Accelerating the T‐matrix approach to seismic full‐waveform inversion by domain decomposition

A seismic variant of the distorted Born iterative inversion method, which is commonly used in electromagnetic and acoustic (medical) imaging, has been recently developed on the basis of the T‐matrix approach of multiple scattering theory. The distorted Born iterative method is consistent with the Gauss–Newton method, but its implementation is different, and there are potentially significant computational advantages of using the T‐matrix approach in this context. It has been shown that the computational cost associated with the updating of the background medium Green functions after each iteration can be reduced via the use of various linearisation or quasi‐linearisation techniques. However, these techniques for reducing the computational cost may not work well in the presence of strong contrasts. To deal with this, we have now developed a domain decomposition method, which allows one to decompose the seismic velocity model into an arbitrary number of heterogeneous domains that can be treated separately and in parallel. The new domain decomposition method is based on the concept of a scattering‐path matrix, which is well known in solid‐state physics. If the seismic model consists of different domains that are well separated (e.g., different reservoirs within a sedimentary basin), then the scattering‐path matrix formulation can be used to derive approximations that are sufficiently accurate but far more speedy and much less memory demanding because they ignore the interaction between different domains. However, we show here that one can also use the scattering‐path matrix formulation to calculate the overall T‐matrix for a large model exactly without any approximations at a computational cost that is significantly smaller than the cost associated with an exact formal matrix inversion solution. This is because we have derived exact analytical results for the special case of two interacting domains and combined them with Strassen's formulas for fast recursive matrix inversion. To illustrate the fact that we have accelerated the T‐matrix approach to full‐waveform inversion by domain decomposition, we perform a series of numerical experiments based on synthetic data associated with a complex salt model and a simpler two‐dimensional model that can be naturally decomposed into separate upper and lower domains. If the domain decomposition method is combined with an additional layer of multi‐scale regularisation (based on spatial smoothing of the sensitivity matrix and the data residual vector along the receiver line) beyond standard sequential frequency inversion, then one apparently can also obtain stable inversion results in the absence of ultra‐low frequencies and reduced computation times.     

Changes in sand fractions of Binggou section and the expansion and contraction of the Tengger desert during 50–30 ka

Signs of the evolutionary process are well preserved in the aeolian deposits of desert margins and enable reconstruction of desert expansion and contraction. The sand content (percentage >63 µm) of loess in the loess–desert transitional zone was used as a proxy indicator for determining the proximity of the desert margin. According to the dominant wind direction, generally NW–SE in the northwest Chinese Loess Plateau, a transect was projected to observe spatial changes in sedimentological characteristics of aeolian deposits during the Last Glacial Period. The transect consists of 12 loess sections, starting at Shapotou in the transitional region between the Loess Plateau and the Tengger Desert and ending at Tianshui, which is located at the north foot of the Western Qinling Mountains in the southernmost part of the Loess Plateau. It shows the properties of temporal and spatial distribution of the Malan loess, with reduced sand content from northwest to southeast. A linear correlation model of sand content and distance was obtained, which was similar to the east of the Chinese Loess Plateau. According to this model, and on the basis of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from Binggou section, a detailed and quantificational expansion and contraction for the Tengger Desert was established. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

漯河市降水量与降水云系的关系

采用1956-2006年漯河市观测站资料，运用一元回归分析漯河市降水的气候变化特征，讨论了3类降水云系与降水量的关系，为科学实施人工增雨（雪）作业和提高天气预报水平提供参考。     

安徽省沙坪沟钼矿床蚀变及其分带特征

沙坪沟钼矿床蚀变类型有硅化、钠化、钾化、云英岩化、绢英岩化、黄铁绢英岩化、硬石膏化、萤石化等,与成矿有关的主要蚀变为硅化、钠化、云英岩化,黄铁绢英岩化发生在钼成矿之后;由下到上,由高温到低温将蚀变划分为三个带,即钾化、钠化、云英岩化综合带、绢英岩化带、黄铁绢英岩化带;工业矿体主要分布在钾化、钠化、云英岩化综合带中,绢英岩化带主要构成矿体顶板及分布部分低品位矿体,黄铁绢英岩化带主要分布于基本无矿体的地表及地下浅部。     

Difference of planktonic ciliate communities of the tropical West Pacific, the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean

Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.Planktonic ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,respectively.The abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three seas.The Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)size-class.Proportion of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West Pacific.Our result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats.     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区早白垩世恐龙动物群研究新进展

<正>1研究目的(Objective)内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区是中国早白垩世恐龙动物群研究的典型地区之一,20世纪80年代中后期以来,以中国—加拿大恐龙考察计划(Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project)项目为代表的科研队伍,相继在杭锦旗和鄂托克旗发现了龟类、离龙类、鳄形类、恐龙、鸟类和原始哺乳类等化石,但我们对该恐龙动物群面貌的认识仍存在很多不足。深入开展对这一地区恐龙动物群及其地层的系统调查,不仅有利于厘清该动     

历史有感地震目录编制原则方法的研究——以《中国历史有感地震目录》编制为例

在吸收历史地震研究、历史政区地理研究等多方面成果基础上,基于历史有感地震记载特点,探索了历史有感地震目录的编制原则,给出了地震日期、震中位置、震级的确定方法。以《中国地震历史资料汇编》等为依据,编制了公元前618年-公元1949年期间中国境内3≤M<443/4级历史有感地震目录9 121条。目录数量为中国同期文字记载的43/4级以上破坏性地震的7倍多,比全球其他国家或地区最早的同类目录早1 695年,约占全球同期M≤4.5级有感地震目录的2/3。     

虾夷马粪海胆黑嘴病的初步研究

对虾夷马粪海胆“黑嘴病”进行了初步的研究。经分离、纯化后鉴定黑嘴病的病原菌为坚强芽孢杆菌 (BacillusfirmusBredemannetWarner)。同时报道了该菌为革兰氏阳性杆菌 ,大小为(0.6～0.7)μm×(0.8～1.0)μm。可在1%～7%NaCl中生长 ,最适盐度2～3 ;最适pH为7～8;生长温度为8～26℃ ,最适生长温度为15℃。该菌对磺胺甲基异恶唑、复方新诺明和头孢噻肟等抗生素敏感 ,可用之治疗     

长江中下游及邻区基底地球化学分区及区域成矿远景预测

大范围系统的基础地球化学研究国内外均不多见,进行区域地球化学分区仍处在摸索阶段．在区域基础地球化学研究基础上,在长江中下游及邻区利用多元示踪元素（常量元素、高场强元素、基性元素、亲氧碱性元素、成矿元素及性质相似元素比值）和Ｐｂ,Ｎｄ同位素进行不同区域地壳、同一区域地壳内不同级次的地球化学分区,从而厘定了研究区区域地壳的边界,提供了区域远景预测的地球化学依据     

大别超高压变质过程中流体作用的微量元素效应及其地球化学意义

对大别地区角闪岩相－麻粒岩相和榴辉岩相岩石进行较系统的地球化学研究,探讨了超高压俯冲变质及折返过程中元素的再分配行为,并就其对变质过程中的部分熔融作用和流体交代作用的指示进行了分析。研究表明,大别榴辉岩原岩在其俯冲过程中发生了部分熔融作用,并在其早期脱水和后期退变质作用过程中与变质流体相之间产生了交换。脱水作用使榴辉岩Ｎｂ／Ｔａ比值升高,但后期的退变质作用使榴辉岩与其寄主围岩间的Ｎｂ／Ｔａ比值相对