Strong Seismic Activity of the Terskey Ala-Too Range Adyrs,Northern Tien Shan,in the Holocene from Radiocarbon Analysis Data

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—We studied historical and paleoseismic deformations in the southern Issyk-Kul depression—on the territory of adyrs (piedmonts) of the...     

A coupled high-resolution hydrodynamic and cellular automata-based evacuation route planning model for pedestrians in flooding scenarios

Flooding is now becoming one of the most frequent and widely distributed natural hazards, with significant losses to human lives and property around the world. Evacuation of pedestrians during flooding events is a crucial factor in flood risk management, in addition to saving people’s lives and increasing time for rescue. The key objective of this work is to propose a shortest evacuation path planning algorithm by considering the evacuable areas and human instability during floods. A shortest route optimization algorithm based on cellular automata is established while using diagonal distance calculation methods in heuristic search algorithms. The Morpeth flood event that occurred in 2008 in the UK is used as a case study, and a highly accurate and efficient 2D hydrodynamic model is adopted to discuss the flood characteristics in flood plains. Two flood hazard assessment approaches [i.e., empirical and mechanics-based and experimental calibrated (M&E)] are chosen to study human instability. A comprehensive analysis shows that extreme events are better identified with mechanics-based and experimental calibration methods than with an empirical method. The result of M&E is used as the initial condition for the Morpeth evacuation scenario. Evacuation path planning in Morpeth shows that this algorithm can realize shortest route planning with multiple starting points and ending points at the microscale. These findings are of significance for flood risk management and emergency evacuation research.

     

Spatiotemporal variation of flash floods in the Hengduan Mountains region affected by rainfall properties and land use

Natural Hazards - Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash floods is important for reasonable and accurate identification of high-risk regions and for prediction of future...     

Microcrystalline dolomite in a middle Permian volcanic lake: Insights on primary dolomite formation in a non-evaporitic environment

Lacustrine dolomite nucleation commonly occurs in modern and Neogene evaporitic alkaline lakes. As a result, ancient lacustrine microcrystalline dolomite has been conventionally interpreted to be formed in evaporitic environments. This study, however, suggests a non-evaporitic origin of dolomite precipitated in a volcanic–hydrothermal lake, where hydrothermal and volcanic processes interacted. The dolomite occurs in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Santanghu intracontinental rift basin, north-west China. Dolostones are composed mainly of nano-sized to micron-sized dolomite with a euhedral to subhedral shape and a low degree of cation ordering, and are interlaminated and intercalated with tuffaceous shale. Non-dolomite minerals, including quartz, alkaline feldspars, smectite and magnesite mix with the dolomite in various proportions. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.704528 to 0.705372, average = 0.705004) and δ²⁶Mg values (−0.89 to −0.24‰, average = −0.55‰) of dolostones are similar to those of mantle rocks, indicating that the precipitates mainly originated from fluids that migrated upward from the mantle and were subject to water–rock reactions at a great depth. The δ¹⁸O values (−3.1 to −22.7‰, average = −14.0‰) of the dolostones indicate hydrothermal influence. The trace and rare earth element concentrations suggest a saline, anoxic and volcanic–hydrothermally-influenced subaqueous environment. In this subaqueous environment of Lucaogou lake, locally high temperatures and a supply of abundant Mg²⁺ from a deep source induced by volcanic–hydrothermal activity formed favourable chemical conditions for direct precipitation of primary dolomite. This study's findings deepen the understanding of the origin and processes of lacustrine primary dolomite formation and provide an alternative possibility for environmental interpretations of ancient dolostones.     

An anionic biopolymer γ-polyglutamate enhanced the microbially induced carbonate precipitation for soil improvement: mechanical behaviors and underlying mechanism

The use of biopolymer to improve the performance of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)-treated sands is a novel and eco-friendly concept. This work found an anionic biopolymer, γ-polyglutamate (γ-PGA), could significantly improve the performance of MICP-treated sands. Comparing the control with absence of γ-PGA, the concentration of 0.1–9 g/L γ-PGA increased the compressive strength of MICP-treated sands by 1.54–3.96 times and significantly reduced the brittleness. The MICP process analysis and microstructural detection demonstrated that γ-PGA in the specimens provided many nucleation sites and templates for calcite generation, partially kept the bacterial urease activity by replacement of the bacteria as nucleation sites, thereby improving the calcite generation. The γ-PGA also cemented sand grains with calcite through the hydrogen bond-type intermolecular interactions. Both the calcite generation and the hydrogen bond-type intermolecular interactions by γ-PGA played vital roles in enhancing MICP for soil improvement. Additionally, γ-PGA, as a viscoelastic admixture between the crystals and sand grains, effectively dissipated the energy of stress and thus reduced the brittleness of MICP-treated sands. This is the first report on the application of anionic biopolymer to MICP technology. It provides a novel concept in promoting the efficiency and sustainability of MICP.

     

The impact of inter-industry R&D technology spillover on carbon emission in China

Based on input–output table to measure inter-industry R&D technology spillover, this paper introduces inter-industry R&D technology spillover into panel econometric model for carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions factor analysis. Using the panel data of 34 industrial sectors in China from 2005 to 2014, the results reveal that there is an inverted “U-shaped” nonlinear relationship between R&D technology spillover (intensity) and carbon emission; it is estimated that R&D technology spillover can reduce carbon emission currently; the indirect impact of R&D technology spillovers or spillovers intensity through R&D intensity on carbon emissions is also beneficial to carbon emission reduction; at last, this study suggests that industrial sectors should improve R&D intensity and strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation with other related sectors for the purpose of R&D technology spillover increase and CO₂ emissions reduction.     

多波束换能器吃水误差在分层计算的影响分析

针对传统多波束测深系统中对于换能器吃水改正中,存在误差影响下的声速剖面运用不当,并且未考虑声速分层影响,使得最终水深计算精度不高的问题。该文提出对多波束换能器吃水误差在水深分层计算中的影响进行探究,利用声速分层的计算方式结合吃水误差建立水深计算模型,设定不同吃水改正误差,得到观测偏差与吃水误差间的关系曲线并进行分析。实验表明:实际观测与理论观测深度的差值,受吃水误差的影响,增大速率随着吃水误差的增加会越来越快。     

南海西科1井上新世以来礁滩体系内部构成及其沉积模式

通过对西科1井薄片进行鉴定, 对上新世以来莺歌海组和乐东组礁滩沉积体系的古生物种类、岩石微相类型及成因相类型进行了系统剖析.研究表明: 乐东组造礁生物以珊瑚和红藻为主, 莺歌海组以红藻为主.附礁生物主要包括有孔虫、棘皮类和绿藻, 其中有孔虫为最重要的附礁生物, 绿藻只在乐东组的个别层段极发育.根据生物种类及含量、泥晶、亮晶及粒间孔含量的大小关系, 识别出10种岩石微相.在此基础上, 将礁滩体系划分为生物礁、生屑滩和泻湖3种成因相组合.生物礁包括礁基、礁核和礁盖3种成因相, 其中礁盖可见显著的溶蚀现象, 形成粒内溶孔、铸模孔等次生孔隙.在研究井段仅发育礁后滩, 靠近礁核的礁后内侧滩生屑及粒间孔含量高, 而泥晶少; 靠近泻湖的礁后外侧滩则情况相反.泻湖主要沉积大量灰泥, 生屑含量少.礁滩体系仅在海侵体系域和高位体系域发育, 各成因相之间具有相对固定的成因相垂向叠置关系.海侵体系域主要发育退积型成因相组合序列, 准层序以代表海泛面的泥晶含量较高的成因相结束; 高位体系域主要发育进积型成因相组合序列, 多以对应暴露面的礁盖结束.      

沈阳高铁站房便线两侧基坑的支护方案对比

文章研究了新建沈阳南站站房内高铁便线两侧基坑开挖问题。建立了有限元开挖模型,模拟分层开挖、分层支护后的高铁轨道底部的变形,结合理正深基坑支护结构设计软件,采用数值模拟软件计算,从高铁轨道下方的沉降量、基坑的稳定性、施工难度、工期方面对2种基坑支护方案做比较,最终确定方案一为基坑支护方案,为今后类似工程的设计、施工等提供一些参考。     

风沙活动对陆地生态系统影响研究进展

风沙活动及其物质输移运动是关键的陆地地表过程,对全球生态环境有显著的影响。归纳了风沙运动中养分的释放、搬运和沉降机制;总结了目前风沙运动中的物质及养分组成,养分流失与沉降对植物生长的影响、养分在植被群落中的分配和利用机理等方面的研究进展;揭示了大区域尺度上风沙运动与地表养分的释放和输移的关系及植被群落对风沙活动的响应;指出了风沙活动在陆地生态系统演化中扮演的角色。在已有研究的基础上,提出揭示风尘物质在远源陆地区域的沉降机制、风尘物质中有效养分的组成和含量、风尘物质养分的主要传输路径,建立风尘物质养分的源—汇模式,构建植被对风沙活动的响应过程,综合集成风沙活动与植被演化之间的动态关系等是未来主要研究方向的建议。