Potential deposition of biogenic silica source sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta estimated with satellite remote sensing

Biogenic silica sediment constitutes one of the critical sources of particle income in the oceans. In this paper, satellite remote sensing of primary production, sinking flux, and molar ratio of Si/C were utilized to elucidate potential biogenic silica sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta. Primary production retrieval showed that daily primary production in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was 3.3–10.8?Mt?d^?1, with 5.8?Mt?d^?1 on average. Sinking flux, retrieved with in situ observations and satellite remote sensing, was within the range of 109–657?mg?Cm^?2?d^?1, or about 23% of total primary production, on average. A molar ratio of Si/C of 0.11–0.45 interval was used in the area, for the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was similar to coastal water and affected by many factors. Considering that phytoplankton in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta is mainly diatom (80% on average), about 0.21–0.88 billion tons of biogenic silica source sediment is produced in the area annually. With the reduction of land source sediment occurring in recent years in the area, biogenic silica sediment may be one of the dominant sediment sources for maintaining the future stability of the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta.     

Gravitational Waves and Gravitational-wave Sourcestwo

The recent discovery of gravitational-wave burst GW150914 marks the coming of a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy, which provides a new window to study the physics of strong gravitational field, extremely massive stars, extremely high energy processes, and extremely early universe. In this article, we introduce the basic characters of gravitational waves in the Einstein's general relativity, their observational effects and main generation mechanisms, including the rotation of neutron stars, evolution of binary systems, and spontaneous generation in the inflation universe. Different sources produce the gravitational waves at quite different frequencies, which can be detected by different methods. In the lowest frequency range (f < 10^?15 Hz), the detection is mainly dependent of the observation of B-mode polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation. In the middle frequency range (10^?9 < f < 10^?6 Hz), the gravitational waves are detected by analyzing the timing residuals of millisecond pulsars. And in the high frequency range (10 ? 4 < f < 10⁴ Hz), they can be detected by the space-based and ground-based laser interferometers. In particular, we focus on the main features, detection methods, detection status, and the future prospects for several important sources, including the continuous sources (e.g., the spinning neutron stars, and stable binary systems), the burst sources (e.g., the supernovae, and the merge of binary system), and the stochastic backgrounds generated by the astrophysical and cosmological process. In addition, we forecast the potential breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy in the near future, and the Chinese projects which might involve in these discoveries.     

U-Pb and Pb-Pb apatite ages for Antarctic achondrite Graves Nunataks 06129

The Antarctic achondrite Graves Nunataks 06128 (GRA 06128) and Graves Nunataks 06129 (GRA 06129) represent a unique high-temperature, nonbasaltic magmatism in the early solar system. These objects have been interpreted as products of low-degree partial melting of volatile-rich chondritic material, which may have been the asteroid parent bodies of brachinite. Previous studies have investigated their crystallization and metamorphic history with various isotope systematics. Here, we report the U-Pb intercept age of 4466 ± 29 Ma and the weighted-average ²⁰⁷Pb-²⁰⁶Pb age of 4460 ± 30 Ma for the Cl-apatite grains from GRA 06129. Our apatite ages are obviously younger than that of the ²⁶Al-²⁶Mg model age (4565.9 ± 0.3 Ma; Shearer et al. 2010a ), but are the same as the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age obtained via step-heating of the bulk rock (4460 ± 28 Ma; Fernandes and Shearer 2010 ; Shearer et al. 2010a ). Based on petrographic observations, merrillites are usually rimmed by apatite and exist as inclusions in apatite. Therefore, the apatite U-Pb age from GRA 06129 probably records a metamorphic event of replacing merrillite with apatite, caused by Cl-rich melts or fluids on their parent body. A collisional event has provided the impact heating for this metamorphic event. Increasing amounts of geochronologic evidence show that the giant impact of the Moon-forming event has affected the asteroid belt at 4450–4470 Ma (Bogard and Garrison 2009 ; Popova et al. 2013 ; Yin et al. 2014 ; Zhang et al. 2016 ). Considering the contemporary metamorphic events for GRA 06129 (4460 ± 30 Ma), it is likely that the asteroid parent body of GRA 06129 was also affected by the same giant impact as the Moon-forming event.     

Detection of Coronal Mass Ejections Using Multiple Features and Space–Time Continuity

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) release tremendous amounts of energy in the solar system, which has an impact on satellites, power facilities and wireless transmission. To effectively detect a CME in Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 images, we propose a novel algorithm to locate the suspected CME regions, using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) method and taking into account the features of the grayscale and the texture. Furthermore, space–time continuity is used in the detection algorithm to exclude the false CME regions. The algorithm includes three steps: i) define the feature vector which contains textural and grayscale features of a running difference image; ii) design the detection algorithm based on the ELM method according to the feature vector; iii) improve the detection accuracy rate by using the decision rule of the space–time continuum. Experimental results show the efficiency and the superiority of the proposed algorithm in the detection of CMEs compared with other traditional methods. In addition, our algorithm is insensitive to most noise.     

苍山5.2MS级地震应力应变异常特性

分析了１９９５年９月２０日山东苍山５．２级地震前,距震中≤２５０ｋｍ范围内,钻孔应力应变台网的异常显示特征。探讨了该次地震前的短临异常特性及其与发震构造体系的关系,并对台网内无异常显示的台站进行客观分析。     

气动潜孔锤钻进技术

研究潜孔锤内部动力过程,优化潜孔锤性能,研制系列适应于不同工况条件及领域的特殊性能潜孔锤,以满足各种钻孔工程需求。将多种先进钻孔工艺方法融于潜孔锤钻进中,形成多工艺潜孔锤钻进行工艺方法,以满足不同施工领域的钻孔施工需求,解决系列钻孔施工难题,推进钻孔技术的进步与发展。     

四川省遥感地质20年巡礼

在简述四川省遥感地质工作２０ 年发展情况之后,展示出我省现已积累了丰富的遥感信息源,较高的计算机图形图像处理技术和遥感应用技术水平,形成了一支强大的遥感应用专业队伍,并已取得了丰硕的遥感地质成果。综合运用遥感、地理信息系统、全球卫星定位系统,在未来的国土资源与生态地学调查中,遥感地学工作必将取得更大的发展。     

造岩矿物性质对岩体可破坏性的影响

工程地基的选址依据,本世纪中叶以前是地基范围内没有断裂,即避免断裂原则。６０年代以后,工程选址的条件由避免断裂转变为考察断裂是否活动。美国率先制定了工程地基范围内活动断裂指标规范,认为具有非活动性断裂的岩体上可以构筑大型工程。花岗岩体规模大,整体性好...     

样本条件对加卸载响应比计算结果的影响分析

基于随机 Posson 模型和Gutenberg-Richter 关系, 构造在10年尺度内样本量从300到5000的若干组模拟地震数据,计算分析各种样本条件下的加卸载响应比Y 时间进程变化。结果表明,计算样本的震级上限M_t 相对于logN-M 关系中拟合线性外推最大震级M_T 的变化对Y的异常分布有一定影响,其影响随地震样本量从小到大而明显减小。当滑动计算时间窗内地震样本为几十个量级, M_t 取为M_T -1.5(或至2. 0)时,随机出现Y 大于2.0的高值异常分布频度明显降低。而当地震样本量达到上百个以上量级, M_t 取为M_T-0. 0(或0. 5)时, Y大于2.0的高异常值随机出现频度即极低。在实际地震资料的Y计算中若注意Mt 的选取后,其结果的稳定性和异常的可信度将得到显著提高。     

天祝-古浪5.4级地震前后波谱异常特征研究

使用CDSN兰州台数字地震记录资料,用IASPEI推荐的Seisg ram谱分析软件,对1996年6月1日发生在甘肃天祝-古浪MS 5. 4地震之前的3个前震和14个余震的波谱特征作了初步研究: ① 在主震后地震的纵横波零频位移谱值的对数比值从1. 2左右下降到1. 0左右; ② 纵横波谱的拐角频率比值和高频衰减斜率比值均由主震前的1. 0下降到主震后的0. 8;③ 各频谱特征量呈现异常的时间基本上同步,其异常形态也相似; ④ 前震的各频谱特征量较余震有明显差异,因而有可能成为预测主震的重要指标。