysis of the dissipation terms in the variance budget equations, considering the turbulent kinetic energy and the variances of temperature, specific humidity and specific CO\(_2\) content. For this purpose, 124 high-frequency sampled segments are selected from the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence experiment. The consequences of dissipation similarity in the variance transport are also discussed and quantified. The results show that, for the convective atmospheric surface layer, the non-dimensional dissipation terms can be expressed in the framework of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and are independent of whether the variable is temperature or moisture. The scalar similarity in the dissipation term implies that the characteristic scales of the atmospheric surface layer can be estimated from the respective rate of variance dissipation, the characteristic scale of temperature, and the dissipation rate of temperature variance.     

Green and Sustainable Commercial Property Supply in Malaysia and Nigeria

The aim of this study is to identify the predictive factors and variables that motivate decisions to supply sustainable or green commercial properties, and to apply discriminant analysis technique to assess if there are significant differences in perception between real estate developers in Malaysia and Nigeria based on the identified variables. The result revealed a significant discriminant function differentiating the two countries based on their perception of the variables. The motivational components and attributes were found to be in favor of Malaysia. The Wilks' lambda F‐test and the standardized discriminant function coefficients, showed that there were significant differences between developers in both countries as assessed by the life‐cycle cost motivations, green policies and certification, market strategy, developers expected rate of return, green tax incentive, and available green skills. However, the variables with the most predictive power in accounting for the differences were found to be within the measures of life‐cycle, cost‐saving motivations.