http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711200031X

Upper Paleozoic coal measures in the Ordos Basin consist of dark mudstone and coal beds and are important source rocks for gas generation.Gas accumulations include coal-bed methane（CBM）, tight gas and conventional gas in different structural areas.CBM accumulations are mainly distributed in the marginal area of the Ordos Basin,and are estimated at 3.5×10¹² m³.Tight gas accumulations exist in the middle part of the Yishan Slope area,previously regarded as the basin-centered gas system and now considered as stratigraphic lithologic gas reservoirs.This paper reviews the characteristics of tight gas accumulations:poor physical properties(porosity < 8%,permeability < 0.85×10^-3μm²),abnormal pressure and the absence of well-defined gas water contacts.CBM is a self-generation and selfreservoir, while gas derived from coal measures migrates only for a short distance to accumulate in a tight reservoir and is termed near-generation and near-reservoir.Both CBM and tight gas systems require source rocks with a strong gas generation ability that extends together over wide area.However,the producing area of the two systems may be significantly different.     

Litter dynamics and forest structure of the introduced Sonneratia caseolaris mangrove forest in Shenzhen, China

For the purpose of mangrove restoration in China, Sonneratia caseolaris has been introduced and planted in Guangdong Province outside and north of its native habitat, Hainan Province. We monitored the litter fall and forest structure of this S. caseolaris forest in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, from 1996 to 2005. The annual fluctuation in litter fall increased with increases in air temperature from spring to early summer, and reached a maximum in autumn when the fruits matured. The total litter fall was significantly affected by air temperature, day length, and evaporation, rainfall in the previous month and by typhoons. In 1998, the sixth year after cultivation, the total litter production of the mature S. caseolaris forest significantly increased. The mean annual total litter production during 1998–2005 was 15.1 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, among which, leaves and reproductive materials contributed more than 80% of the total. During the ten years of study, the DBH (diameter at 1.30 m from ground level) and tree height of S. caseolaris increased from 5.2 cm to 18.3 cm, and from 4.5 m to 13.4 m, respectively. The litter fall production was strongly correlated with forest structure parameters, such as DBH, tree height, and crown area. The R value (the ratio of the maximum total litter fall to the minimum in the same community during the investigation periods) of S. caseolaris in the present study was 1.98, indicating a low annual variation of litter fall during these ten years.     

一个露头层序地层划分模型——以桂中北泥盆纪盆地为例

以海蚀面(下界)与沟蚀面或陆蚀面(上界)所限之滨相地层厘定为海退体系域(FSST)为依据,建立以海退体系域之上的沟蚀面为底界所构成的Ⅲ型层序边界面类型,即区别于Ⅰ型层序,又不同于Ⅱ型层序,并能更客观地反映桂中北泥盆纪沉积盆地露头层序地层特征。这一露头层序地层模型研究的关键在于识别与判断层序中一些具特殊成因意义的界面,这些界面包括陆蚀面、海蚀面、沟蚀面、暴露面等;其次是研究露头剖面相序,不同的沉积体系域具不同的加积、进积或退积叠置样式;最后是沉积结构构造的分析研究,它是露头层序地层研究的基础。桂中北泥盆纪沉积盆地依据上述新模型划分出7个Vail级旋回层序,其中包括2个Ⅲ类层序,这些层序叠置的地史延续时间在1Ma至几十个Ma之间。     

Impacts of climate changes on ocean surface gravity waves over the eastern Canadian shelf

A numerical study is conducted to investigate the impact of climate changes on ocean surface gravity waves over the eastern Canadian shelf (ECS). The “business-as-usual” climate scenario known as Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 is considered in this study. Changes in the ocean surface gravity waves over the study region for the period 1979–2100 are examined based on 3 hourly ocean waves simulated by the third-generation ocean wave model known as WAVEWATCHIII. The wave model is driven by surface winds and ice conditions produced by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4). The whole study period is divided into the present (1979–2008), near future (2021–2050) and far future (2071–2100) periods to quantify possible future changes of ocean waves over the ECS. In comparison with the present ocean wave conditions, the time-mean significant wave heights (H _s ) are expected to increase over most of the ECS in the near future and decrease over this region in the far future period. The time-means of the annual 5% largest H _s are projected to increase over the ECS in both near and far future periods due mainly to the changes in surface winds. The future changes in the time-means of the annual 5% largest H _s and 10-m wind speeds are projected to be twice as strong as the changes in annual means. An analysis of inverse wave ages suggests that the occurrence of wind seas is projected to increase over the southern Labrador and central Newfoundland Shelves in the near future period, and occurrence of swells is projected to increase over other areas of the ECS in both the near and far future periods.     

Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Quantifying the removal of co‐seismic landslide material after a large‐magnitude earthquake is central to our understanding of geomorphic recovery from seismic events and the topographic evolution of tectonically active mountain ranges. In order to gain more insight into the fluvial erosion response to co‐seismic landslides, we focus on the sediment fluxes of rivers flowing through the rupture zone of the 2008 M_w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Over the post‐seismic period of 2008–2013, we annually collected river sediment samples (0.25–1 mm) at 19 locations and measured the concentration of cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in quartz. When compared with published pre‐earthquake data, the ¹⁰Be concentrations declined dramatically after the earthquake at all sampling sites, but with significant spatial differences in the amplitude of this decrease, and were starting to increase toward pre‐earthquake level in several basins over the 5‐year survey. Our analysis shows that the amplitude of ¹⁰Be decrease is controlled by the amount of landslides directly connected to the river network. Calculations based on ¹⁰Be mixing budgets indicate that the sediment flux of the 0.25–1 mm size fraction increased up to sixfold following the Wenchuan earthquake. Our results also suggest that fluvial erosion became supply limited shortly after the earthquake, and predict that it could take a few years to several decades for fluvial sediment fluxes to go back to pre‐earthquake characteristics, depending on catchment properties. We also estimate that it will take at least decades and possibly up to thousands of years to remove the co‐seismic landslide materials from the catchments in the Longmen Shan. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2011年福建省雨季首场暴雨过程分析

利用常规资料和NCEP每6h一次的全球再分析资料(水平分辨率为1°×1°),对2011年福建省雨季首场暴雨过程进行分析.结果表明:福建处于中层的南支槽前西南气流和西风槽后西北气流的交汇区、高空急流入口区的南侧辐散区、低层切变及地面锋面附近辐合区,有利于强降雨过程产生.强降水期间,福建省处在高能区,且大气不稳定和水汽输送条件充沛.本次过程,福建省水平运动锋生较强,强锋生带有利于低层辐合.强降水区和水平运动锋生场相对应.湿位涡的子项即经向涡度和相当位温经向梯度的相互作用项负值中心及强负值区与锋面降水也有较好的对应关系.     

基于SfM-MVS的古道微地貌信息提取与保护对策探讨——以华北井陉为例

古道作为一种历史遗产,对理解人类交通文明与演进具有重要意义。它在基岩区往往保留有较为完整的印痕,但也会遭受物理、化学、生物等风化作用的破坏;此外,前人对古道的考证往往借助文献资料追溯来完成,鲜有实物证据的精细研究。因此,通过古道三维重建和其上微地貌作用过程的研究,并探讨古道破坏的关键因素对于其数字化保存和保护显得至关重要。本研究基于运动恢复结构多视角立体（Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo,简称SfM-MVS）的三维建模技术,对华北井陉古道的车辙痕迹进行了点云数据及其衍生DEM数据的采集和处理,对岩石构造和岩性进行分析,并对古道及基岩上微地貌的几何形状进行了信息提取和成因讨论,结果表明：1）微地貌三维点云分析法在山区古道数字化保存和信息提取上是可行的,测得古道1车辙内间距、外间距和车轮宽度最大频数分别位于1.02~1.05 m、1.40~1.43 m和0.19~0.20 m;古道2车辙内间距、外间距和车轮宽度最大频数分别位于0.98~1.02 m、1.38~1.42 m和0.20~0.21 m,精度满足分析要求。2）该区古道发育在奥陶纪马家沟组灰岩上,侵蚀作用多沿先存车辙、凿痕以及节理等部位进一步发育壶穴和坑洼等,并伴随着轻微的化学溶蚀,其中古道2车辙宽度的变化表现出与优势节理相关的首选方向,即近东西方向延伸,共轭节理组主要走向为NEE/NWW方向,南北方向的拓宽可能会受到节理组的影响;古道3人工凿痕部位普遍发育壶穴,地形较陡处壶穴较深（最深约10 cm）,坡度较缓的路段壶穴较浅,一般介于1~7 cm之间。3）在古道的保护上,应切断山坡壶穴形成的必要条件,即通过排水护坡减少水动力条件和碎石物源,定期清理古道坡面并适当隔离保护,实施保护利用相结合的措施。以上认识对相似地质地貌条件的太行八陉等古道遗迹的保护均具有重要的借鉴意义。

     

赣南石雷钨锡矿云英岩型锂矿找矿新发现及其区域成矿潜力分析

近年来,随着赣西北云母型锂矿的大规模开发利用,华南云英岩型、蚀变花岗岩型等岩体型锂矿逐渐受到关注。赣南是世界著名石英脉型黑钨矿集区和生产基地,以往勘查研究工作多集中在钨锡矿。【研究目的】为进一步了解石英脉型钨锡矿中是否存在锂矿化及其地质特征。【研究方法】本次研究通过系统的岩矿鉴定和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）分析,查明了在赣南崇余犹矿集区章源钨业石雷钨锡矿深部存在云英岩型锂矿。【研究结果】研究表明,锂矿体产于石雷矿区深部隐伏花岗岩体的顶部,分布于含钨锡石英脉和长石石英脉的两侧,锂元素主要赋存在白云母—多硅白云母之中。产于角岩化砂岩中的云英岩的Li₂O含量平均为0.25%,二云母花岗岩中石英（长石）脉—云英岩Li₂O含量平均为0.21%,二云母花岗岩中发育的含云母脉云英岩Li₂O平均为0.22%,具有潜在的综合利用价值。【结论】本次研究查明了石雷石英脉型钨锡矿中存在工业意义的云英岩型锂矿化,进一步丰富了赣南石英脉型钨锡矿的成矿理论,拓宽了崇余犹地区云英岩型锂矿的找矿勘查思路,并为进一步拓展华南地区岩体型锂矿的找矿空间提供了依据。