基于透明土技术的开口管桩施工模拟

开口管桩因为土塞效应的存在,其施工力学机理比实心桩要复杂。传统的测量方法无法测得整个桩周土体的位移场以及土塞的具体情况。利用透明土技术,模拟不同桩径,壁厚的开口管桩的沉桩过程,得到管桩外侧土体的全部位移场,并观测到土塞高度的变化、土塞中土颗粒的位移向量场和土塞土颗粒位移中性面。通过对实验结果的分析,可以得到以下结论:不同截面尺寸的管桩施工引起的土体变形区域的横向范围与管桩内径与壁厚的比值（r/w）成反比,且每施工2倍管桩外径R深度,横向影响范围扩大67%;当外径相等时,r/w值相差150%时,土塞高度相差186%;土塞效应和桩径无关,和r/w有关;当壁厚保持一定的同时,土塞高度变化量约为管桩内外径比（R/r）的改变量的2倍;土塞达到完全闭塞状态时还会发生桩端土体的剪切破坏,从而管桩内腔涌入新土形成新的土塞。     

Determination of Sm‐Nd Isotopic Compositions in Fifteen Geological Materials Using Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS and Application to Monazite Geochronology of Metasedimentary Rock in the North China Craton

In this study, we report both ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd values in twelve minerals (apatite, titanite, monazite and eudialyte) based on analyses over 4 years using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The positive correlation between the measured β_Sm and β_Nd (r² = 0.9981) over this time in our laboratory demonstrates the excellent long‐term stability of the method. Compared with the normal method, Sm and Nd signal intensities were improved by a factor of 2.9 with the use of X skimmer and Jet sample cones in combination with the addition of nitrogen at 3–6 ml min^?1 to the central gas flow. The enhancement of signal intensity benefits the accurate in situ determination of the Sm‐Nd isotopes of samples poor in these elements. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values were also determined in two manganese nodules and GSMC Co‐rich crust with low mass fractions of Nd (94–293 μg g^?1). Generally, most of the obtained Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions in these geological materials are consistent with published values. ‘External reproducibility’ (2s) of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd was typically better than 0.06‰ and 2.5‰, respectively, demonstrating that the Durango, Otter Lake, NW‐1 and MAD apatites, the Khan, and OLT‐1 titanites, MGMH#117531 monazite and LV01 eudialyte are promising candidate reference materials for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. The Trebilcock, Mae Klang and 44069 monazites are only suitable for in situ Nd isotopic determinations because of their heterogeneous Sm/Nd compositions. The heterogeneous Sm‐Nd composition of titanite BLR‐1 demonstrates that it is not a suitable reference material for in situ Sm‐Nd isotopic determinations. Deep‐sea samples (NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 manganese nodule, GSMC Co‐rich crust) with low mass fractions of Nd also show homogenous Nd isotopic compositions. Sm‐Nd isotopic ratios of a monazite (MQG‐22) from the North China Craton were measured as a case study and gave a ¹⁴⁷Sm‐¹⁴³Nd isochron age of 1792 ± 35 Ma (MSWD = 3.2) consistent with the published metamorphic age of the host metasedimentary rocks. The results for both candidate reference materials and geological samples demonstrate that the in situ LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical protocol described is feasible and robust for research in geological evolution.     

Pleistocene Loess-Paleosol Sequences in Arid Central Asia State of Art

Loess of central Asia is located in a linkage zone between the European and Chinese loess depositional belts. Paleoclimate signatures from loess-paleosol sequences here is a key for completely understanding the spatial-tempo paleoclimate changes of Euro-Asia and for understanding the interactions between westerlies and Asia monsoon system during geological time. However, paleoclimate investigations of loess-paleosol sequences in arid central Asia is relatively weak than those from Europe and Chinese Loess Plateau. Specific, correlations of paleoclimate records with Chinese loess is required for better understanding “westerly regimes” in central Asia and its phase relationship with monsoon Asia on various time scale. In this work, we reviewed new advantages of loess study in central Asia during the last decades. Based on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic correlations of loess-paleosol sequences between central Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau, we discussed aridification history of Asia on tectonic time scale, the hydroclimate changes in arid central Asia and its phase relationship with Monsoonal Asia on orbital and millennial time scale during the Pleistocene.     

武当地区武当岩群变火山岩原岩性质及其构造环境研究

武当岩群中的变火山岩类经历了海水蚀变和区域变质的改造,其岩石学特征和化学成分发生了较大变化。不活动组分的研究表明,武当岩群中的变基性火山岩属拉斑玄武岩浆系列,原岩为玄武岩类;变酸性火山岩属钙碱性岩浆系列,原岩为流纹岩类,后者是前者结晶分异的产物。它们的地球化学特征具岛弧火山岩的性质,形成于岛弧环境。     

北京地区对流层中上部云和气溶胶的激光雷达探测

介绍了近年来研制的一台多波长激光雷达及其探测对流层高云和气溶胶的实验,并依据探测结果重点分析了北京2000年1月至4月对流层上部云和气溶胶在532 nm波长的消光系数分布特征.结果表明:从6 km至11 km的气溶胶光学厚度值在0.0152至0.0284之间变化,均值为0.0192.从6 km至11 km的云光学厚度值在0.014至0.23之间变化.观测到的单层高云的厚度最大为6 km.4月6日,近年来最强的一次沙尘暴袭击北京.4月7日北京地区无可见云,激光雷达探测结果表明,从4 km至10 km高度范围内,存在一层厚度约为6 km的气溶胶粒子层,消光系数峰值处于8 km附近,比晴天无云时的消光系数值约大一个数量级.估计这是一层沙尘气溶胶,系由远距离输送至北京形成的.     

不同方向地震动作用下水平层状边坡动力响应特性

在斜坡的动力响应分析中,地震动的激振方向是影响斜坡动力响应规律的主要因素之一.本文以“5·12”汶川地震灾区典型斜坡岩性及结构为模拟特征,通过对水平层状岩质斜坡开展振动台模型试验,探究地震动方向对斜坡动力响应规律的影响.以输入峰值加速度0.3g的正弦波和天然波为例,着重对比分析斜坡模型在水平向、竖直向及合成向激振波作用下的加速度动力响应规律.研究结果表明:水平向上,在不同频率的地震动作用下,斜坡的中上部的加速度动力响应较之下部更为显著,X向地震动作用下斜坡的加速度动力响应沿高程呈较强的线性增大特征,而Z向地震动作用下斜坡的动力响应却表现出明显的非线性,且斜坡在合成向天然波作用下的响应规律表现出明显的P-△效应;竖直向上,Z向地震动作用下斜坡坡表和坡内的加速度响应值会随着频率的增加而不断减小,出现逐渐衰减和频散的现象.     

激光探测平流层气溶胶层后向散射系数分布

1983年2月以来,利用红宝石激光雷达对平流层气溶胶层进行了一系列探测.结果表明:因受El Chichon火山爆发的影响,平流层气溶胶层后向散射比峰值和14—23.5公里高度范围内积分后向散射系数均明显增大。本文对部分探测结果进行了分析和讨论.     

山东蓬莱、临朐新生代碱性玄武岩的钕、锶同位素组成

本文报道了鲁东和鲁西新生代碱性玄武岩13个样品的Nd、Sr同位素组成,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512967—0.512744,~(87)Sr/(86)Sr=0.70349—0.70450。它们在地质剖面上呈现规律性变化,可能与其地幔源区同位素组成的层状分带有关。鲁西地幔源区具有较鲁东更加亏损的组份。两地地幔源区在演化中都曾发生过地幔交代(或富集)作用,根据玄武岩Nd同位素模式年龄估计地幔交代作用发生的时间为0.45Ga。     

基于微信“小程序”的公众气象服务应用

利用微信小程序技术开发"智慧气象"公众版,研究基于小程序的图形绘制技术,实现气象数据可视化。同时将气象与新闻、视频和图片等相融合,开发多个符合公众需求的功能页面。"智慧气象"公众版在浙江省气象服务工作中得到广泛应用,为微信小程序在公众气象服务上的应用研究提供了参考。     

三山岛西部海域构造带发现及其地质意义

胶东金矿集中区金矿十分发育,截至目前,陆地已探明资源储量的金矿床有200余处,近年来,地质工作者将找矿目标转向近岸海域,2013-2018年,山东省地质调查院利用地质调查专项及省地勘资金项目,在三山岛海域开展地质矿产调查工作.通过开展海上重力测量,在三山岛西部海域发现近似平行于三山岛断裂带的一条重力梯级带.利用海上钻探...