热带东风急流的气候学和中期振荡

本文用13年夏半年(5—10月)月平均风场和两年逐日风场资料研究了200hPa南亚热带东风急流的气候学特征和中期振荡过程。研究表明,南亚夏季热带东风急流显著的非季节性变动和年际差异与低纬对流层高层大尺度环流变化和南亚夏季风活动密切相关,相对于多年平均而言,存在5类异常的东风急流。 各种分析表明,热带东风带存在三种主要的中期振荡。准50天周期振荡与夏季南亚对流层上部大尺度散度场的变化相关联,表现为十分显著的向南的位相传播。准50天和25天振荡均存在显著的年际变化。准50天周期振荡系统性不强的年份,准25天周期振荡是低纬行星波的主要振荡,在东风急流区除表现为系统性向西传播外也表现为向南的位相传播。准双周振荡在东风带一般向西传播。      

降雨对裂隙型岩溶含水系统演化影响的数值模拟研究

本文在构建有降雨入渗及河流补给的裂隙型岩溶含水系统的概念模型基础上,采用有限差分数值方法,利用裂隙渗流立方定律及Dreybort（1996）经过实验总结出的碳酸钙溶蚀经验公式,定量地计算了裂隙型岩溶含水系统经过10 000年溶蚀的演化形态及岩溶泉的变化。模拟发现,岩溶含水系统的溶蚀主要发生在降雨入渗面处、河流补给处和岩溶泉的出露点附近。随着溶蚀的进行,岩溶含水系统的潜水位不断下降部分岩溶泉被疏干,通过计算岩溶泉汇流管道的隙宽变化,发现岩溶含水系统会出现明显的差异性溶蚀。在模拟过程中调节降雨量的大小发现降雨入渗对有河流补给的岩溶含水系统的演化影响并不显著。      

Distribution pattern and geochemical analysis of rare earth elements in deep-ocean sediments

The content and distribution pattern of rare earth elements(REEs) in surface sediments from the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean,the Northern and Southern Atlantic Ocean,and the Southwestern Indian Ocean were explored and the resources and geochemical characteristics of REEs in deep-ocean sediments from different oceans were studied.The total REE abundances(∑EE) in the different oceans ranged as follows:Eastern Pacific,56.88-500.02 μg/g;Western Pacific,290.68-439.94 μg/g;Northern Atlantic,55.3 3-154.90 μg/g;Southern Atlantic,40.83-69.30 μg/g;and Southwestern Indian Ocean,20.24-64.76 μg/g.Their corresponding LREE(La-Eu)/HREE(Gd-Lu) average values were 5.18,5.86,9.01,5.21,and 4.59,which indicated that the light REEs were all evidently enriched.δEu and δCe showed slight Eu-negative anomalies and significant Ce-positive anomalies in all sediments.Although the contents of REEs in the sediments varied among the different oceans,the distribution patterns of REEs were similar,and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.929 0.In the Eastern Pacific sediments,TREE showed a significantly positive correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and a weak correlation with Fe.In the Western Pacific and Southern Atlantic sediments,TREE presented no obvious correlation and a weakly negative correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and Fe,respectively.TREE in the Southwestern Indian Ocean sediments positively correlated with Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo,Fe,and had a weakly negative correlation with Co.     

论岩溶地下水系统中的快速流与慢速流

<正> 由于岩溶区多重含水介质(大型岩溶洞穴管道与网络状溶蚀裂隙)受到不同强度降水入渗补给,各类含水介质对岩溶地下水的调节具有明显差异,导致岩溶地下水出现快速流与慢速流这两种不同流态流速的水源成份。研究这两种水源的形成过程,与含水介质结构相互关系以及如何划分这两种水源,不仅有助于岩溶水基本理论的研究,而且在水资源评价与规划中也具有重要意义。通过水源划分,可了解评价区域有多少快速地下径流需经工程措施调节,有多少慢速地下径流可直接作为供水水源。     

锦屏一级水电站坝基软弱岩带水泥-化学复合灌浆与检测评价

锦屏一级水电站坝基地质缺陷发育,采用水泥-化学复合灌浆法对断层、挤压带和岩脉等软弱岩带进行灌浆处理。灌浆后检测成果显示,水泥-化学复核灌浆对坝区岩块岩屑型、岩屑夹泥型及煌斑岩脉等结构面在抗渗性能、变形性能等方面均有较大改善。岩块岩屑型软弱岩带的声波波速较灌前提高约12%～18%,灌后钻孔变模值约为6.0～6.5GPa;岩屑夹泥型软弱岩带声波波速灌前提高6.8%,钻孔变模改善作用较为有限。灌后声波波速、变形模量以及灌后各性能指标提高幅度等能为其他类似工程提供借鉴和参考。     

Distribution pattern and geochemical analysis of rare earth elements in deep-ocean sediments

The content and distribution pattern of rare earth elements(REEs)in surface sediments from the Eastern and Western Pacifi c Ocean,the Northern and Southern Atlantic Ocean,and the Southwestern Indian Ocean were explored and the resources and geochemical characteristics of REEs in deep-ocean sediments from diff erent oceans were studied.The total REE abundances(ΣREE)in the diff erent oceans ranged as follows:Eastern Pacifi c,56.88–500.02μg/g;Western Pacifi c,290.68–439.94μg/g;Northern Atlantic,55.33–154.90μg/g;Southern Atlantic,40.83–69.30μg/g;and Southwestern Indian Ocean,20.24–64.76μg/g.Their corresponding LREE(La-Eu)/HREE(Gd-Lu)average values were 5.18,5.86,9.01,5.21,and 4.59,which indicated that the light REEs were all evidently enriched.δEu andδCe showed slight Eu-negative anomalies and signifi cant Ce-positive anomalies in all sediments.Although the contents of REEs in the sediments varied among the diff erent oceans,the distribution patterns of REEs were similar,and the correlation coeffi cient was greater than 0.9290.In the Eastern Pacifi c sediments,ΣREE showed a signifi cantly positive correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and a weak correlation with Fe.In the Western Pacifi c and Southern Atlantic sediments,ΣREE presented no obvious correlation and a weakly negative correlation with Co,Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo and Fe,respectively.ΣREE in the Southwestern Indian Ocean sediments positively correlated with Cu,Zn,Mn,Mo,Fe,and had a weakly negative correlation with Co.     

INTERANNUAL LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS OF MERIDIONAL WINDS OVER THE EQUATORIAL INDIAN-PACIFIC OCEANS

Based on analysis of the meridional winds over oceanic areas and SST for 1950-1979 extracted from the data sets of COADS, the long-term variability of the meridional winds over the equatorial Indian-Pacific oceans and its relationship to the onset and development of El Nino events have been studied. The major results are as follows:(1) There is a great similarity between ITCZ over the Pacific and SST in the seasonal trend, with ITCZ and high SST found in the Southern Hemisphere in winter and in the Northern Hemisphere in summer.During El Nino years, unusual meridional winds were often observed, with significant convergence of meridional winds occurring over near-equatorial regions.(2) For the near-equatorial meridional winds, there are three types of interannual LFO:QBO, SO, FYO. QBO plays an important role in the unusual behavior of meridional winds for El Nino years, while SO is very important for both El Nino and cold water years. These two oscillations may fit well to the observed variation in the meridional wind. FYO may enhance the variation of meridional winds.(3) Interannual LFO of meridional winds originates in the Indian Ocean-Maritime Continent and coastal area of East Pacific. Unusual activities of winter monsoon in both hemispheres and trade winds off the coastal area of East Pacific are believed to be their major cause.(4) Monsoon-trade interaction shows up in the significant amplification of the disturbances of meridional winds while they propagate eastward from monsoon area to trade wind area.     

流量衰减方程及其应用—－以洛塔岩溶盆地为例

<正> 本文将以洛塔岩溶盆地为例,提出一种分区间表示的指数函数,拟合含水介质不均匀的岩溶含水体的流量衰减过程。通过流量衰减分析,阐明岩溶水赋存空间的某些属性,并进而就该地区作为直接引水灌溉的岩溶水,提出一种开采资源的评价方法。     

安徽省马鞍山地区闪电时空分布特征

利用2006--2009年安徽省LD—II型闪电定位资料,对马鞍山地区闪电时空分布特征的分析表明,马鞍山地区以负闪为主,负闪占总闪电数的98％,平均闪电强度44．5kA。正负闪电发生的频次有明显的季节变化和日变化特征。闪电季节变化上呈单峰型,峰值出现在7月,集中发生在5—9月的雨季,占总闪电频次的97％;闪电日变化上呈双峰型,峰值出现在14：00和21：00。闪电强度冬季低、夏季高,多集中于20～30kA之间。平均地闪密度有两个明显的极大值中心,一个是穿越和县和含山中部的狭长带状区域,另一个集中在和县北部。平均闪电强度和平均地闪密度在空间上呈相反的分布形式。利用实测的地闪密度与雷暴日的关系得出了适用于马鞍山地区1市3县的地闪密度计算公式。     

大陆性浓积云云滴谱离散度影响因子的飞机观测研究

利用2020年7月30日山西省人工增雨防雷技术中心在山西省忻州地区开展的大陆性浓积云飞机探测资料,分析了积云微物理参量、云滴谱离散度随时间和高度的变化以及云滴谱离散度的影响因子。结果表明,该大陆性浓积云云滴谱离散度随高度的增加先递增后递减,但变化范围较小。云滴谱离散度随数浓度、含水量增大而逐渐收敛,呈弱正相关关系;离散度与体积平均半径的相关性随体积平均半径的增大由正转负,与垂直速度呈现正相关关系。云中碰并过程对云滴谱离散度及其影响因子影响较大,建议未来云滴谱离散度的参数化增加对碰并过程的考虑。