华南区域季节性降水的差异分析

运用EOF方法研究华南区域降水时空分布特征,结果表明：（1）华南地区各季节降水在年际和年代际的时间变化上有区域一致性,但有季节性差异,其中春季和秋季在20世纪80年代后降水明显减少,旱年增多;而夏季90年代后降水明显增加,涝年增多;冬季变化则不明显。（2）华南地区各季节降水在空间分布上也有差异,其中春季降水呈现东多西少的分布特征,大值中心位于广西东北部、广东中部及西南沿海。夏季和秋季降水相似,呈南多北少的分布特征,大值中心位于广西沿海和广东西南沿海。冬季降水呈东北多西南少的分布特征,大值中心位于粤北。     

A study on the focal parameters of Shidian M =5.9 earthquake sequences in 2001

On the basis of about 300 earthquake wave forms observed in the Shidian M _S=5.9 sequences on April 12, 2001 recorded in Kunming Digital Seismic Network, the spectra of shear wave have been used to estimate the focal parameters of these earthquake sequences. The results show that within the magnitude range of 1.5–5.3, the seismic moments are 10¹⁰–10¹⁶ N·m, the corner frequencies are 0.2–0.8 Hz, radii of the focal rupture are 200–2 500 m and the stress drops are 0.1×10⁵–20×10⁵Pa. Through the statistical analyses of variation of corner frequency f _c and stress drop Δσ with time, it is discovered that the average corner frequency of the foreshock sequences is obviously lower than that of the aftershock sequences. Contrarily, the average stress drops Δσ of the foreshock sequences are clearly higher than that of the aftershocks. It is considered that these variation characteristics of average corner frequency and stress drops before and after the main shock have index significance to the precursory information before a strong earthquake. The higher stress drops for the foreshock sequences show that the higher shear stresses have been stored in the area of main shock. After the main shock, most of the stresses have been released, so the aftershock sequences show a rupture process of lower stresses. Foundation item: Scientific and Technological Key Project of Yunnan Province (2001NG46)     

基于遥感技术的土地复垦工程量评价研究

随着全国范围内土地复垦工作的广泛开展,对于土地复垦项目的评价变得越来越重要。通过选取实验区域,获取实验区的相关实地数据及遥感影像,研究处理和解译实验区遥感影像,对影像进行分类处理,提取了土地复垦项目的工程量指标,并对其进行精度分析,建立了土地复垦项目的工程量评价体系,结果与实地数据一致,说明遥感评价方法具有实际可行性。     

广西暴雨卫星云图与热带流场变化综合预报方法

利用卫星云图资料结合热带风场的变化,采用分级客观定量的计算方法,得到影响关键区内的云系像素值大小和云顶亮温。同时,结合该关键区内热带风场的变化,对云系是否影响广西进行预测,判断其对暴雨范围、强度、持续时间的影响程度,从而作出暴雨过程的预报。经过对1996~2002年4~9月169例暴雨个例的资料统计分析表明:在广西大范围暴雨过程中80%的云系叠加在西南风急流之上。云顶亮温在-70℃以下的云系像素值达到500时,就有大范围暴雨天气过程的可能。此结果应用到日常预报业务中,对提高暴雨预报准确率有较大帮助。     

海带雌性原生质体的分离与培养

于1993年1月 - 1993年4月，为了制备遗传性纯一的基因工程受体，用酶法从海带雌配子体单性生殖系分离雌性单倍体原生质体。从皱纹盘鲍消化腺及消化器官提取出鲍酶，在25°C下、1％（W／V）的鲍酶与2％（W／V）的纤维素酶（Onozuka R－10）合用能有效解离单细胞和原生质体。海带雌性原生质体经2d培养再生了细胞壁。     

Numerical simulation on excavation-induced damage of rock under quasi-static unloading and dynamic disturbance

During the excavation of underground opening, the rock may experience a complex loading path that includes the highly confined compression before excavation, unloading of confining stress and further disturbance of dynamic loading after excavation. By using Rock Failure Process Analysis for Dynamics (RFPA-Dynamics), the failure of rock sequentially subjected to this complex loading path is numerically simulated, in order to examine the rock failure mechanism induced by excavation. The RFPA-Dynamics is firstly used to reproduce the failure of rock under confined compression, followed by unloading of confining pressure, and it is validated against with the existing experimental observation. Then, the failure characteristics of rock specimen sequentially subjected to the quasi-static triaxial loading, unloading of confining pressure and dynamic disturbance are numerically simulated, where the effect of magnitude of axial loading and confining pressure, and duration and amplitude of the dynamic disturbance on the final failure patterns of rock are examined. The numerical results indicate that the arc-shaped spalling damage zone is prone to develop with the increase in the axial pressure and lateral pressure coefficient. As for the effect of dynamic disturbance, the contribution of duration and amplitude of dynamic disturbance on the energy input are similar, where the area of damage zone increases with the energy input into the rock specimen. In this regard, the area of the damage zone is influenced by both the magnitude of in situ stress and waveform of dynamic disturbance. This study denotes that it is of great significance to trace the complex loading path induced by excavation in order to capture the rock failure mechanism induced by underground excavation.     

活性炭对浮选废水中黄药的吸附特性研究

通过静态试验研究了粉末活性炭对浮选废水中丁基黄药的吸附性能和影响因素。实验结果表明,粉末活性炭对丁基黄药的吸附过程遵循Lagergren二级动力学模型;粉末活性炭对丁基黄药的等温吸附可用Langmuir等温模型拟合,其相关系数为0.9875(298K);温度从298K上升至313K时,吸附量略有上升,升高温度有利于活性炭对黄药的吸附;pH从7.17上升至12.00时,黄药吸附量下降明显,表明碱性环境对吸附有抑制作用。火法再生实验结果表明粉末活性炭再生性能良好。     

震源系统不稳定度指标和强震短临预报

在探讨震源系统不稳定产生的物理基础前提下，应用调制模式提出了利用小震日频次起伏加剧与外因的相关性进行强震的短临时间预报的设想，具体提出了调制小震频次起伏加剧的两个判别震源系统不稳定度的指标λ＿１和λ＿２。前者为单因子调制指标，后者为多因子调制或多因子调制强化指标。关于大震的地点预报，应用立交模式短临阶段出现调制小震通过未来大震的共轭小震活动条带进行预报。     

2016年1月21日青海门源6.4级地震强震动记录及特征分析

2016年1月21日青海海北州门源县发生6.4级地震,西北强震动台网中心共收集到70组三分向加速度记录。在对强震记录进行常规处理后,给出了207条零基线校正后的三分向峰值加速度值(PGA);统计PGA随震中距衰减趋势,绘制了水平向PGA等值线分布图;选取近场典型台站的加速度记录进行分析,绘制出校正后的加速度、速度和位移时程曲线以及加速度反应谱。这些地震动特征可为我国西部工程震害调查提供重要的参考资料。     

内陆水体好氧甲烷氧化过程研究进展

内陆水体是全球碳循环的关键组成部分,是大气中甲烷(CH4)的重要来源,每年从内陆淡水与自然湿地排放进入大气的CH4约为185～357 Tg/a.通常,内陆水体中CH4主要由分布于水层底部的厌氧区或沉积层内的产甲烷菌介导产生,其向水层表面传输的过程中易被甲烷氧化菌所氧化.甲烷氧化菌可分为好氧甲烷氧化菌和厌氧甲烷氧化菌,有...