厦门海域沉积物中的重金属及其潜在生态风险

对厦门海域沉积物中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg,As的全量进行了分析,同时采用BCR连续提取法对粉砂和粘土组分(小于63μm组分)中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr进行了形态提取。探讨了重金属在各海域的分布特征及近25a来的含量变化,并采用Lars Hakanson指数法对重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:粉砂和粘土组分中重金属含量大于沉积物中的总含量,沉积物平均粒径越大,差异越明显。25a来的统计资料分析显示,研究海域水体环境逐渐改善,沉积物中大多数重金属都处于历史较低水平。沉积物重金属潜在生态风险研究发现,沉积物中重金属的不同分析方法及背景值的选择标准对其潜在生态风险评价结果具有重要影响。     

Characteristics of platinum-group elements in basalts from spreading axis of Mariana Trough

Total platinum-group elements (PGEs) abundances in basalts from the spreading axis of Mariana Trough ranged from 0.418×10~(-9) to 1.022×10~(-9), and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns are of positive slope showing the relative enrichment of PPGE (platinum,palladium,rhodium) and gold relative to IPGE. Compared with other mantle-originated rocks, these basalts have lower PGE contents and wider ranges of primitive mantle-normalized ratios of palladium content to iridium one,palladium content to platinum one and palladium content to gold one exhibiting relative platinum and iridium depletion. Characteristics of PGE patterns indicated that the studied Mariana Trough basalts originated from low partial melting, and the MORB mantle beneath the spreading center had been contaminated by the arc-island mantle. In the aspect of trace elements, Mariana Trough basalts showed the enrichment of LILE, lead and LREE, indicating that they had been influenced by subduction compositions. All these demonstrated that Mariana Trough basalts are products of partial melting from a mixed mantle (the contamination of MORB mantle by arc-island mantle).     

西南印度洋中脊海底热液活动

在超慢速扩张的西南印度洋中脊(SWIR)发现现代海底热液活动改变了人们的传统观点,有助于进一步深化时全球热液活动系统的认识.对西南印度洋中脊地质构造背景、玄武岩和超镁铁质岩的地球化学特征,以及热液活动的特点进行较为系统地分析.指出:独特的地质构造环境使西南印度洋中脊成为研究现代海底热液活动、地球圈层问相互作用所导致的物...     

A study of soil water movement combining soil water potential with stable isotopes at two sites of shallow groundwater areas in the North China Plain

In the shallow groundwater areas of the North China Plain (NCP), precipitation infiltration and evapotranspiration in the vertical direction are the main processes of the water cycle, in which the unsaturated zone plays an important role in the transformation process between precipitation and groundwater. In this paper, two typical sites in Cangzhou (CZ) and Hengshui (HS) of Hebei province with shallow water tables were selected to analyse the relationship among precipitation, soil water and groundwater. At each site, precipitation, soil water at depths 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100, 150, 200, 300 cm, and groundwater were sampled to analyse the stable isotope compositions of hydrogen and oxygen. The soil water potentials at the corresponding depths were observed. Although the climates at the two sites are similar, there are some differences in the infiltration process, soil water movement and groundwater recharge sources. Evaporation occurred at the upper depths, which led to the decrease of soil potential and the enrichment of heavy isotopes. At the CZ site, precipitation infiltrated with piston mode, and an obvious mixture effect existed during the infiltration process. Preferential flow may exist in the soil above 100 cm depth. However, at the HS site soil water moved in piston mode, and groundwater was mainly recharged by precipitation. When precipitation recharged the groundwater it experienced a strong evaporation effect. The results of the soil water movement mechanism provides the transformation relationship among precipitation, soil water and groundwater in the middle and eastern NCP. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The characteristics of gully erosion over rolling hilly black soil areas of Northeast China

In this study, short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area, using differential global positioning system (GPS). With the support of geographic information system (GIS), multi-temporal digital elevation models (DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis. Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM, we discussed the erosion–deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed. The results are: (1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m, gully area extended 170–400 m2, net gully eroded volume 220–320 m3,and gully erosion modulus 2200–4800 t?km?2?a?1. (2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly, and its erosion parameters are relatively large. The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy, but also with the growth phase. (3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters. The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season. (4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China. The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004, and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m. (5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt, gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring. There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season, which can almost happen throughout the gully, while erosion mostly occurs near head, esp. for gullies having a relatively long history of development. On the other hand, the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season. It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions.     

Post‐Synthesis of Ti‐SBA‐15 in Supercritical CO2‐Ethanol Solution

Ti‐SBA‐15 materials with Ti incorporated into the framework of SBA‐15 and controllable Ti contents were successfully prepared via a post‐treatment route in supercritical CO₂‐ethanol solution, followed by calcination. The resultant Ti‐SBA‐15 materials were characterized by means of different techniques including X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, IR analysis, and N₂ sorption analysis. It was demonstrated that the resultant materials retained a structure similar to that of the parent SBA‐15, and Ti was incorporated into the framework of SBA‐15. At high Ti content, i.e, Si/Ti = 5:1, a TiO₂ phase formed and was coated onto the inner surface of SBA‐15 in addition to the incorporation of the Ti in the framework. The BET surface areas of the Ti‐SBA‐15 samples decreased with increasing Ti content. The presence of small amounts of H₂O in the reaction medium may have resulted in some TiO₂ nanoparticles being uniformly distributed in the pores of the SBA‐15 accompanying the incorporation of Ti in the SBA‐15 framework.     

地图制图模板管理系统设计与实现

地图制图是GIS基本功能,目前的业务应用系统制图功能都针对具体业务应用系统进行定制开发,系统的灵活性、重用性差。基于ArcGISEngine开发实现了地图制图模板管理系统,为GIS地图制图输出服务,提高了地图制图输出的效率。系统采用参数化设计思想进行地图制图模板定制,采用数据库管理系统进行模板的管理和维护,经运行测试,系统能满足大部分GIS应用系统中地图制图的功能需求。     

多媒体教学在GPS定位原理课程上的应用

多媒体教学作为现代教育的一种手段在高校课堂日益普及,通过对GPS定位原理课程如何合理应用多媒体CAI教学技术进行研究,从讲授、听课、教学效果和课件制作几个方面进行讨论,以满足课程理论性和实践性强的特点,达到提高听课效率的目的。     

班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带时空结构——特提斯大洋地质及演化问题

班公湖—双湖—怒江（中北段）—昌宁—孟连对接带广泛出露特提斯大洋岩石圈俯冲消减过程中产生的不同时代、不同构造环境、不同变质程度、不同变形样式的洋板块构造地层系统、增生混杂的构造—岩石组合体,可识别出增生的远洋沉积岩、海沟浊积岩、古生代—中生代蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩、洋岛-海山消减增生楔、洋底沉积增生杂岩,基底残块以及以蓝片岩、榴辉岩为代表的高压—超高压变质岩带,记录了青藏高原原古特提斯大洋形成演化的地质信息。班公湖—双湖—怒江—昌宁—孟连对接带是青藏高原中部一条重要的原古特提斯大洋自北向南后退式俯冲消亡的巨型增生杂岩带,构筑了冈瓦纳大陆与劳亚-泛华夏大陆分界带。     

滇西澜沧岩群钠长浅粒岩锆石U- Pb测年、Hf同位素组成及构造意义

澜沧岩群位于滇西“三江”地区的昌宁—孟连结合带,是研究特提斯造山带重要组成部分。本文对双江地区出露的钠长浅粒岩进行锆石U- Pb定年、Hf同位素及岩石地球化学分析,讨论了岩石的成因和形成时代,以及大地构造演化。利用LA- ICP- MS对钠长浅粒〖JP2〗岩中具有典型岩浆震荡环带的锆石U- Pb定年,获得了206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为476. 5±1. 6Ma,形成时代为早奥陶世(O1)。Hf同位素原位分析获得锆石εHf(t)值为-5. 6～-2. 2,TDMc年龄为1591～1802Ma,表面源区物质形成于早元古代晚期—中元古早期古老地壳物质的部分熔融。岩石地球化学分析,钠长浅粒岩的原岩为花岗闪长岩,具有高硅SiO2=67. 89%～68. 91%、富铝Al2O3=14. 48%～15. 14%、高钾钙碱性过铝质S型花岗岩特征;轻稀土富集,整体呈“右”倾型;δEu值介于0. 60～0. 64之间,呈现强Eu负异常,表明斜长石从岩浆中结晶分离。分析认为,钠长浅粒岩的原岩应特为昌宁—孟连特提斯洋在弧—陆碰撞阶段形成的岛弧花岗岩,与奥陶纪惠民岩组火山岩具有相同的大地构造背景;随着特提斯洋俯冲消减进入陆内挤压阶段,岛弧花岗岩呈俯冲增生杂岩拼贴到昌宁—孟连结合带与临沧花岗岩带之间,组成了澜沧岩群构造岩片。