基于信息化时代的遥感数据存档路径研究

信息化时代的发展,新技术革命正逐步改变着传统工业化的发展格局,遥感数据在土地覆盖监测、森林覆盖监测、草地覆盖监测以及湿地资源监测等方面具有不可忽视的重要作用.信息时代,实现遥感数据存档、共享、资源开发利用是当前考虑的重点问题.本文主要阐述信息时代遥感数据存档的必要性,分析当前遥感数据存档面临的主要问题,并提出适应社会生...     

基于能量原理的Park & Ang损伤模型简化计算方法

Park＆Ang损伤模型综合考虑了结构最大变形和累积滞回耗能的耦合作用,具有一定的先进性,被国内外研究者广泛采用;但由于该模型中参数的计算困难,尤其涉及结构滞回耗能的计算问题时,该模型的应用受到了一定的限制;文中从能量的关系入手,寻找出结构滞回耗能与结构最大位移的关系,利用该关系可方便求解出结构的滞回耗能,从而为该模型的计算提供了一种简便方法;最后,例题分析证明本文的方法简便可行,计算效率高。     

腰椎管侧隐窝分型及影响侧隐窝狭窄症诊断的几个因素（附120例CTM分析）

作者对１２０例因下腰痛手术治疗在术前进行过ＣＴＭ检查的患者作了影像学及临床分析．按形态不同，侧隐窝可分为五种类型：（１）三角型，即整个椎管呈倒三角形，其侧隐窝完全开放；（２）猫耳型，因后关节和椎体后缘轻度增生，形成底宽顶尖的侧隐窝，整个椎管形如猫头，侧脸窝为猫耳，基本开放；（３）牛角型，因关节突向椎体方向过度增生使侧隐窝呈横向伸开的带状，中央椎管不窄，横断面形如牛头，侧阴窝为牛角，严重者侧隐窝可近于闭塞；（４）三叶草型，极度增生的关节突加上向后实入的椎体后缘使整个椎管呈三叶草状，侧隐窝和中央椎管均狭窄；（５）混合型，多为上述形状的混合或两侧侧隐窝发育不对称．前二型不易形成对神经的压迫，后三型易造成压迫．但即使最狭窄的侧隐窝也不一定产生症状，因为关键在于神经根和侧隐窝的宽度的相对关系．因此作者提出单纯依靠侧隐窝的宽度不能诊断侧隐窝狭窄症，而是要判断神经是否被侧隐窝压迫．因此ＣＴＭ在侧隐窝狭窄症的诊断中有突出意义．     

基于频率特征点提取的遥感融合图像无参考评价方法研究

针对现有的图像融合评价方法存在受地物的影响较大、评价结果过于笼统、实用性不强的问题,提出使用局部特征点进行图像融合评价的方法,首先定量地确定图像中的高频特征点,然后以高频特征点为依据提取图像中高频区域和低频区域,最后通过空间信息获取程度和光谱信息保留程度两个方面对融合图像进行评价.实验结果表明,本文中提出的评价方法要优...     

基于Pearson关联模型的长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业发展的影响因素

为优化长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局,促进区域海洋经济的转型升级,文章采用Pearson关联模型,选取2014年长三角地区11个沿海城市的代表性数据,分别计算和分析海洋战略性新兴产业增加值与其影响因素的相关系数,并提出建议。研究结果表明:长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业发展较好,但存在增速较缓和区域不平衡等问题;与长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业增加值极强相关和强相关的主要为经济发展水平和科技支撑力度2个方面的影响因素;长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局应优先考虑经济和科技较发达的城市,并逐渐带动和辐射其他沿海城市和周边内陆城市,促进整体发展。     

层状云对积云发展和降水的影响——一种云与云之间影响的数值模拟

利用我们已建立的二维积云降水模式,在相同的大气层结条件下,模拟了孤立积云和层状云中积云的发展和降水情况。结果表明,层状云的存在对积云的发展有显著的促进作用,降水量可加大到几到几十倍,从而认为积层混合云系可能是产生大雨和暴雨的一种重要机构,这与梅雨锋里锋区混合云系常产生暴雨的观测事实比较符合。     

ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF TEMPERATURE ON FOUR URBAN UNDERLYING SURFACES AND FITTING ANALYSIS

Based on the observed 2-year temperature data for four kinds of typical urban underlying surfaces, including asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land, the annual variations and influencing factors of land surface temperature are analyzed. Then fitting equations for surface temperature are established. It is shown that the annual variation of daily average, maximum and minimum temperature and daily temperature range on the four urban underlying surfaces is consistent with the change in air temperature. The difference of temperature on different underlying surfaces in the summer half year (May to October) is much more evident than that in the winter half year (December to the following April). The daily average and maximum temperatures of asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land are higher than air temperature due to the atmospheric heating in the daytime, with that of asphalt being the highest, followed in turn by cement, bare land and grass land. Moreover, the daily average, maximum and minimum temperature on the four urban underlying surfaces are strongly impacted by total cloud amount, daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours. The land surface can be cooled (warmed) by increased total cloud amount (relative humidity). The changes in temperature on bare land and grass land are influenced by both the total cloud amount and the daily average relative humidity. The temperature parameters of the four land surfaces are significantly correlated with daily average, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, daily average relative humidity and total cloud amount, respectively. The analysis also indicates that the range of fitting parameter of a linear regression equation between the surface temperature of the four kinds of typical land surface and the air temperature is from 0.809 to 0.971, passing the F-test with a confidence level of 0.99.     

雷达定量估测降水的亮带自动消除改进方法

层状云降水中,0 ℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水.本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0 ℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估.本研究首先对降水类型进行分类,在SHY95的基础上增加了垂直方向的反射率因子三维特征,避免亮带的反射率因子高值区被误识别为对流云区;其次,在层状云区识别出一个可能的亮带影响区,在其中查找亮带,采用旋转坐标系法精确的识别亮带的顶、底高度;最后,利用最小二乘法拟合亮带上、下层的斜率,平滑垂直廓线(VPR,Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)的显著突出部分.将该方法应用于北京地区2010—2011年10次包含亮带的降水过程,得到的亮带订正后的均方根误差E_RMS、平均绝对误差E_RMA、平均相对误差B_RM值较初值均有显著减小(分别减小1.538 mm,0.417和0.468).结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别与订正亮带,使得定量测量降水精度有所提高.     

一个湍能封闭模型对风暴潮海底底应力的应用研究

将一个三维湍能封闭模型应用于开阔海区的风暴潮，通过数值计算探讨了Ｔａｙｌｏｒ底摩擦二次率的拖曳系数随空间的分布及拖曳系数与水深、海底粗糙度、风向和风速等因素的关系。本文对底摩擦二次率的可靠性做了评价。     

THE APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED MODELING IN PALEOEARTHQUAKE TRENCH STUDY

The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights.