Comparative study of As,Cd, Cu,Cr, Mg,Mn, Ni,Pb and Zn concentrations between sediment and water from estuary and port

The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments).     

甘肃阿尔金南缘白石头沟石墨矿地质特征、成矿条件及找矿标志

甘肃白石头沟石墨矿位于阿尔金南缘敦煌地块,赋存于前寒武纪敦煌岩群大理岩和石英片岩之中,目前圈定矿体33条,主要矿体2条。作为研究白石头沟石墨矿理想地层的敦煌岩群,是一套以变质碎屑沉积岩和变质基性岩为主的变质岩浆杂岩。本文从矿床角度出发,立足于区域地质勘查资料,结合前人研究成果,在对白石头沟石墨矿成矿地质背景、矿床及矿体特征、组合样化学分析、矿石矿物赋存状态及特征研究的基础上,对矿床的成因进行初步探讨并归纳区域找矿标志。研究表明,白石头沟石墨矿可分为大理岩型和石英片岩型两种类型,是古元古代经历区域动力热液变质作用而形成的沉积变质型矿床,成矿物质主要来源于变质碎屑沉积岩类的原岩（海相陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩）本身,成矿环境为古老活动大陆边缘。找矿标志具有特定层位、岩性、矿化及物探特征。     

西沙群岛及其附近海域多毛类动物地理学的研究

西沙群岛及其附近海域蕴藏着极其丰富的水产资源,是我国的良好渔场之一,自古以来就是我国渔民的渔捞基地.解放以来,在党的领导下,对我国神圣领土西沙群岛进行了大规模的开发和建设.中国科学院海洋研究所和中国科学院南海海洋研究所等单位,进行了多次海洋生物资源调查,我们曾报告过113种浮游和底栖多毛类.根据1975-1976年补充调查的标本,又发现了过去未报告过的多毛类70种,截至目前西沙群岛及其附近海域的多毛类共有183种.本文根据现在掌握的资料对我国西沙群岛及其附近海域多毛类动物地理学做一初步分析.     

辽宁盖县梁屯—矿洞沟碱性正长岩杂岩体的U—Pb和Sm—Nd年龄及其地质意义

辽宁梁屯 -矿洞沟杂岩体主要由辉石正长岩、霓辉正长岩和霓辉角闪正长岩等碱性岩石组成 ,具有全岩 Rb- Sr等时线年龄 186 6± 115 Ma和 ISr=0 .70 4 9的同位素特征 ,是我国目前报道的最古老的碱性正长岩类。本文报道了该岩体的锆石U- Pb和全岩 Sm- Nd同位素测试资料 ,获得了锆石 U- Pb同位素年龄为 185 7± 2 0 Ma、Sm- Nd等时年龄为 1787± 180 Ma、εNd(t) =- 4 .8～ - 5 .0的数据。它们反映出该杂岩体形成年龄的上限为 185 7± 2 0 Ma、下限不小于 1787± 180 Ma,来源于富集地幔物质。基于这些数据并结合区域地质资料分析 ,作者提出了华北地台北缘古元古宙存在有富集地幔储库 ,以及辽河群主体形成于 190 0 Ma以前的认识     

山区公路雾天分布特征及相关性研究

雾是山区常发的天气现象,且具有偶发性和局部性的特征,雾天条件下,能见度降低,为公路行车安全带来一定隐患。该文基于云南普洱山区公路交通气象观测实验基地的观测数据,对2014年5月—2016年10月期间,实验基地所在公路的雾的等级以及时间分布规律进行了分析。通过列联表、条件频率等相关性分析方法,开展了雾天能见度与其他气象要素的相关性研究。通过对列联表的相关性假设显著性分析,降雨强度、风速等气象要素与能见度之间存在相关性;但列联关系V相关系数分析结果表明,其相关程度不高。从条件概率统计来看,在不同的气象要素区间范围内,各等级雾发生的条件概率分布遵循一定的规律。分析雾天能见度的分布规律,及其与其他气象要素之间的相关性,能为雾天条件下公路行车安全预警与控制提供数据支持。     

加强目标观测,服务防灾减灾

以深入浅出的方式介绍了目标观测的定义、历史、确定目标观测敏感区的方法,以及实施目标观测与防灾减灾的关系;并以欧洲中期天气预报中心目标观测业务化为例,简明地概括了目标观测的实施过程;结合国内目标观测研究现状,对中国目标观测的未来提出了看法。     

Effects of temperature and salinity on survival,growth and DNA methylation of juvenile Pacific abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Temperature and salinity are two of the most potent abiotic factors infl uencing marine mollusks.In this study,we investigated the individual and combined ef fects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile Pacifi c abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino,and also examined the DNA methylation alteration that may underpin the phenotypic variation of abalone exposed to dif ferent rearing conditions.The single-factor data showed that the suitable ranges of temperature and salinity were 16–28°C at a constant salinity of 32,and 24–40 at a constant temperature of 20°C,respectively.The two-factor data indicated that both survival and growth were signifi cantly af fected by temperature,salinity and their interaction.The optimal temperature-salinity combination for juveniles was 23–25°C and 30–36.To explore environment-induced DNA methylation alteration,the methylation-sensitive amplifi ed polymorphism(MSAP)technique was used to analyze the genomic methylation profi les of abalone reared in optimal and adverse conditions.Neither temperature nor salinity induced evident changes in the global methylation level,but 67 and 63 dif ferentially methylated loci were identifi ed in temperature and salinity treatments,respectively.The between-group eigen analysis also showed that both temperature and salinity could induce epigenetic dif ferentiation in H.discus hannai Ino.The results of our study provide optimal rearing conditions for juvenile H.discus hannai Ino,and represent the fi rst step toward revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of abalone in response to thermal and salt stresses.     

The role of ground water in arid/semiarid ecosystems, Northwest China

Ground water plays an important role in water supply and the ecology of arid to semiarid areas such as Northwest China, where the landscape is fragile due to frequent drought in the past few decades. This paper discusses the role of ground water in these ecosystems, including the effect of condensation water and water table depth on the growth of plants and degree of soil salinity. The paper also discusses the controlling process for land desertification and soil salinization in Northwest China. Water table depth is a key factor controlling the water balance, ground water flow, and salt transport in the vadose zone. The suitable water table depth for vegetation growth, which can prevent land desertification and soil salinization, is within a range of 2 to 4 m; the optimal depth is approximately 3 m. As examples, changes in ecosystems owing to water resources development in Tarim and Manas basins, Xinjiang, China, are discussed.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙成因类型及其控制因素

陇东地区延长组砂岩储层属于典型的低孔低渗储层,分析孔隙成因类型及其控制因素,对于寻找相对高孔渗储层具有重要指导意义。通过大量孔隙铸体薄片鉴定认为,陇东地区延长组砂岩发育原生与次生两大类孔隙类型,其中原生孔隙包括压实剩余原生粒间孔和胶结剩余原生粒间孔;次生孔隙包括粒间杂基及胶结物溶孔、长石和岩屑粒内溶孔及铸模孔、粒间高岭石绿泥石胶结物晶间孔;另外还存在少量构造成因的微裂缝。现今孔隙多为部分原生与部分次生组成的混合孔隙。孔隙成因类型受沉积条件和成岩作用双重因素控制,沉积条件决定了砂岩沉积时的水动力条件,从而决定了砂岩的岩石学特征和原生粒间孔的发育程度,压实作用决定了压实剩余粒间孔的大小与多少,胶结作用决定了胶结剩余粒间孔的多少,溶蚀作用控制了各种溶蚀孔隙的类型及发育程度,如粒间杂基和碳酸盐胶结物溶孔、长石及岩屑粒缘与粒内溶蚀孔隙的发育程度。原生孔隙在长8、长9、长4+5粒度较粗的层段中较明显,次生孔隙在长6、长7粒度细层段和顶部不整合面附近的长1-3中占的比例较多。系统运用大量薄片和物性资料首次明确指出陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙为混合成因,且次生孔隙特征明显,原生孔隙由于压实和胶结作用大量损失。     

华北地区韧性剪切带几种岩石的波速各向异性高温高压实验研究

对华北地区韧性剪切带几种代表上、中、下地壳深度的糜棱岩及其围岩在高温高压条件下进行纵波速度测定及各向异性研究．对实验样品的纵波速度测定得到以下结果：１．沿糜棱岩面理方向的纵波速度大于与面理垂直方向的纵波速度，差值为０．１５-０．３０ｋｍ／ｓ，各向异性为３％-５％；２．糜棱岩的纵波速度低于其围岩的纵波速度，差值为０．１０-０．４５ｋｍ／ｓ；３．中地壳角闪岩相糜棱岩的纵波速度各向异性高于上地壳绿片岩相糜棱岩和下地壳麻粒岩相糜棱岩的各向异性；４．地震波速各向异性与糜棱岩矿物优选定向有关．