黔西北一次暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析

利用常规气象资料、地面加密资料、物理量场以及卫星云图等资料,对2014年6月2-3日毕节市东南部暴雨天气过程进行分析.结果表明:①强降水与地面中尺度风速辐合有非常好的对应关系,强降水中心主要出现在地面中尺度风速辐合线附近,降水随地面中尺度风速辐合线北侧的偏北气流增强而加大.②假相当位温、比湿以及水汽通量散度的分布与对流系统的发生、发展有很好的一致性.③此次强降水不是云顶温度最低的地方,而是在地面中尺度风速辐合最明显、水汽输送最强的地方.     

2011—2012年近海北上热带气旋对山东半岛风雨影响的分析

通过对2011年5号热带风暴“米雷”、9号强热带风暴“梅花”和2012年15号台风“布拉万”共3个近海北上热带气旋的对比分析发现,这类热带气旋给山东半岛造成的影响表现出“先雨后风”的特点。在近海北上热带气旋的影响下,山东半岛的降水基本呈东西向阶梯型分布,同量级的雨带基本呈南北向分布,某地区降水的起止时间、降水量峰值和风速极值的出现时段与热带气旋距该地的距离有一定的对应关系。热带气旋中心位置越过30°N和到达距某地区最近距离的时间对该地降雨的起止时间、降雨峰值和风速极值出现的时段具有一定的指示意义。     

Markov CA,Multi Regression,and Multiple Decision Making for Modeling Historical Changes in Kirkuk City,Iraq

The cellular automata (CA) model is an important tool in land use change studies. Swift increases in population and long-term expectations of rapid urbanization have led to extensive land use change, and normal living conditions have affected the natural resources of the land. This paper highlights and analyzes the historical urban changes in Kirkuk City, Iraq, considering repeated changes undergone by the state such change as government infrastructures, wars, and economic blockade. In this paper, an integrated model, built-in multi regression model, and multi-criteria evaluation were considered to improve the representation of CA transition rules. Environmental and socioeconomic factors were used to produce Suitable Maps (SMs). These SMs were practicalities to create factor layers and weight usage, rating method process for variance expert decision-making groups, and geographic information systems for the periods 1984, 1990, 2000, and 2010. The roots of the equation (R²) values are compared and these values are chosen to produce a good model of suitable maps. The approach used in this study provides a mechanism for monitoring suitability maps in Kirkuk. Furthermore, the model Markov CA is implemented and evaluated. The results indicate that the model, its related concepts performs sufficiency     

A new model for the vibration isolation via pile rows consisting of infinite number of piles

In this study, on the basis of the Floquet transform method, a numerical model for the simulation of the vibration isolation via multiple periodic pile rows with infinite number of piles is established. By means of the fictitious pile method due to Muki and Sternberg, the second kind of Fredholm integral equations for the pile rows are developed by using the fundamental solutions for the half‐space and the compatibility conditions between the piles and half‐space. Employing the Floquet transform method, integral equations for the pile rows in the wavenumber domain are then derived. Solution of the integral equations yields the wavenumber domain solution for the pile rows. The space domain solution can then be retrieved by inversion of the Floquet transform. Numerical results show that the proposed model with the Floquet transform method is in a good agreement with those of the conventional direct superposition method. On the basis of the new model, influences of the spacing between neighboring piles, the Young's modulus of the piles, and the pile length on the vibration isolation effect of the pile rows are investigated. Numerical simulations conducted in this study show that compared with the direct superposition method, the efficiency of the proposed model for simulation of the vibration isolation via pile rows is very high. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震动力分析的经典方法与现代计算技术

回顾了体系地震动力分析的历史过程，并对地震动力分析的传统理论方法、近似方法和现代计算技术从新的角度加以阐述，同时给出体系地震动力分析的应用前景，以促进经典的传统理论方法、近似方法和现代计算技术的综合和在实际工程中的应用，形成系统而完整的地震动力分析体系。     

青藏高原500hpa暖性高压生成的热成风适应机制

本文利用热成风适应原理,采取分解分析法对青藏高原500hpa暖性高压的生成机制作了一些定性和定量的讨论。结果表明:在扰动的水平尺度大于热成风适应的特征尺度的条件下,当源地有明显的负值非热成风涡度出现时,流场将向温度场适应,而温度场由于高原的加热作用存在暖中心或暖脊,则适应的结果在高原大气500hpa形成暖性高压,并伴随高层辐合,低层辐散及下沉运动。     

用地基GPS资料分析大气可降水汽总量

利用“中国地壳运动监测网络”和三峡监测网的地基GPS资料，通过Bernese软件以及根据Bevis等和Rocken等水汽解算原理编制的水汽解算软件。获得了武汉、巴东、兴山、泸州等长江流域测站大气可降水汽总量分布和时间间隔为2小时的GPS遥感大气可降水汽序列，并与站点雨量及区域面雨量进行对比分析，结果表明：地基GPS遥感水汽量变化与地面降水有很好的相关性。而且GPS遥感水汽变化序列峰值对应于强降水提前了8～22小时。有助于强降水特别是突发性强降水的预测；多个站点的GPS遥感水汽总量联合分析，对于区域水汽总量变化研究有一定意义。     

Study on methods of land use dynamic monitoring at county level

Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1: 10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the key project of the National Ninth Five-year Plan (96-B02-01-07). Biography: LI Lin-yi (1968 —), female, a native of Jilin, Ph. D. candidate of Changchun Institute of Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes land use change monitoring and crop yield estimation using “3S” techniques.     

Sea-Level Change Over the China Sea and Its Vicinity Derived from 25-Year T/P Series Altimeter Data

The characteristics of sea-level change in the China Sea and its vicinity are studied by combining TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3 altimeter data. First, the sea-surface height is computed by using monthly data via collinear adjustment, regional selection, and crossover adjustment. The sea-level anomaly (SLA) from October 1992 to July 2017 is calculated based on the difference that is obtained by the value derived from the inverse distance weighting method to interpolate the CNES_CLS15 model value at a normal point. By analyzing the satellite data at the same time in orbit, three mean bias groups over the China Sea and its vicinity are obtained: the difference between T/P and Jason-1 is ??11.76 cm, the difference between Jason-1 and Jason-2 is 9.6 cm, and the difference between Jason-2 and Jason-3 is 2.42 cm. To establish an SLA series for 25 years in the study area, the SLAs are corrected. Mean rate of sea-level rise of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea of 4.87 mm/a, 2.68 mm/a, 2.88 mm/a, and 4.67 mm/a, respectively, is found by analyzing the series of SLAs.     

浑河断裂带地质灾害发育特征及其成因机制

浑河断裂带是辽宁抚顺地区最为重要的一条活动断裂。为了深入调查沿浑河断裂带地质灾害发育情况,了解灾害形成与先存断裂之间的关系,为同类型灾害的防治和预警提供科学依据。本文采用现场调查方法,结合地面变形监测资料,厘清了浑河断裂带灾害类型和发育规律,剖析了断裂带灾害的形成机理。研究结果表明：断裂隐伏区地裂缝发育,主要沿浑河断裂带分支断裂展布,裂缝延伸长度300～2 400 m;其成因是抚顺城区南部采矿活动诱发了先存软弱断裂面局部拉裂、张开,进而向地表扩展、贯通,形成地裂缝。在断裂延伸的基岩地区沿断裂破碎带及影响带发育小型滑坡,主滑方向与断裂走向垂直或大角度斜交;其形成机制与岩体内部发育的结构面有关,尤其是顺坡向优势结构面的发育,其与坡体耦合形成易滑结构体,在长期降雨作用下,结构面软化、贯通及岩土体加速蠕滑,最终形成滑坡。