Three-Dimensional Structure and Low-Level Features of the North Pacific Storm Track from 1999 to 2005

A storm track is a region in which synoptic eddy activities are statistically most prevalent and intense. At daily weather charts, it roughly corresponds to the mean trajectories of cyclones and anticyclones. In this paper, the recent QuikSCAT （Quick Scatterometer） satellite sea winds data with a 0.5°×0.5° horizontal resolution, and the NCEP （National Centers for Environmental Prediction） 10-m height Gaussian grid wind data and pressure-level reanalysis data, are employed to document the spatial structure of the North Pacific storm track in winter （January） and summer （July） from 1999 to 2005. The results show that in winter the North Pacific storm track is stronger, and is located in lower latitudes with a distinct zonal distribution. In summer, it is weaker, and is located in higher latitudes. Based on the horizontal distributions of geopotential height variance at various levels, three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the North Pacific storm track in winter and summer are extracted and presented. Analyses of the QuikSCAT wind data indicate that this dataset can depict the low-level storm track features in detail. The double storm tracks over the Southern Oceans found by Nakamura and Shimpo are confirmed. More significantly, two new pairs of low-level storm tracks over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic are identified by using this high-resolution dataset. The pair over the North Pacific is focused in this paper, and is named as the ＂subtropical storm track＂ and the ＂subpolar storm track＂, respectively. Moreover, statistical analyses of cyclone and anticyclone trajectories in the winters of 1999 to 2005 reveal as well the existence of the low-level double storm tracks over the North Pacific.     

北太平洋风暴轴的三维空间结构

文中利用最新的0.5°×0.5°分辨率QuikSCAT(QuikBird Satellite Microwave Scatterometer Sea Winds Data)海面风场资料、NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)的10 m高度风场资料和全球客观再分析资料,对1999-2005年冬季(1月)和夏季(7月)北太平洋风暴轴的三维空间结构进行了分析,发现冬季北太平洋风暴轴的强度较强,呈明显的纬向拉伸带状分布特征,位置偏南.夏季北太平洋风暴轴的强度较弱,位置偏北.根据不同高度上位势高度方差的水平分布特征,绘制了北太平洋风暴轴的三维结构示意图.利用高分辨率QuikSCAT资料对风暴轴特征的刻画更为细致,不但验证了Nakamu-ra在南大洋发现的双风暴轴现象,而且还发现在北太平洋和北大西洋下层分别存在"副热带风暴轴"和"副极地风暴轴"两个风暴轴.对1999-2005年冬季北太平洋气旋和反气旋的移动路径进行的统计分析,为北太平洋"双风暴轴"的存在提供了强有力的证据.     

青岛两次极端高温天气成因分析

本文从天气学角度分析青岛历史上两次极端高温过程的特点。发现青岛出现极端温度两次过程有共同的特性：都发生在厄尔尼诺当年，都是大陆深厚暖高压控制；低空有强而持久的暖中心；高空为较强的下沉运动，有利于下沉增温；高低层相对湿度小，天气晴好，有利于太阳辐射地面增温；地面北风场。有利于大陆高温热风南袭。这些是促成高温过程的重要原因。     

三维地质体对AMT二维反演的影响研究

为探究三维地质体对二维反演结果地影响以及二维反演中极化模式的选择问题,设计了一系列二维、三维地电模型进行正演计算,并对正演结果进行二维反演计算。研究结果表明:相位受到三维畸变的影响较小,视电阻率较大;当三维异常体模型走向延伸较小时,TE模式的反演结果误差较大,TM模式的反演结果相对较好,但是反演得到了虚假的下覆构造,TE+TM联合反演结合了TE和TM模式反演的优点,可以较好地反映异常体的赋存位置及电阻率值;当三维异常体模型走向延伸长度增大时,三维数据的二维反演结果是可靠的,用TM和TE+TM模式反演都比较合理。     

面向航运服务的海冰密集度遥感产品对比研究

北极快速升温为北极通航窗口期延长提供了重大机遇,为北极航运和极区科考船只的空间信息提供服务,海冰边缘区浮冰遥感信息产品的可靠性非常关键.对比和分析了9种海冰密集度数据产品,并采用高分雷达数据开展面向海冰边缘区精度评估.结果表明,北极地区的9种海冰密集度产品相对其平均值的最大日偏差出现在夏季6—8月航道窗口期,其中采用被...     

Characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the surface water of Beijing Olympic Forest Park

The characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in surface water from Beijing Olympic Forest Park (BOFP) were investigated in this study. Nanofiltration (NF) pretreatment procedure using two NF membranes (NF90 and NF270) was applied to increase the accuracy and precision of DON measurements in surface water samples with high dissolved inorganic nitrogen/total dissolved nitrogen (DIN/TDN) ratios. Compared to NF90, NF270 showed better performance in lowering the DIN/TDN ratio and retaining DOC in both the synthetic water and raw water samples. DON concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 mg N L^?1 in water samples collected over four different months and showed a seasonal variation. The DON increased in summer due to the higher activity of decomposers on recent litterfall or because of a higher production of biomass in the surface water body. The molecular weight (MW) fractions of <3 kDa accounted for more than 50 % of the total DOC concentration and the fractions of <3 kDa contributed to more than 48 % of the total DON concentration. It could be concluded that most of the DON present in surface water of BOFP was composed of small molecules, which were mainly composed of monomers such as amino acids and urea, readily available for the uptake by phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria.