A two‐dimensional analytical solution for groundwater flow in a leaky confined aquifer system near open tidal water

Groundwater in coastal areas is commonly disturbed by tidal fluctuations. A two‐dimensional analytical solution is derived to describe the groundwater fluctuation in a leaky confined aquifer system near open tidal water under the assumption that the groundwater head in the confined aquifer fluctuates in response to sea tide whereas that of the overlying unconfined aquifer remains constant. The analytical solution presented here is an extension of the solution by Sun for two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer and the solution by Jiao and Tang for one‐dimensional groundwater flow in a leaky confined aquifer. The analytical solution is compared with a two‐dimensional finite difference solution. On the basis of the analytical solution, the groundwater head distribution in a leaky confined aquifer in response to tidal boundaries is examined and the influence of leakage on groundwater fluctuation is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical simulation for viscous debris flows passing through dams—a case study of the Wenchuan Yinxingping gully

Landslides - Check dams, which mitigate debris flow hazards, have been widely applied in mountainous areas. Usually, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of these mitigation works. With the...     

低空无人机倾斜摄影测量测图精度实证

为了研究倾斜摄影测量对测图精度的提高作用,以A、B两个测区为例,分别以双片和多片前方交会、竖直和倾斜影像为对比条件,建立立体模型与实景三维模型,并通过对模型和数字线划图中检查点的误差统计,对平面精度和高程精度进行对比分析。相比于基于双片前方交会生成的立体模型,基于多片前方交会生成的实景三维模型精度更高;在地形为高山地的A测区,平面和高程中误差均由分米级提高至厘米级,结合《数字航空摄影测量空中三角测量规范》可以达到1：500比例尺的成图标准。相比于竖直摄影测量,倾斜摄影测量的交会光线更多,因而其模型精度也更高;在地形为山地的B测区,高程精度可与平面精度相当,中误差均在5 cm以内,解决了航空摄影测量因影像采集方式而高程精度较差的难题,基于倾斜实景三维模型进行三维测图,数字线划图中等高线中误差满足《1：500 1：1 000 1：2 000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范》中对1：500比例尺的精度要求。     

A robust potential-based contact force solution approach for discontinuous deformation analysis of irregular convex polygonal block/particle systems

Acta Geotechnica - Contact interaction of two bodies can be modeled using the penalty function approach while its accuracy and robustness are directly associated with the geometry of contact...     

Mini SAR影像的定向参数计算方法分析

首先分析对比了国产小型IMU/GPS组合导航获取的小POS数据特点,因仪器精度有限引起的测量误差无法在成像过程中消除,相位误差导致了Mini SAR影像中部分目标成像出现方位向散焦、模糊,导致目标像点坐标出现误差。将传统定向参数计算方法用于Mini SAR单幅影像定位时,地面控制点数量、像点坐标、定向参数误差向量的限差、地形特征、DEM分辨率及POS数据精度等因素都会影响定位结果。当对定位精度要求不高时,多项式插值POS数据获取的天线相位中心的空间位置、速度比拟合更准确。     

Mixed biogenic and hydrothermal quartz in Permian lacustrine shale of Santanghu Basin,NW China: implications for penecontemporaneous transformation of silica minerals

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The cycling of various isomorphs of authigenic silica minerals is a complex and long-term process. A special type of composite quartz (Qc) grains in...     

Tidal Fluctuation Influenced Physicochemical Parameter Dynamics in Coastal Groundwater Mixing Zone

Tidal fluctuation could modify the physicochemical parameters in coastal groundwater mixing zone (CGMZ) notably, which in turn largely impacts on the reactive transport, discharge, and cycling of carbon, nutrients, trace metals, and other dissolved constituents. In this study, to capture the dynamic of groundwater physicochemical parameters (e.g., salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and oxidation/reduction potential) under the effect of tidal fluctuation, in situ measurement of groundwater is conducted along a 2D transection at different tidal stages. The results demonstrate visible periodic variations of parameters like salinity, temperature, DO, and pH, while the groundwater pH oscillation displays a phase lag behind the tidal fluctuation. Furthermore, the salinity variation at the near-surface area is mainly controlled by the mixing process between the infiltrated seawater and groundwater. Barring the mixing process, the groundwater temperature at the near-surface area is also affected by day and night air temperature difference. Meanwhile, the depleting DO and declining pH indicate that the biodegradation via aerobic respiration is highly active in CGMZ and acts as one of the major impact factors for the DO dynamic. The sharp contrast between the high removal rate of DO (7.25 mmol m^?3 day^?1) and relatively low production rate of H⁺ (9.38 μmol m^?3 day^?1) demonstrates the existence of the processes consuming H⁺ and DO besides aerobic respiration such as dissolution of carbonates, and respiration of microorganism and mangrove roots. Moreover, owing to the mixing process, the salinity transition zone overlaps with the oxidization/reduction potential transition zone. The enrichment of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ could well explain the highly reducing saline groundwater observed in this study. In a nutshell, all physicochemical parameters are sensitive to tidal fluctuation, which provides implication for further study on the variation of biogeochemical process in CGMZ.     

北极海域渔业资源开发现状及对策

随着全球变暖,北极海冰覆盖面积逐年减少。在全球海洋渔业资源衰退的大背景下,北极渔业资源的开发和合理利用备受世界各国关注,越来越多的国际组织和科学家开始对北极渔业进行探索研究。由于北极地区环境恶劣,海洋鱼类的种类和资源量相比其他地区较少,但随着北极海冰的融化,北极渔业资源开发和利用成为可能,北极潜在的未充分开发利用的渔业资源正吸引着有关国家的高度关注。为此,本文通过收集国内外相关文献,对北极渔业种类、资源状况及其开发现状进行了分析,同时提出了中国参与北极渔业资源开发和利用的对策与建议。     

气候变化对北极渔业资源的影响研究进展

近几十年来气候变化越发严峻,对北极渔业资源产生极大的影响。气候变化引发的海水升温、海平面上升和海冰缩减等改变,不仅直接影响北极渔业资源的种类习性及时空分布,而且通过对洋流、北极涛动、臭氧层等的影响间接地影响北极渔业资源的格局。气候变化对北极渔业资源的结构和数量有着不可逆转的影响,且影响范围广。本文通过对影响北极渔业资源的重大气候变化进行分析研究,找出气候变化影响北极渔业资源的主要因素,从而为应对气候变化,保护北极渔业资源提供基础,以便有效地、科学地并全面地确保北极渔业的可持续发展。     

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