结构-土-结构动力相互作用对结构系统频率的影响

采用间接边界元法,研究结构-土-结构动力相互作用对结构系统频率的影响。数值分析表明,与不考虑相邻结构的结果相比,结构-土-结构动力相互作用可能增大或减小结构的系统频率,SH波垂直入射时,影响程度达5%,SV波垂直入射时,影响程度达3%。随着结构间距离的增大,结构-土-结构动力相互作用对结构系统频率的影响程度并不单调下降,还与场地的动力特性和结构的动力特性有关。结构-土-结构动力相互作用对结构系统频率的影响可能对结构健康监测结果造成一定影响,值得注意。     

准噶尔盆地石南地区中侏罗统头屯河组沉积特征及演化*

目前,对准噶尔盆地石南地区中侏罗统头屯河组沉积相的认识存在较大分歧和争议。通过岩心观察和精细描述、薄片鉴定和测井曲线分析等方法,对石南地区头屯河组岩石类型、沉积构造和沉积序列等特征进行详细研究,同时结合区域沉积构造背景,认为石南地区头屯河组沉积环境属辫状河三角洲。头屯河组一段沉积时期,研究区发育辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体呈条带状展布;头屯河组二段沉积时期以辫状河三角洲前缘沉积为主,由于湖平面的下降,辫状河三角洲进积,靠近物源方向发育辫状河三角洲平原,辫状河三角洲前缘河道砂体叠置连片分布;头屯河组三段沉积时期湖平面快速上升,全区基本演化为滨浅湖相沉积。     

Eutrophication control decision making using EFDC model for Shenzhen Reservoir,China

The three-dimensional hydrodynamic and eutrophication model was implemented based on EFDC to help eutrophication control decision making of Shenzhen Reservoir. Model calibration and validation were conducted with two set of independent observed data in 2009 and 2010–2011. The model represented the hydrodynamic process and the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality well. Subsequently, three eutrophication control scenarios were configured, included removing 100% nutrients from all tributaries, increasing by 50% of water flows, and removing 50% nutrients from Dongjiang. As results shown, the maximum chlorophyll-a concentrations were decreased by 1, 16.4 and 46.3%, the average chlorophyll-a concentrations were decreased by 1.3, 29.8 and 29.9%. Increasing water flows and removing nutrients from Dongjiang can significantly improve water quality and effectively reduce risk of water bloom.     

Statistics for sample splitting for the calibration and validation of hydrological models

Hydrological models have been widely applied in flood forecasting, water resource management and other environmental sciences. Most hydrological models calibrate and validate parameters with available records. However, the first step of hydrological simulation is always to quantitatively and objectively split samples for use in calibration and validation. In this paper, we have proposed a framework to address this issue through a combination of a hierarchical scheme through trial and error method, for systematic testing of hydrological models, and hypothesis testing to check the statistical significance of goodness-of-fit indices. That is, the framework evaluates the performance of a hydrological model using sample splitting for calibration and validation, and assesses the statistical significance of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index (E_f), which is commonly used to assess the performance of hydrological models. The sample splitting scheme used is judged as acceptable if the E_f values exceed the threshold of hypothesis testing. According to the requirements of the hierarchical scheme for systematic testing of hydrological models, cross calibration and validation will help to increase the reliability of the splitting scheme, and reduce the effective range of sample sizes for both calibration and validation. It is illustrated that the threshold of E_f is dependent on the significance level, evaluation criteria (both regarded as the population), distribution type, and sample size. The performance rating of E_f is largely dependent on the evaluation criteria. Three types of distributions, which are based on an approximately standard normal distribution, a Chi square distribution, and a bootstrap method, are used to investigate their effects on the thresholds, with two commonly used significance levels. The highest threshold is from the bootstrap method, the middle one is from the approximately standard normal distribution, and the lowest is from the Chi square distribution. It was found that the smaller the sample size, the higher the threshold values are. Sample splitting was improved by providing more records. In addition, outliers with a large bias between the simulation and the observation can affect the sample values of E_f, and hence the output of the sample splitting scheme. Physical hydrology processes and the purpose of the model should be carefully considered when assessing outliers. The proposed framework in this paper cannot guarantee the best splitting scheme, but the results show the necessary conditions for splitting schemes to calibrate and validate hydrological models from a statistical point of view.     

A Study on the Seismic Velocity Changes before and after the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan Earthquake Using the Active Source Data in the Qilian Mountain

The Qilian Mountain active source network data was processed using the methods of stacking, cross-correlation and interpolation, and the airgun travel time variation characteristics of P and S waves around the January 21, 2016 M_S6.4 Menyua, Qinghai earthquake. The results show that about 6 months before the earthquake, the relative travel time of three stations near the epicenter showed a declined change (travel time decrease), and such a change of low value anomaly was recovered about 3 months before the earthquake. The travel time decrease then appeared again, and the earthquake occurred during the recovery process. The maximum decrease of the S-wave travel time was 18ms, and the change in travel time returned to normal after the earthquake. The variation trend of the 3 stations is consistent, including the S-wave travel time change of station ZDY38, which is nearest to the epicenter and changed obviously, and the variation range of the travel time is smaller at the stations afar. This variation pattern is related to the position of the seismic source. The shorter travel time means the velocity increase, which may be related to the regional stress accumulation.     

燃气管道地震紧急处置装置设计和示范应用

震后火灾是破坏性地震发生后城市面对的主要危害之一。对于城市中燃气管网,建立地震紧急处置系统尤为重要。在日本、美国和我国的台湾地区,均因城市天然气管网建立了紧急处置系统而取得了减轻地震次生火灾的实效。我国是多地震的国家,随着管道燃气的日益普及,地震紧急处置设施非常重要。本文采用美国Northridge2000小型地震燃气阀,结合所设计的一种燃气管道地震紧急处置装置,在昆明市区,分别用于4户民居小管径燃气管道和一个大管径燃气管道,开展燃气管道的地震紧急处置示范应用。进行的人工触发试验显示,紧急处置装置响应与预期的一致,但还需实际地震的检验。本文介绍了燃气管道地震紧急处置的设计和示范应用情况,并对我国开展相关工作需要解决的问题进行了讨论。     

2022年2—3月中国大陆地区MS≥4.0地震震源机制解测定

本文利用中国地震台网记录的宽频带波形资料,采用近震全波形反演方法得到2022年2月1日—3月31日发生在中国大陆地区的M_S≥4.0共20次地震的震源机制解。结果显示逆断型5次,走滑型14次,未知型1次。     

昌宁5.1级地震前潮汐形变短临异常识别

2015年10月30日19时26分39秒昌宁发生M_L 5.1地震,收集地震前90天云县地震台潮汐形变观测资料,利用倾斜固体潮Nakai拟合检验方法行处理与分析。结果发现,在该地震发生前2—3个月,云县地震台出现趋势异常和非潮汐形变地震短临异常。     

运用气象信息确定最优农业种植决策

根据益阳县农科所耕地面积、种植方式等资料，在运用线性规划原理优化农业种植决策的基础上，考虑气候资料和天气预报信息，运用运筹学单点图形法确定最优农业种植决策，可获得明显的经济效益。     

SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC MOTIONS IN THE BAROTROPIC FILTERED MODEL ATMOSPHERE

By expressing the stream function in terms of the symmetric and the antisymmetric components with respect to the equator,the barotropic vorticity equation can be separated into two equations,one describing the behaviours of the atmospheric symmetric motion,and the other those of the atmospheric antisymmetric motion.From them,for the entire global surface at the equivalent barotropic level,the conservations of several basic quantities,such as vorticity,angular momentum etc.in the symmetric and antisymmetric cases,have been discussed.In addition,the energy budget equations and the energy conservation expressions for the two kinds of motion are given.It can be seen from them that there are not only the conversion between the zonal mean kinetic energy and the disturbed kinetic energy in the atmosphere,but also the conversion between the kinetic energy generated by the symmetric and antisymmetric motions.In the case of including orography and horizontal diffusion into the vorticity equation,a mechanism of the generation of asymmetric behaviours of the atmosphere is proposed.The results show that the asymmetric distribution of orography and that of horizontal diffusion coefficients are likely the causes leading to the asymmetric motion.Finally,a theoretical comparison between the global model and the hemispheric one from the physical point of view is made.