基于Skyline的三维空间数据网络发布

三维场景中三维地形模型和建筑模型等结构复杂,纹理丰富,使得三维数据被称为"海量"数据库,给三维场景在IE浏览器中的的快速加载与显示增加了难度。本文在分析评价现今网络三维可视化方面使用较广泛的软件和技术模式的基础上,介绍Skyline系列软件关于提高三维数据的传输效率的关键技术,并针对此问题进行设计实验,对软件的实用性的进行分析和评估。     

ERORUN-STAFOR: A collaborative observatory for the multidisciplinary study of the critical zone processes in a tropical volcanic watershed including a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest

Tropical volcanic islands are biodiversity hotspots where the Critical Zone (CZ) still remains poorly studied. In such steep topographic environments associated with extreme climatic events (cyclones), deployment and maintenance of monitoring equipment is highly challenging. While a few Critical Zone Observatories (CZOS) are located in tropical volcanic regions, none of them includes a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) at the watershed scale. We present here the dataset of the first observatory from the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR) located in an insular tropical and volcanic context, integrating a ‘Tropical Montane Cloud Forest’: The ERORUN-STAFOR observatory. This collaborative observatory is located in the northern part of La Réunion island (Indian Ocean) within the 45.0 km² watershed of Rivière des Pluies (i.e., Rainfall river) which hosts the TMCF of Plaines des Fougères, one of the best preserved natural habitats in La Réunion Island. Since 2014, the ERORUN-STAFOR monitoring in collaboration with local partners collected a multidisciplinary dataset with a constant improvement of the instrumentation over time. At the watershed scale and in its vicinity, the ERORUN-STAFOR observatory includes 10 measurement stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream part of the watershed. The stations record a total of 48 different variables through continuous (sensors) or periodic (sampling) monitoring. The dataset consists of continuous time series variables related to (i) meteorology, including precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, net radiation, atmospheric pressure, cloud water flux, irradiance, leaf wetness and soil temperature, (ii) hydrology, including water level and temperature, discharge and electrical conductivity (EC) of stream, (iii) hydrogeology, including (ground)water level, water temperature and EC in two piezometers and one horizontally drilled groundwater gallery completed by soil moisture measurements under the canopy. The dataset is completed by periodic time series variables related to (iv) hydrogeochemistry, including field parameters and water analysis results. The periodic sampling survey provides chemical and isotopic compositions of rainfall, groundwater, and stream water at different locations of this watershed. The ERORUN-STAFOR monitoring dataset extends from 2014 to 2022 with an acquisition frequency from 10 min to hourly for the sensor variables and from weekly to monthly frequency for the sampling. Despite the frequent maintenance of the monitoring sites, several data gaps exist due to the remote location of some sites and instrument destruction by cyclones. Preliminary results show that the Rivière des Pluies watershed is characterized by high annual precipitation (>3000 mm y⁻¹) and a fast hydrologic response to precipitation (≈2 h basin lag time). The long-term evolution of the deep groundwater recharge is mainly driven by the occurrence of cyclone events with a seasonal groundwater response. The water chemical results support existing hydrogeological conceptual models suggesting a deep infiltration of the upstream infiltrated rainfall. The TMCF of Plaine des Fougères shows a high water storage capacity (>2000% for the Bryophytes) that makes this one a significant input of water to groundwater recharge which still needs to be quantified. This observatory is a unique research site in an insular volcanic tropical environment offering three windows of observation for the study of critical zone processes through upstream-midstream-downstream measurements sites. This high-resolution dataset is valuable to assess the response of volcanic tropical watersheds and aquifers at both event and long-term scales (i.e., global change). It will also provide insights in the hydrogeological conceptual model of volcanic islands, including the significant role of the TMCFs in the recharge processes as well as the watershed hydrosedimentary responses to extreme climatic events and their respective evolution under changing climatic conditions. All data sets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7983138 .     

"过程数字勘查技术"研究

煤炭地质勘查技术近年来有着长足的发展,但矿井突水、冲击地压、瓦斯突出等事故仍时有发生,反映了煤炭地质勘查技术存在着"瓶颈"。为此,结合云计算、AI、工业互联网等现代科学技术,以及国家提出的煤矿山地质保障2021初步形成、2025基本实现智能化的要求,提出了以"精细动态描述"为目标、以"过程"为对象的"过程数字勘查技术"概念,以及实施过程数字勘查的技术路径,包括"智能钻孔"、"智能勘查"、"智能勘查地质"、"矿山地质神经网络"、"智能矿山地质"。过程数字勘查技术可有效提升煤炭勘查和矿山开采的地质认识,为矿山超前预测、预报、安全生产等提供可靠的地质保障,为勘查地质和矿山地质向高度智能化、信息化、数字化、综合化和技术集约化发展创造条件,填补智能地质空白。     

准噶尔盆地东部中二叠统幔源热液沉积白云岩*

准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组,沉积于陆内裂谷背景下岩浆—热液活动强烈的咸化湖盆中。在芦草沟组中发现一类与湖底热液活动有关的幔源热液沉积白云岩,包括方沸钠长白云岩、硅质白云岩与含水铵长石钠长白云岩。作者对该类白云岩开展微米级尺度的岩相学研究,结合同位素地球化学研究,探讨成矿流体性质与详细成因机理。岩矿特征和同沉积变形构造指示白云岩形成于沉积期。白云石为有序性较差的原白云石,呈微米级球状、葡萄状晶体,与方沸石、水铵长石、钠长石及玉髓等热液矿物彼此镶嵌结晶,高温下发生了白云石对钠长石碎屑的交代作用;白云岩锶同位素(平均为0.705 687)显示成矿流体中幔源组分较多;白云岩具有重δ¹³ C_PDB (平均为6.94‰)和轻δ¹⁸ O_PDB (平均为-8.12‰)。基于成矿流体由幔源热液与湖水混合的假设,利用δ¹⁸ O_PDB计算估计,研究区白云岩的形成温度较普通云质岩高25~50 ℃。研究表明白云石为幔源热液喷出湖底后直接沉淀形成,并提出可能的成因模式。热液沉积白云岩是一种不可或缺的白云岩成因类型,研究成果对促进人们理解白云石的形成规律、推动完善成因岩石学理论具有重要意义。     

松嫩平原南缘现代沉积物磁化率、粒度、色度特征及古气候环境意义

深入了解松嫩平原第四纪古气候演化过程,对本区黑土退化的气候影响因素研究有重要理论意义。选择松嫩平原南缘大黑山地垒长春—四平段郭家（GJ）、湾沟（WG）、平安屯（PA）、腰分水岭旁（YP）、西地（XD）、胡家甸（H）、肖家（XJ）7个现代沉积剖面进行磁化率、粒度和色度分析。结果显示：各剖面沉积物磁化率多表现为干燥时期较大、湿润时期较小、寒冷阶段较大、温暖适宜阶段较小的特点。颜色对磁化率影响较大,不同颜色砂或砂质黏土的磁化率从大到小依次为红褐色→浅黄色或灰绿色→灰黑色。碳酸盐岩或灰岩物源的存在,使沉积物色度和磁化率之间的关系相对复杂。磁化率会随沉积物粒度增大而增大,冻融风化和降雨增多导致沉积物粒度增大,使磁化率升高;但温暖适宜时期,磁化率受物源供给量的减小而减小。磁化率、粒度和色度三指标综合反映出研究区早更新世寒冷干燥→中更新世冷湿—暖湿—冷湿→晚更新世寒冷较湿润的古气候环境演化过程。     

西藏错那洞穹窿同构造矽卡岩特征及相关铍钨锡稀有金属矿化的成矿时代

错那洞穹窿位于北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿带（NHGD）的东段,是近年来新发现的穹窿构造。穹窿由内向外依次由核部、滑脱系和盖层三部分组成,错那洞铍钨锡稀有金属矿化主要赋存在穹窿滑脱系的矽卡岩和矽卡岩化大理岩中,矿体产在含石榴子石十字石云母片岩中,与强烈变形的淡色花岗岩或伟晶岩密切相关,部分矽卡岩矿物呈定向排列,具强烈的剪切特征;淡色花岗岩与矽卡岩的接触关系部分呈渐变接触,部分呈突变关系,表明矽卡岩与该期岩浆关系密切,矽卡岩与淡色花岗岩属于同构造的产物。本次研究获得错那洞穹窿滑脱系含石榴子石十字石云母片岩中黑云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为（16.6±0.3）Ma,反等时线年龄为（16.7±0.3）Ma,该年龄代表第二期由南向北伸展构造变形时间,即藏南拆离系（STDS）在错那洞穹窿的活动时间;含白云母的矽卡岩化大理岩中白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为（16.9±0.2）Ma,与含石榴子石十字石云母片岩中黑云母Ar-Ar年龄一致,代表同构造矽卡岩的形成时间,也是错那洞铍钨锡稀有金属矿床的成矿时间。错那洞铍钨锡稀有金属矿床形成于由藏南拆离系强烈活动引起的伸展减薄构造背景,减压熔融形成的岩浆沿着构造通道上涌侵位,并与围岩交代反应形成同构造矽卡岩及其中的富铍钨锡矽卡岩型矿体。     

Assessing the applicability of conceptual hydrological models for design flood estimation in small-scale watersheds of northern China

Natural Hazards - The estimation of design flood is mainly focused on the peak flow and the volume, ignoring the underlying surface factor and flood rising and falling process. Three basic...     

Dynamic Plastic Analysis of Ship-Platform Collision

This paper studies intensively the problems of ship-platform collision.The ship and platformare treated as one structural system connected with spring elements and then motion equation of the colli-sion system is established.A nonlinear force-displacement relationship is derived for the simulation of lo-cal dent in a hit member and the yield surface of a dented tubular section is developed to consider the re-duction of load carrying capacity of hit members.Large deformations,plasticity and strain-hardening ofthe beam-column element are taken into account by combining the elastic large displacement analysis theo-ry with the plastic node method.The effect of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the platform,the rubberfender the property of the local dent and the buckling behavior of beam-column on collision are analyzed.The numerical simulation of the nonlinear dynamic response is carried out by Wilson θ method with updat-ed Newton-Raphson iteration.And the numerical example of the dynamic response of a offs     

西巩驿—李店断裂晚第四纪活动特征——及对1352年会宁7级地震发震构造的初步探讨

西巩驿—李店断裂为陇中盆地内部发育的一条活动断裂,断裂活动性的认识对评估陇中盆地内部地震危险性,以及深入理解印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的远程响应具有重要的科学意义。遥感解译和地震地质调查结果表明：(1)西巩驿—李店断裂位于陇中盆地中部,断裂长度约120 km、走向NWW、倾向NW、倾角75°～80°。(2)断裂活动的分段特征明显,断裂中部位于加里东期花岗岩隆起区,地表出露不明显,据此将断裂划分为东、西两段。(3)西段新活动现象明显,主要表现为线性陡崖、高约几米的陡坎地形、山梁和冲沟水系的左旋位错等;东段地表构造地貌人为改造严重且黄土区滑坡发育,断层断错晚第四纪的剖面出露较少,晚更新世有活动,性质为逆冲兼左旋,浅地表局部表现为视正断。(4)结合¹⁴C测年结果分析,初步认为西段存在全新世活动,且活动性质为逆冲兼左旋走滑,全新世以来的垂直滑动速率为0.342 mm/a±,晚更新世晚期以来的左旋滑动速率最大为1.60～1.67 mm/a。(5)西段在晚更新世晚期以来至少发生过两次地震事件,一次发生在(11 808～11 401) a B.P.之前;一次事件发生在(6 291～...     

西太平洋海鲶(Ariidae)主要种类与分布的研究

简述海鲶科鱼类研究概况,并结合作者的调查研究列出了西太平洋海鲶科鱼类的主要种及其检索表;又描绘各个种的地理分布区,通过分析比较认为印度—西太平洋是该科鱼类的分布区;中日海域是该区的一个分布边缘;最后讨论了有关于印度—西太平洋海鲶科鱼类的起源与分化问题。