华北山区坡地产流规律研究

Simulated rainfall is a valid tool to examine the runoff generation on the slope. 13 simulated rainfall experiments with different rainfall intensities and durations are completed in a 5 m ×10 m experimental plot in mountainous area of North China. Simultaneously, rainfall, surface runoff, soil-layer flow, mantel-layer flow and soil moisture are monitored respectively. From the results, it is found that the hydrographs in all layers have the characteristics of rapid rise and fall. The recessions of surface flow and soil-layer flow are much faster than that of mantel-layer flow. Surface flow, the main contributor, makes up more than 60% of the total runoff in the study area. It even exceeds 90% in the cases of high intensity rainfall events. Runoff coefficient (ratio of total runoff to rainfall amount) is mainly influenced by rainfall amount, rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture, and the relationship can be well ex-pressed by a multiple linear regression function a = 0.002P + 0.1821 + 4.88Wa - 0.821. The relation between the rainfall intensity and the lag time of three flows (surface runoff, soil-layer flow and mantel-layer flow) is shown to be exponential. Then, the result also shows that the recession constant is 0.75 for surface runoff, is 0.94 for soil-layer and mantel-layer flow in this area. In this study area, the dominant infiltration excess runoff is simulated by Horton model. About 0.10 mm/min percolation is observed under the condition of different rainfall intensities, therefore the value is regarded as the steady infiltration rate of the study area.     

岩石非弹性应变恢复(ASR)地应力测试方法中柔度研究进展评述

本文通过分析国内外非弹性应变恢复(ASR)法地应力测量研究现状,并对ASR法中重要的柔度参数作了系统整理,认为该测量方法在理论上逐渐趋于成熟,在技术应用上有广阔的前景,但该地应力测量原理中,针对温度、应力环境(作用应力)对ASR岩石柔度影响的研究相对较少,还存在一些缺陷,为此提出了该地应力测试方法有待改进或补充的建议,为完善ASR法地应力测量原理指明了研究方向,对今后ASR地应力测量技术的完善和发展具有重要的意义。     

An efficient procedure for isolating microsatellite DNAs from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

The construction of enrichment library proves to be one of the efficient approaches for isolating microsatellites in this study. The genomic DNA of sea cucumber was digested with HaeIII and size-selected DNA fragments (250–700 bp) were ligated to an adaptor. Microsatellite-containing sequences were captured by using a combination of GA and CA probes, which were attached to a nylon membrane. The microsatellite enrichment library constructed in this study consisted of approximately 700 clones. Two hundred and thirty-two clones reacted positively after the library screening procedure. Of the 50 clones sequenced, all contained at least one microsatellite and one duplicate clone was found. Approximately 86% of the sequenced fragments permitted to design primers for sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS).     

可持续水资源系统机制研究

基于系统与可持续理论,探讨了可持续水资源系统的内涵和特性。剖析了可持续水资源系统,主要由动力机制、阻力机制和协调机制构成,三者相互关联、相互作用,共同维系和制约着可持续水资源系统的演化。运用二次非线性微分方程来描述和分析可持续水资源系统的演化动态过程,指出一个系统演化要经历初始、发展、成熟和稳定4个阶段,之后进入下一个演化周期。以上海市为例,评判了可持续水资源系统状态,拟合了2001-2010年可持续水资源系统的演化曲线,并分析给出了该系统这一时段的演变过程。     

基于生成对抗网络的异质人脸图像合成:进展与挑战

异质人脸图像合成旨在生成逼真、可识别的多种视觉形态的人脸肖像,包括画像、漫画等多种模态.异质人脸图像合成在公共安全和数字娱乐领域具有广泛的应用前景和重要的研究价值,已成为当前研究热点之一.近年来,随着生成对抗网络的发展以及其在多种图像风格转换任务中的成功,研究人员利用生成对抗网络构建了多种异质人脸图像合成的新方法.本文简要回顾了异质人脸图像合成的发展历史,并从异质人脸图像合成的应用进展、模型结构、性能评估、数据集和定性分析等方面综述了该领域最新的关键技术的发展情况,展望了异质人脸图像合成面临的挑战以及其关键技术的发展趋势.     

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb age of Late Jurassic OIB-type volcanic rocks from the Tethyan Himalaya: constraints on the initial activity time of the Kerguelen mantle plume

This work presents zircon U–Pb age and whole-rock geochemical data for the volcanic rocks from the Lakang Formation in the southeastern Tethyan Himalaya and represents the initial activity of the Kerguelen mantle plume. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from the volcanic rocks yielded a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 147 ± 2 Ma that reflects the time of Late Jurassic magmatism. Whole rock analyses of major and trace elements show that the volcanic rocks are characterized by high content of TiO₂ (2.62 wt%–4.25 wt%) and P₂O₅ (0.38 wt%–0.68 wt%), highly fractionated in LREE/HREE [(La/Yb)_N = 5.35–8.31] with no obvious anomaly of Eu, and HFSE enrichment with no obvious anomaly of Nb and Ta, which are similar to those of ocean island basalts and tholeiitic basaltic andesites indicating a mantle plume origin. The Kerguelen mantle plume produced a massive amount of magmatic rocks from Early Cretaceous to the present, which widely dispersed from their original localities of emplacement due to the changing motions of the Antarctic, Australian, and Indian plates. However, our new geochronological and geochemical results indicate that the Kerguelen mantle plume started from the Late Jurassic. Furthermore, we suggest that the Kerguelen mantle plume may played a significant role in the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland according to the available geochronological, geochemical and paleomagnetic data.     

Formation and evolution of sand deserts in Xinjiang,Northwest China: I. Provenances ofdesert sands简

Sandy desert landscape is a geological product of arid climate and abundant sand materials supply in natural conditions, therefore the formation of sandy desert is an ideal studying object for understanding the interaction between various stratigraphic/epigenetic spheres of the earth system. However, until now, the knowledge about the provenance and formation of these deserts in Xinjiang, Central Asia is diverse and inconsistent, a systematic review is necessary. Ancient aeolian sand sediments in the internal areas of these deserts and their twin dust deposits in the Cenozoic strata surrounding the Xinjiang deserts are direct and indirect clues reflecting the provenance of sand materials and the formation and evolution of deserts. Based on the geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic evidences of desert sands and relevant deposits in the peripheral regions, this paper reviews the research progress on the development of the sandy deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Many proofs proposed that desert sands in Xinjiang were mainly sourced from the ancient pluvial, alluvial and fluvial sediments and were eventually achieved because of the local sand supply. It pointed out that the settings of tectonic structure in Xinjiang had made sediments both in the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin being influenced greatly by regional hydrological system and aeolian processes originated from the planetary wind system of westerly, the East Asian winter monsoon and the topographical mountain-valley winds. However, the directions of transpor- tation paths are different between the hydrological dynamics and the aeolian dynamics, which are decided by the slantwise structures of the basins tectonics and the regional atmospheric circulation routes, respectively, and have determined anisotropies of the transport pathway of these sediments delivered by different agents. This results in a geological cycle of detrital sediment transportation in the two large sediment mixing, alternation and recycle basins and thus largely increases the degree of between younger and older sediment sources, as well as the complexity and diversity of sand provenances.     

小型化体积式钻孔应变仪的研制

体积式钻孔应变仪力学原理简单,易于获取可靠资料,但受尺寸限制。现有TJ-2型体应变仪的安装钻孔直径必须大于130 mm,钻孔成本较大,为减少钻孔经费,本文对体积式钻孔应变仪的小型化进行研究,计算体积式钻孔应变仪的灵敏系数和视压缩模量,并根据结果结合材料工艺,研制钻孔直径为110 mm的应变仪。     

滇西宝兴厂喜山期复式岩体锆石标型特征及成因意义

文章运用Pupin的锆石群型研究方法,对滇西宝兴厂喜马拉雅期复式岩体中锆石的鉴定和统计,研究表明,本区复式岩体中的锆石有18种亚型,主要由{100}、{110}柱面和{111}、{311}锥面组成,其中柱面以{100}特优发育,锥面以{111}最为发育;众所周知,温度、酸性、碱性程度等对晶形的发育影响很大,本次研究锆石结晶速度较快,结晶温度较低,且在偏碱性的环境下形成的。锆石的结晶标型显示本区复式岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔混合成因的花岗岩,具有富水、富碱、富含成矿物质的特征,成为有利成矿的岩浆系统。     

缺测站干旱流域生态输水遥感监测与农业节水效益分析

生态输水与农业节水是实现内陆干旱流域可持续发展的重要手段,连续水文观测资料的缺乏制约了生态输水与农业节水效益评价。为此,以中国甘肃敦煌疏勒河流域下游为例,基于遥感水文站与谷歌地球引擎进行2016—2020年月尺度的生态输水遥感监测,在此基础上结合蒸散发和土地覆盖类型等多源遥感数据评价生态输水与农业节水效益,分析两者之间在水资源方面的平衡关系。结果表明：（1） 遥感水文站与谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine, GEE）能够为生态输水遥感监测与农业节水效益评价提供可靠的数据支撑。（2） 2017—2020年生态输水能够为下游湿地与河道平均每年提供2.50×10⁸ m³生态用水,其中30.06%的水量到达下游湿地,18.47%的水量被下游河道周边的植被所利用,且使下游河道周边植被面积增加112.25 km²。（3） 农业节水在保持耕地面积维持上升趋势的前提下,2017—2020年平均每年降低耕地的蒸散发量0.395×10⁸ m³;耕地蒸散发减少量平均占生态输水量的14.22%,农业节水有效缓解了内陆干旱流域农业用水挤占生态用水的问题。本文将为内陆干旱缺测站流域的生态输水遥感监测与农业节水效益评价提供新的思路,以期为未来的生态输水与农业节水工程的实施提供理论支撑。