燕山东段地区与花岗岩有关的几个问题探讨

详细研究了燕山东段地区花岗岩类的侵入时代、产出形式和成因类型 ,指出该区与花岗岩有关的三个金属成矿系列。     

Mobility of Phosphorus during the Weathering of Volcanic Ashes

Data are presented on phosphorus mobility during the weathering of rhyolite–dacite tephra of the modern and ancient eruptions. Distal tephra cannot be considered a phosphorus source, since phosphorous has low mobility during weathering both in subaerial and subaqueous sedimentation conditions. However, volcanic ashes exert a fertilization effect, providing the supply of nutrient elements into the ecosystem of internal basins and coastal zones.     

The nature of peculiar stellar complexes

The nature of stellar complexes with peculiar populations and morphologies is investigated. The existence in the LMC of complexes made up of isolated stars, on the one hand, and consisting exclusively of clusters, on the other hand, could be due to different turbulence patterns in the initial gaseous medium. Arc-shaped stellar complexes are unlikely to be the result of star formation in a gaseous shell swept up by a central source of pressure, and instead probably reflect the shape of a bow shock that develops when a sufficiently dense cloud is subject to dynamical pressure. A peculiar arc-shaped complex in NGC 6946, which contains a young, massive cluster, may be the result of an oblique infall of a high-velocity cloud onto a region of the gaseous disk of the Galaxy with a strong, regular magnetic field; the properties of this complex can be explained as the result of a collision of the resulting shocks. The arc-shaped complexes in the LMC were also probably produced by high-velocity clouds moving obliquely through the more tenuous gas of the LMC disk. A similar complex in NGC 300 may owe its origin to the effect produced on a dense cloud by the shock from an extremely powerful external explosion, whose stellar remnant may have survived as an X-ray source now located along the line of symmetry of the arc of the complex. The rareness of such structures can be explained by the narrow range of conditions under which they can develop.     

Structure of gas flows in Z And in quiescence and during outbursts

A new mechanism is proposed to account for transitions between the quiescent and active states of symbiotic stars. A numerical study of the gas dynamics of the flows in the symbiotic star Z And shows that even small variations in the velocity of the wind from the cool giant can abruptly change the flow structure near the hot component. Such changes alter the accretion regime as the wind velocity increases: disk accretion makes a transition to accretion from the flow. Our calculations indicate that the accretion rate increases by a factor of several tens over a short time interval (～0.1 of the orbital period) during the rearrangement of the flow, when the accretion disk is destroyed.     

Color redshifts and the age of the stellar population of distant RC radio galaxies

BV RI data are presented for the majority of steep-spectrum objects in the RC catalog with m _R <23.5^m. Previously developed programs are applied to these data to estimate the redshifts and ages of the stellar systems of the host galaxies. Applying this program to the color data (BV RI JHK) for distant radio galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts indicates that this approach provides accurate estimates of the redshifts of such radio galaxies, close to those obtained using field galaxies (～20%). The age estimates are much less trustworthy, but a lower limit to the ages of objects that are not very distant (z<1.5) can be determined with certainty. We have identi fied several galaxies whose formal ages exceed the age of the Universe at the corresponding z in simple Cold Dark Matter models for the Universe. The possibility of using such objects to elucidate the role of “dark energy” is discussed. This paradox disappears in models with cosmological constants (Λ terms) equal to 0.6–0.8.     

Low-temperature thermodynamic properties of disordered zeolites of the natrolite group

 The heat capacity of paranatrolite and tetranatrolite with a disordered distribution of Al and Si atoms has been measured in the temperature range of 6–309 K using the adiabatic calorimetry technique. The composition of the samples is represented with the formula (Na_1.90K_0.22Ca_0.06)[Al_2.24Si_2.76O₁₀]·nH₂O, where n=3.10 for paranatrolite and n=2.31 for tetranatrolite. For both zeolites, thermodynamic functions (vibrational entropy, enthalpy, and free energy function) have been calculated. At T=298.15 K, the values of the heat capacity and entropy are 425.1 ± 0.8 and 419.1 ±0.8 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for paranatrolite and 381.0 ± 0.7 and 383.2 ± 0.7 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for tetranatrolite. Thermodynamic functions for tetranatrolite and paranatrolite with compositions corrected for the amount of extraframework cations and water molecules have also been calculated. The calculation for tetranatrolite with two water molecules and two extraframework cations per formula yields: C _p (298.15)=359.1 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, S(298.15) −S(0)=362.8 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹. Comparing these values with the literature data for the (Al,Si)-ordered natrolite, we can conclude that the order in tetrahedral atoms does not affect the heat capacity. The analysis of derivatives dC/dT for natrolite, paranatrolite, and tetranatrolite has indicated that the water- cations subsystem within the highly hydrated zeolite may become unstable at temperatures above 200 K. Received: 30 July 2001 / Accepted: 15 November 2001     

A Model for the polar motion of the deformable Earth adequate for astrometric data

Refined analytical expressions for the frequencies corresponding to the Chandler motion of the pole and the diurnal rotation of the deformable Earth are derived. Numerical estimates of the period and amplitude of the polar oscillations are presented. The trajectory of the Chandler polar motion derived via numerical modeling is in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental data from the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). An evolutionary model describing slow variations in the Earth’s rotation parameters under the action of the dissipative moments of the tidal gravitational forces on time scales considerably longer than the precession period of the Earth’s axis is constructed. The axis of the Earth’s figure tends to approach the angular momentum vector of the proper rotation.     

人工值守台数字化地震仪标定原理

推导了人工台数字化地震仪的分段标定公式，提出数字化记录系统的微分近似标定和拾震器阻尼衰减法标定的方法，并提供了不同短周期地震仪与数字化地震仪并行的藕合方式和标定计算公式。     

山西夏县台热水井水氡异常特征与地震的关系初探

为弄清山西夏县中心地震台水氡震前异常的原因 ,对山西夏县中心地震台热水井水氡 1984年以来的观测资料用概率论的数据处理方法进行了处理 ,以负异常的发震原理进行了分析 ,结果表明震前负异常的发震概率为 70 %。     

圆弧状沉积盆地与软土单覆盖层出平面地表运动对比

采用解析方法，通过圆弧状沉积盆地与同样参数的软土均匀单覆盖层的对比，研究沉积盆地对平面SH波二维散射效应和其出平面地表运动。数值对比结果表明：（1）波垂直入射时盆地中央地表位移幅值反应，其随频率变化形式与软土单覆盖层的地表运动有较强的对应性，且此时单覆盖层地表位移幅值为其下降；（2）盆地的二维散射效应特点显著波的汇聚作用使盆地中的地表运动显著放大，总体上较软土单覆盖层的地表位移幅值要大，其频域内的最大反应则明显大于单覆盖层情况，但最大反应在盆地表面出现的位置依赖于入射波角度、盆地深宽比和盆地的软硬程度；（3）沉积盆地中地表位移运动有强烈扭转效应，且随盆地变软和入射波频率增高而增强。