Mining Association Rules in Spatio-Temporal Data: An Analysis of Urban Socioeconomic and Land Cover Change

This research demonstrates the application of association rule mining to spatio‐temporal data. Association rule mining seeks to discover associations among transactions encoded in a database. An association rule takes the form A→B where A (the antecedent) and B (the consequent) are sets of predicates. A spatio‐temporal association rule occurs when there is a spatio‐temporal relationship in the antecedent or consequent of the rule. As a case study, association rule mining is used to explore the spatial and temporal relationships among a set of variables that characterize socioeconomic and land cover change in the Denver, Colorado, USA region from 1970–1990. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)‐based data pre‐processing is used to integrate diverse data sets, extract spatio‐temporal relationships, classify numeric data into ordinal categories, and encode spatio‐temporal relationship data in tabular format for use by conventional (non‐spatio‐temporal) association rule mining software. Multiple level association rule mining is supported by the development of a hierarchical classification scheme (concept hierarchy) for each variable. Further research in spatio‐temporal association rule mining should address issues of data integration, data classification, the representation and calculation of spatial relationships, and strategies for finding ‘interesting’ rules.     

南极中山站以南地区冰面高程信息的提取

在实地高程控制点与热红外影像上同名像点的辐射亮度值间建立函数关系，从Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ４ＴＭ６影像上提取出中山站附近冰面的高程信息，并绘制成冰面地形图。     

对“3S”集成技术的一些认识

本文从遥感，地理信息系统和全球定位系统的产生与发展过程，论述了它们走向集成化的必然趋势，说明了“３Ｓ”信息集成技术的涵意；介绍了它的应用领域，最后提出了作者对发展我国以“３Ｓ”集成技术为支撑的地理信息产业应采取的对策的建议。     

网点印刷颜色再现物理模型

本文在讨论网点印刷呈色机理的基础上，提出四色版印刷时，用概率统计中的回归分析方法，修正Ｎｅｕｇｅｂａｕｅｒ方程，建立颜色再现物理模型。     

磁记录材料的防霉

本文分析了磁记录材料长霉的原因和危害，介绍了防霉的试验过程以及防霉剂的应用效果。     

航空影像与TM影像的配准及用航空影像对TM进行作物估产方法的精度检验

人们总是期望用较高分辨率的遥感影像来检验或评价相对低分辨率的遥感影像的分类结果的正确性，比如用航空影像检验ＴＭ的分类结果，用ＴＭ影像检验ＮＯＡＡ的分类结果。然而进行检验的首要关键的问题是将两幅不同分辨率的遥感影像在空间准确配准。事实证明，在空间域进行强制叠合是不成功的，因为二者没有可比的共同基准。两物相比必须要有一个共同的基础，作者认为遥感影像的空间频谱是一个较好的可以相互比较的基础，人们可以设法使空间尺度不同的两幅遥感影像在空间频谱上具有一致性，也就是说对相对高分辨率的影像进行适当的低通滤波而粗化，并通过它与相对的低分辨率的遥感影像进行错动，求取相关系数值，当相关系数达到最大值时可被认为是最佳的配准状况。本文以１：１００００的黑白航空像片为准，对应用ＴＭ影像估算冬小麦播种面积的精度进行了对比检验。结果表明，在传统的监督分类，Ｋ－Ｔ变换或混合像元分解方法中，混合像元分解方法的精度最高。     

Response of GPS occultation signals to atmospheric gravity waves and retrieval of gravity wave parameters

We show that the amplitude of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals in the radio occultation (RO) experiments is an indicator of the activity of the gravity waves (GW) in the atmosphere. The amplitude of the GPS RO signals is more sensitive to the atmospheric wave structures than is the phase. Early investigations used only the phase of the GPS occultation signals for statistical investigation of the GW activity in the height interval 10–40 km on a global scale. In this study, we use the polarization equations and Hilbert transform to find the 1-D GW radio image in the atmosphere by analyzing the amplitude of the RO signal. The radio image, also called the GW portrait, consists of the phase and amplitude of the GW as functions of height. We demonstrate the potential of this method using the amplitude data from GPS/Meteorology (GPS/MET) and satellite mission Challenge Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) RO events. The GW activity is nonuniformly distributed with the main contribution associated with the tropopause and the secondary maximums related to the GW breaking regions. Using our method we find the vertical profiles of the horizontal wind perturbations and its vertical gradient associated with the GW influence. The estimated values of the horizontal wind perturbations are in fairly good agreement with radiosonde data. The horizontal wind perturbations v(h) are ±1 to ±5 m s with vertical gradients dv/dh ±0.5 to ±15 m s km at height 10–40 km. The height dependence of the GW vertical wavelength was inferred through the differentiation of the GW phase. Analysis of this dependence using the dispersion relationship for the GW gives the estimation of the projection of the horizontal background wind velocity on the direction of the GW propagation. For the event considered, the magnitude of this projection changes between 1.5 and 10 m s at heights of 10–40 km. We conclude that the amplitude of the GPS occultation signals contain important information about the wave processes in the atmosphere on a global scale.     

图象分割中随机噪音的影响

该文在生成的灰度图象上加上随机噪音，用最大后验（ＭＡＰ）估计方法、模糊Ｃ－均值方法和Ｏｔｓｕ阈值方法进行了分割计算，对结果进行了对比分析，绘出了分割随噪音的标准差变化曲线，对噪音图象使用了不同的滤波方法处理之后，并进行计算。     

PS-600四波束测深仪在扫海探测中的应用

全覆盖高精度扫海测量已成为近海工程测量的主攻方向,精密扫海测深仪的研制日益受到各沿海国家的重视。日本KAIJO公司于90年代初推出了PS-600四波束扫海测深仪,该仪器具有覆盖面宽,精度高的特点,体现了世界测深仪的最新研制水平。本文对PS-600的性能特点作了分析,结合在中国大连港口的试验,对PS-600用于近海工程扫海测量的有关问题进行了探讨,得出一些有益的结论。     

Geospatial technologies for Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a brief overview of the geospatial technologies developed and applied in Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions. Photogrammetric mapping techniques were used to produce topographic products of the landing site with meter level resolution using orbital images before landing, and to produce centimeter-resolution topographic products in near real-time after landing. Visual positioning techniques were used to determine the locations of the two landers using descent images and orbital basemaps immediately after landing. During surface operations, visual-positioning-based rover localization was performed routinely at each waypoint using Navcam images. The topographic analysis and rover localization results directly supported waypoint-to-waypoint path planning, science target selection and scientific investigations. A GIS-based digital cartography system was also developed to support rover teleoperation.