地震测深中的地震波衰减

基于在河南、湖北、江苏、安徽等省和西藏自治区进行的人工地震测深工作,详细分析了不同爆炸方式(水中爆炸、井中组合爆炸、矿山和洞室爆炸),不同炸药量(1.2～500吨)和不同观测距离(5～500公里)的实测资料,讨论了爆炸方式与衰减的关系。结果表明,水中爆炸的弹性波转换系数最大,并以组合爆炸方式获得最佳的效果。本文提出地震测深中的地震波衰减遵循关系式:V_m=β(R/W~1/3)-r式中,V_m 为地表运动最大速度,(R/W~1/3) 为折合距离,r 为衰减系数。(r=1.5～1.6)。文中简要讨论了地壳厚度与地震波衰减的关系。     

光固印模法测量人造冰晶和雾滴

1981年吉林省气象科学研究所等单位研制出,在自然云雾中复制固液态粒子的光固印模新技术。作者将此项技术扩展应用到实验室条件下,复制人造冰晶和雾滴。直径几微米至100微米的人造冰晶和雾滴的印模实验指出:光固印模法复制云室冰晶非常理想,印模清晰,失真度小,并能保存,可取代现用糖液检测冰晶的方法;由于光固液膜对小雾滴的捕获效率低,并受取样时环境的温度、湿度和取样风速的影响严重,所以用它复制雾滴受到一定的限制。     

Gravity waves on the axis of low level jet and their instability

Using the wind data at mountain stations, gravity waves on the axis of low level jet and their relation to rain clusters have been studied by means of the spectrum method. It is found that the spectrum densities of both wind and rainfall reach their maximums at the period of 8 h and the module between wind and rainfall also reach the maximum in that range. Both observation and theoretical study give the same con-clusion that the unstable development of gravity waves depends not only on the atmospheric stratification but also on the vertical shear of the environmental wind. The appearance of the jet-shape vertical profile of wind is favourable for the unstable development of gravity waves. The lower the height of the axis, the larger the growth rate of amplitude.     

地磁Z分量日变幅度相关分析与唐山7.8级地震

本文给出了唐山地震前后昌黎台、宝抵台和北京台相对红山台地磁场垂直分量Z日变幅相关分析的结果。结果表明震前三台均有异常显示,昌黎台最为明显,异常时间为数月,异常幅度为数伽马。综合文献[1,2]及本文结果,简单讨论了这类变化的可能机制,提出包体破裂失稳—孔隙流体扩散—包体膨胀硬化过程可能是引起这种变化的原因。     

论岩体力学模型

岩体力学是研究现状的地质体受力条件改变时产生变形、破坏及其力学性质形成规律的科学。地质体与一般材料不同,由于其成因和经历的历史过程不同,致使其成分、结构及其形成条件不同。故现状的地质体当受力条件改变时,其力学作用,即变形和破坏机理亦不同。在进行岩体力学研究时,必须清楚地看到这一点。当前岩体力学研究成效不大的重要原因之一,就是没有注意地质体这一特点,在进行岩体力学研究时,不加分析地把地质体一律做为连续介质力学模型处理,显然是不合适的。     

Geochemistry of petroporphyrins in oil-generating formations in North China

With oil-generating formations in the Dongying basin as the objective of study, this paper deals with the relations among petroporphyrins, lithology, oxidation-reduction conditions, maturation and conversion of organic matter, and burial depth. It is considered that the content of petroporphyrins in the oil-generating formations depends on the quantity and nature of organic matter, sediment ary environment and burial depth. There is a porphyrin-rich interval at 2,200–2,700 m with the corresponding geothermal temperature ranging from 93° to 119°C. It is also an oil-accumulating zone. Nickel in the crude or in the nucleus of petroporphyrin is accumulated during the process of oil generation. Nickel-porphyrin abundance in the oil-generating formations has a negative correlation with the content of nickel. Evaluation of the oil-generating formations has been made on the bosis of petroporphyrin data.     

山西寿阳—阳泉地区石炭—二叠系沉积环境及其沉积特征

本区石炭—二叠系是在海湾背景下发育的一套由滨海平原—三角洲平原—冲积平原沉积组成的海退层系。主要沉积环境是三角洲平原,其上部为冲积平原包括网状河和辫状河;下部为海湾（或分支间湾）、潮下碳酸盐岩、潮间介壳滩、碎屑岩潮坪及滨海沼泽湿地等。三角洲为河控浅水三角洲。上述沉积环境,随海水退却在时空上具明显的规律性变化。     

东亚大尺度低空急流的背景流场与东半球的越赤道气流

本文介绍了关于东亚大尺度低空急流背景流场的研究,指出其上游的季风西风带对它的重要作用,以及它与东非地区越赤道气流之间的关系。利用欧洲中期预报中心提供的资料,考查了1979,1982和1983年8个夏季月的东亚大尺度低空急流,进一步研究了它们的上游流场和背景气流,指出东亚地区的低空急流主要以亚洲季风为背景。大风动量一次一次地沿着季风气流向急流区传播,它还与越赤道气流关系密切;绝大多数大尺度低空急流是东半球几支越赤道气流东传后汇合的产物。5月,以80°E附近的越赤道气流为主;6月中旬后,索马里地区低空急流建立,东非越赤道气流成为主要的影响系统,并经常与105°E的越赤道气流共同作用影响我国或东亚地区的低空急流。     

Multielemental Neutron Activation Analysis of Chinese Geochemical Reference Samples

The concentrations of 36 elements in geochemical reference samples issued by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China were determined by neutron activation analysis. Three main variants of the technique, instrumental, epithermal, and nreirradiation separation neutron activation analysis (INAA, ENAA, PNAA), were employed in a systematic study of the samples by three laboratories: the Institute of Atomic Energy of the Academia Sinica (INAA, ENAA), the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Academia Sinica (INAA), and the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Prosnecting of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral resources (INAA,PNAA). Both long and short irradiations and both Ge(Li) and HPGe detectors were used. A supplementary software nackage for data processing was developed. About 81% of the data determined by neutron activation agreed with recomended values with in 15%.     

吉林省太古宙TTG岩类固结的温度压力条件

吉林省太古宙ＴＴＧ岩类型成于变质上壳岩系麻粒岩相变质作用晚期阶段。详细的岩相学研究表明，ＴＴＧ岩类中存在岩浆结晶的绿帘石，角闪石和黑云母等。绿帘石的出现标志了一定的压条件。