8—13微米大气窗区水汽吸收系数的观测分析

本文介绍了一种处理太阳光谱的新方法,并用1978年10月在香河取得的观测资料进行了验证,得到了较好的结果。这种方法利用半天中多次光谱观测资料和当时的无线电探空资料把水汽连续吸收的两个吸收系数(强线远翼吸收与双水分子吸收)和气溶胶衰减系数一起计算出来。     

龙须菜RSAP分析及其SCAR标记的转化

初步探讨限制性位点扩增多态性(Restriction site amplified polymorphism,RSAP)分子标记技术在龙须菜遗传多样性检测和种质鉴定上的应用。利用所优化的适合于龙须菜RSAP分析的PCR反应体系,对青岛湛山湾野生群体和栽培品系981、07-2进行遗传多样性分析和比较。试验采用15对引物组合在3个群体14个龙须菜个体中共扩增出669个位点,其中多态位点数为146个,多态性比例22%,平均每对引物产生10条多态性条带,片段大小在100~1 000 bp之间。湛山湾野生群体的Na(1.007 5)、Ne(1.007 1)、H(0.003 6)、I(0.005 1)与栽培品系981的Na(1.003 0)、Ne(1.002 1)、H(0.001 2)、I(0.001 8),以及栽培品系07-2的Na(1.009 0)、Ne(1.006 3)、H(0.003 7)、I(0.005 4)相比较可知3个群体的遗传多样性是有差异的。种群间的遗传多样性分析表明,在所有检测的样品中,遗传多样性多来自不同群体间的多样性。群体遗传结构分析表明,2个栽培品系981、07-2间遗传距离不大,但栽培品系与湛山湾野生群体间的遗传距离相对较大,而UPGMA聚类分析也明显的将湛山湾野生群体与栽培品系981、07-2区分开来,表明野生群体与栽培品系间已产生一定的遗传隔离。通过分析湛山湾野生群体及栽培品系981、07-2的RSAP指纹图谱,从中筛选栽培品系981的特异条带,并将其转化为稳定性好、特异性高的序列特征化扩增区(Sequence characterized amplified regions,SCAR)分子标记。     

康定杂岩的时代及成因探讨

四川西南部前震旦纪康定杂岩,主要由英云闪长质深成岩和一些具残留顶盖特征的变质地层组成。深成岩体呈南北向线性展布,实地接触关系证明,它们是晚于围岩的侵入体;而且岩相学和地球化学特征表明,深成岩是玄武质源的岩浆分离结晶作用产物.结合区内岩石构造组合,可以推断英云闪长质深成岩是在位于陆缘型岩浆弧近大洋的构造环境下形成.鉴于康定杂岩的岩石组合及地球化学特征与太古代地体存在明显差别,其时代应属于元古代.     

Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms

~~Wind tunnel simulation experiment and investigation on the electrification of sandstorms~~     

Soil CO2 efflux, carbon dynamics, and change in thermal conditions from contrasting clear-cut sites during natural restoration and uncut larch forests in northeastern China

With the implementation of the Chinese Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) in 1998, over millions of hectares of forest in northeastern China have been protected through natural restoration (closure of hills). The impact of this program on the carbon budget of soil has not been evaluated until now. This paper presents results from a 6-year study of total CO₂ efflux from both soil and litter (R _total), CO₂ flux from soil (R _soil), soil organic matter (SOM), soil microbe density, and litter input and root biomass at an uncut larch (Larix gmelinii) forest and at a natural restoration site. The natural restoration area is a clear-cut site that was formerly part of a continuous portion of the uncut larch forest. Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the magnitude of CO₂ efflux from typical sites in northeastern China; (2) explore the changes in thermal conditions, SOM, and annual CO₂ flux during the 6-year natural restoration, and (3) evaluate the impact of NFCP on soil carbon processes. The annual R _soil at the clear-cut site (58.6–68.2 mol m^???2 year^???1) was 113.6–228.4% (mean 141.5%) higher than that at the uncut larch site (29.6–58.4 mol m^???2 year^???1). At the same time, annual CO₂ from litter at the clear-cut site (2.0–14.2 mol m^???2 year^???1) was only 23.5–84.5% (mean 52.5%) of that at the uncut larch site (5.4–16.8 mol m^???2 year^???1). SOM at the surface layer of the clear-cut site was 75% of that at the uncut larch site, but the soil microbial biomass (carbon) at the clear-cut site was much higher than that at the larch site (p?<?0.05). The percentage of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes also were largely different between both sites. Natural restoration at the clear-cut site strongly affected thermal conditions. Although the soil temperature (T _soil) and effective accumulated $T_{\rm soil} > 0^{\circ}$ C at the clear-cut site was much higher, the temperature sensitivity (Q ₁₀) was much lower than that at the uncut larch site, and their differences decreased linearly from 2001 to 2006 (p?<?0.05). Moreover, Q ₁₀ at the clear-cut site significantly increased with the progress of natural restoration, which diminished the Q ₁₀ difference between the two sites (slope?=???0.2792, r ²?=?0.4744, p?<?0.05). These data imply that the NFCP natural restoration process has positively recovered the thermal condition of the clear-cut site to the level of uncut larch forest during the 6-year period. However, linear regression analysis showed that the 6-year natural restoration only slightly affected the annual soil CO₂ efflux and SOM at both sites, and also did not diminish the differences between the two sites (p?>?0.10), indicating that a much longer time is necessary to restore the soil carbon in the clear-cut site.     

Multifractal process of runoff fluctuation of the Kaidu River in Xinjiang,China

Based on the hydrological data in the headwater region of the Kaidu River during 1972–2011, the multifractal process of runoff fluctuation was analyzed. Results indicated that, in the past 40 years, the overall runoff of the Kaidu River in Xinjiang has shown significant multifractal behavior. Its singular curve lnχ_q(ε)–ln(ε) verified a favorable scale invariance over the entire time scale. τ(q)–q proved that evolution of the runoff time series presented multifractal characteristics. Moreover,the multifractal spectrum f(α)–α curve was hooklike leftward which indicated that, compared to relatively large runoff events. And Δf0 indicated that these relatively small events took the leading role; B0 explained the Kaidu River's daily-runoff ascending tendency presented during 1972–2011. Besides that, the multifractal behavior of the Kaidu River's runoff variability over four decades was also analyzed. Generally speaking, by decades, their four corresponding spectrum variations were not noticeable. These Δα values showed larger runoff events occupied the leading position with some local values falling. During the 1970 s to the 1990 s, Δf0 illustrated the probability of the daily runoff at the lowest point is always larger than that of the highest during three continuous decades. At the beginning of the 21 st century, for Δf0 the trend presented was contrary from the 1970 s to the 1990 s. B values suggested an overall trend of increases during1972–2011. Until the 21 st century, the runoff with a slightly descending tendency on the whole explained these relatively large runoff events taking the leading role for the Kaidu River; but sometimes, some small events also played the dominant role.     

苏南直溪桥盆地早第三纪地层孢粉组合及地质意义

江苏早第三纪地层 ,大部分隐埋于地下 ,对其研究 ,只能依据大量钻孔资料 ,分歧意见较多。通过对直溪桥盆地钻孔中系统孢粉资料的全面分析对比 ,来确定该地区的地层层序及时代归属 ,从而阐明早第三纪时期的古气候及古环境     

北京密云水库表层沉积物磁性矿物的鉴别

本文对密云水库表层沉积物中的磁性矿物进行了岩石磁学和透射电子显微学的综合研究.本实验建立的磁选方法实现将70%~85%左右的磁性矿物从沉积物中分离出来.岩石磁学研究表明,密云水库沉积物中的磁性矿物以多畴和单畴磁铁矿为主,还含有少量高矫顽力弱磁性载磁矿物(可能为赤铁矿).对磁选矿物的透射电镜观测表明,样品中部分单畴磁铁矿具有纳米尺寸和化学纯度高等特点,为拉长的立方-八面体磁铁矿,是趋磁细菌产生的化石磁小体;多畴磁铁矿多数具有微米尺寸,形状不规则,为碎屑成因;超顺磁磁铁矿粒径约为5~20nm,且含硅、铝等元素,可能为自生成因.研究结果表明,岩石磁学和透射电子显微学的综合应用可以更全面、准确地分析沉积物中磁性矿物的成分、含量、粒径和化学成分等信息,为环境磁学、生物地磁学和古地磁学研究提供依据.     

宁芜火山岩盆地及邻区上地壳电性结构研究

为了较全面、客观地认识宁芜矿集区上地壳电性结构,研究"玢岩铁矿"成矿规律与深部地球物理、地质结构的对应关系,为探索深部"第二找矿空间"提供物性参数,我们完成了6条宽频大地电磁测深剖面.通过分析各剖面电性成像结果,讨论了"长江断裂带"与矿集区成矿的关系,并且认为围岩、岩浆及其上侵通道是区内矿床的控矿因素.此外,结合姑山铁矿床的位置以及铁矿床成矿规律判断宁芜火山岩盆地南部低阻条带为矿集区姑山火山-岩浆旋回的岩浆(导矿)通道,而盆地东部邻区的倾斜"叠瓦状"电性特征说明该区在经历了印支期褶皱构造运动后发育了逆冲推覆构造.