发酵浒苔对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响

浒苔经发酵后按添加比例（0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%）分别加入到珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀）基础饲料中配制成6种饲料,用以探讨发酵浒苔对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长、肠消化酶活性及血清非特异性免疫力的影响。选用初始平均体质量为（19.16±0.25）g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为研究材料,试验周期28 d。结果表明:发酵浒苔能显著影响石斑鱼的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）（P<0.05）,且随着发酵浒苔添加水平的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在2%组添加量时显著高于对照组。同时,相比于对照组,各添加组饲料系数（FCR）均有下降,在2%组时显著降低（P<0.05）。添加发酵浒苔可以显著提高血清总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活性（P<0.05）,但对溶菌酶（LZM）和酚氧化酶（PO）活性影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。在添加组中,淀粉酶、脂肪酶以及胰蛋白酶活性均得到了显著提高（P<0.05）,添加水平在2%~3%时效果最好。综合发酵浒苔对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的作用效果可以看出,发酵浒苔可以明显促进其生长,提高非特异性免疫力及肠道中消化酶活力,建议发酵浒苔在饲料中添加量为2%左右。     

地下结构抗震理论分析与试验研究的发展展望

目前我国在地下结构抗震分析与破坏灾变机理研究中尚存在诸多问题需要解决,在分析总结我国地下结构抗震理论与试验研究的基础上,重点阐述了需要进一步深入研究的六个关键问题:地下结构振动模型试验研究技术,土体非线性动力本构模型,高轴压的地下结构承重构件地震破坏机理,非一致波动输入及非一致波动输入下地下结构的地震反应,饱和砂土液化大变形理论及本构模型,大型三维非线性土-结构动力相互作用分析模型。这些问题的研究和解决对于完善地下结构抗震理论分析方法与试验研究技术,获得大型地下结构在地震作用下的反应规律与破坏灾变机理具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。     

西安灞河流域现代岩溶作用与CO2吸收量

本文探讨了灞河流域岩溶特征、CO²估算方法和CO²吸收量。观测资料表明,灞河流 域河水中ｐＨ值在冬春季高,夏秋季低,而ＨＣＯ３含量通常与ｐＨ相反。河水和黄土地下水中 ｐＨ值、ＨＣＯ３等化学成分含量与北方南部石灰岩区岩溶水基本相同,表明该区现代岩溶作用 明显,黄土地层也在不断吸收CO²,并对全球碳循环有重要影响。雨水富含CO²,其中约有 ８２％的CO²被岩溶过程吸收,１８％左右的随河水流失。根据一个流域CO²输入量和输出量,可 以计算岩溶过程中 CO²吸收量。计算表明,灞河流域现代岩溶过程中每年吸收的 CO²约为５６３２．８ｔ。     

基于混合波场地震动输入技术的近海场地地震反应分析方法

基于人工边界子结构模型,提出一种利用混合波场实现近海场地中地震P波和SV波垂直输入的方法.该方法中用于波动输入的混合波场由计算模型两侧截断边界的自由波场和底面边界的入射波场构成,避免了不规则近海场地的自由波场求解.同时采用基于声流体单元的流固耦合算法模拟场地-海水动力相互作用,利用流体介质人工边界和黏弹性人工边界单元模...     

Determining suspended sediment concentration and settling velocity from PC-ADP measurements in the Beibu Gulf, China

Modeling sediment transport depends on several parameters, such as suspended sediment concentration (SSC), shear stress, and settling velocity. To assess the ability of Pulse-Coherent Acoustic Doppler Profiling (PC-ADP) to non-intrusively quantify spatial and temporal SSC and settling velocity at seabed, a field experiment was conducted in the Beibu Gulf (Tonkin Gulf), in the South China Sea. The spatial profiles and temporal variations in SSC at 1 m above bottom were derived from PC-ADP acoustic backscatter intensity determinations after being calibrated with the optical backscatter sensor (OBS) measurements at the same elevation. The PC-ADP and OBS results agreed well. The temporal settling velocity obtained from Rouse profiles agreed well with the Soulsby formula based on size information by LISST (laser in situ scattering and transmissometry). Tides and tidal currents are diurnal in the gulf. SSC increased with increasing ebb and flood flow, and it rapidly decreased with the increase of distance from the seabed. The maximum SSC at 0.16 m and 1.3 m above bottom reached 816 mg/L and 490 mg/L during spring tides, respectively. The sediments consisted of mineral particles 23-162 μm in diameter and 0.05-2.04 cm/s in settling velocity. Generally, both the SSC and settling velocity followed variations in the bottom friction. Results suggest that PC-ADP is able to provide reasonable SSC and settling velocity measurements of both profiles and time series for a long study period.     

基于PSInSAR技术的山东半岛蓝黄交迭区地面沉降发育特征与影响因素识别

研究区位于山东半岛蓝色经济区和黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的交迭地带,区位优势明显。地面沉降灾害的发生对该区规划建设和港口防潮堤高程构成了威胁,因此,全面了解该区地面沉降的发育特征,尤其是掌握地面沉降的主要影响因素极其重要。前人在不同时段内应用GPS和水准测量方法对该区局部地段地面沉降开展了相应研究,但未对全区地面沉降状况进行分析评价,尚不能有效支撑区域规划建设及地面沉降防控管理。文章在前人研究基础上,基于PSInSAR遥感技术分析了该区地面沉降速率及其变化状况,并与水准测量成果进行了对比。认为多年来该区地面沉降现象明显,超过75%的区域发生了不同程度的地面沉降,在寿光-广饶交界处、寿光-滨海开发区北部、寿光城区西北部和昌邑-滨海开发区北部等存在多个显著片区,且多年变化总体呈现加重趋势;区内存在16个沉降中心,最大沉降速率达到29~168 mm/a,沉降速率超过40 mm/a的占比达到62%以上,主要分布于研究区西部和西北部;该区地面沉降受区域构造、地层结构、地下水开采和地面荷载等因素影响,其中地下水开采是区域地面沉降发生的主致因素,地面荷载加强了局部地段的不均匀沉降程度,区域构造和地层结构为地面沉降发育和加剧提供了地质背景条件。     

雨滴溅蚀下压实黄土变形破坏规律研究

针对工程建设中存在的裸露黄土路堤边坡水土流失现象,为进一步研究降雨条件下雨滴击溅对路堤边坡的破坏作用,本文通过室内模拟单雨滴溅蚀试验,观测试件表面溅蚀坑深度随时间的变化情况,分析不同地表压实度和雨滴击溅速率两种因素作用下压实黄土的溅蚀破坏规律。在此基础上,研究了压实度、含水率对黄土耐溅蚀性的影响,分析了降雨强度与土体溅蚀破坏的关系。结果表明:当溅蚀坑内存在薄层积水时,短历时降雨易使土体发生表层破坏;反之,容易产生二次溅蚀,二次溅蚀易造成黄土路堤边坡的深层破坏。     

The new basic theory on Quaternary environmental research

On the basis of extensive survey to the Quaternary paleosols, soils and weathering layers in the vast northern China and the Loess Plateau, we found some unusually special phenomena of chemical components such as unsuccessive illuvium, twin illuviums, unusually thick illuvium and multi-illuviums etc. According to the analysis on the content of CaCO3 and the data of penetrating experiment, a new theory of illuvial depth or removal depth of CaCO3 in weathering and leaching belt was constructed, which indicates that the time of CaCO3 removing to the illuvial depth is very short, and the effect of time factor on illuvial depth can be ignored. The theory can be taken as a credible foundation for studying many geological and geographical problems in weathering and leaching belt. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of developing belt of soil or paleosol, it can be determined that the paleosol has turned into weathering crust. When the illuvial depth of CaCO3 is bigger than the thickness of paleosol, paleosol is leaching moderately acid soil. When two, three layers or unusually thick CaCO3 illuviums exist in the same weathering section or at the bottom of the same paleosol, there were two or more periods forming paleosol and corresponding climatic stages at that time. On the basis of the equation of relationship between mean annual rainfall (y) and illuvial depth of CaCO3 (x) (y = 305.5x + 168.5) determined in the paper, mean annual precipitation during the development of paleosol can be calculated.     

InSAR形变测量精度的精密关系式

基于InSAR形变测量基本原理,从基线沿水平向分解和基线沿视向分解两个方面出发,详细给出基线分解时的高度、斜距、基线,以及相位等量误差之间在互相独立和互相不独立两种情况下对InSAR形变测量精度影响的精密关系式.通过与已有的InSAR形变测量精度关系式比较可以看出,给出的InSAR形变测量精度的精密关系式具有较高的精密性和广泛的适用范围.     

利用元胞自动机计算河道槽蓄量

构建基于元胞自动机的河道水流漫延模型,在该模型中针对河道地形特点处理边界问题,基于水力学中的曼宁公式构建模型局部转换规则,并利用元胞自动机的模拟空间复杂系统动态演变能力的特点,模拟了水流由上断面向下断面流动的动态过程,形成符合上下断面水位的水面,进而计算河道槽蓄量.实验结果表明,把元胞自动机模型引入水文领域计算河道槽蓄量的方法具有可行性.