Runoff separation and eco-hydrological function in the typical landscape zones combining hydrochemical and isotopic tracers: a review

The study on the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between ecosystem and hydrological process in a basin has recently become the international research frontier in hydrology.Runoff separation is still an important subject and possibly cutting edge process in hydrology.This paper summarizes the progress of national and international research,and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of recent,diverse base flow separation methods.This paper also presents research on hydrological process and eco-hydrological function in different landscape zones,combining isotopic technology with hydrochemical methods.Based on the runoff separation of different water bodies,this paper probes into the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between ecosystem pattern and eco-hydrological process,and makes analysis on water conservation,regulation and storage mechanism,and eco-hydrological function in different landscape zones.This report also examines future trends in research on hydrological process and eco-hydrological function in mountainous areas.     

对震后建筑物破坏和可用性分类标准参考的分析

简述了美日等6国专家编写组编写的震后结构破坏和可用性分类的方法及程序专题报告,对报告中分类法产生的思想、分类的依据以及编写城市抗震救灾规划的方法作了过去与现今对比的分析,希望能对汶川地震的重建工作提供一些参考价值。     

CNEM08一I电扰动仪的开发与研制

基于当代地震电磁扰动有关理论,地震临震前会引起地下电磁场发生变化,电磁扰动观测在地震监测预报工作中能够发挥较好的短临预报作用。本论文旨在开发研制基于地下交变电磁场数字化电扰动仪。CNEM08一I电扰动仪采用低功耗、高性能的工控机作为硬件平台,选取大容量存储器,对地下电磁场变化进行实时观测,连续数字化采集。编制了数据采集系统软件及与观测系统配套使用的分析系统软件,自动将采集数据通过网络传输到分析控制中心,同时对多个基站的观测数据进行显示、统计分析,可进行分段统计平均值、最大值、总量,可对异常进行统计分析。     

Diffraction of plane P waves by a canyon of arbitrary shape in poroelastic half-space （Ⅱ）： Numerical results and discussion

This paper investigates in detail the nature of diffraction of plane P waves around a canyon in poroelastic half-space, and studies the effects of incident frequency, drainage condition, porosity, etc, on the diffraction of waves. It is shown that the surface displacement amplitudes of the drained case are close to those of the undrained case, however, the surface displacement amplitudes of the dry case are very different from those of the saturated (either drained or undrained) cases. There are large phase...     

The strong ground motion observation for the Wenchuan aftershock

In this paper, the mobile strong ground motion observation for the destructive earthquake is introduced.Considering the characteristics and its spatial distributions of aftershock, 59 strong ground motion instruments were installed along the Longmenshan fault area, and more than 2 000 records have been accumulated.It shows that it is necessary to per-form the mobile strong ground motion observation after the destructive earthquake, and the precious collected data could be applied for further research.     

镜泊湖火山台网防雷地网的建设

镜泊湖火山台网位于崇山峻岭之中,经常遭到强雷电袭击。为了使台网设备稳定高效运转,减轻雷电地干扰,我们对台网的防雷设施进行了建设,取得了非常好的防雷效果。     

Analytical Design Curves to Maximize Pumping or Minimize Injection in Coastal Aquifers

Explicit algebraic equations are derived to determine approximate maximum pumping rates or minimum injection rates to limit sea water intrusion to a prespecified distance from the coastline. The equations are based on Strack's (1976) single-potential solution. The maximum pumping rates and minimum injection rates applied at wells with uniform spacing to control the inland movement of the fresh water-salt water interface in a coastal aquifer could be calculated from Strack's (1976) solution without the need of a numerical optimization algorithm. When wells are distributed in a simple fashion, the maximum intrusion location can be identified precisely for pumping cases and approximately for injection cases. For pumping cases, critical points are the limit of allowable salt water intrusion, whereas no such limit exists for injection cases. Once an application site is identified, a series of design curves for pumping and injection rates can be developed for arbitrary intrusion limits. When a user is interested only in the largest pumping rates associated with critical points, one design curve can yield complete information.     

鲁甸 MS6.5级地震强震动记录及震害分析

2014年8月3日发生的鲁甸地震是我国继2013年芦山地震之后的又一次破坏性浅源地震,造成了严重的人员伤亡和工程结构破坏.本文处理了我国数字强震动台网捕获的60余组主震三分量强震动记录,绘制了震中附近区域的峰值加速度等值线图,长轴沿西北-东南方向展布.通过与中国西部常用衰减关系的对比,发现各模型的预测值均不同程度高估了峰值加速度、峰值速度的观测值.最后以水平向峰值加速度较大的三个典型台站为例,详细调查了附近建筑的破坏情况,结合宏观烈度分布结果,分析了地震动特征与震害的相关性.     

沉积层地震观测噪声的对比试验

天津地区的地质构造条件复杂,其中大部分地区被新生代沉积物深度覆盖,地势以平原和洼地为主,北部有少量低山丘陵,平原约占93％.因此,天津市测震台网地震观测台站除蓟县台有基岩出露台外,其余台站均为井下地震观测.而井下地震计维修价格昂贵且不易维修,同时还面临着由于井下电缆损毁,地震计无法回收等问题.为此,天津市测震台网一直在寻找一种可替代现有井下观测的新方式,以应对深覆盖层地震观测存在的问题.本文通过地震观测,完成了一地多台基情况下台基噪声的对比试验,得到了很好的对比结果.该方法适合在其它类似天津这样沉积层较厚的地区推广使用,可达到简化地震计安装、降低设备维护成本和方便维护的目的.     

Characteristics and sedimentary processes of lamina-controlled sand-particle imbricate structure in deposits on Lingshan Island,Qingdao, China

Imbricate structure is a common sedimentary structure and is well developed in sandy sediments.Here,we report a laminacontrolled fine-sand-particle imbricate structure in a set of very fine grained sedimentary rocks(fine sandstone,siltstone,and mudstone)at the Dockyard and Qianceng Cliff areas of Lingshan Island,Qingdao,Shandong,China.Sets of up to 300 laminae are found in stratigraphic profiles in these areas.The laminae are generally less than 1 mm thick,with most being 0.3–0.4 mm thick and the thinnest being0.1 mm.The dip angle of the imbricate structure varies widely,between 0°and 90°,with an average dip angle of about 40°–50°,which is higher than that of imbricate riverbed gravels(about 34°).The dip angle is a function of the shape and sorting of the particles,as well as the hydrodynamic conditions under which these fine-grained sediments were deposited.Several profiles show well-developed multiscale,soft-sediment deformation structures.Flute casts,load casts,and groove casts are also common.Fragments of carbon remains occur widely and commonly constitute stringers several millimeters thick and up to 10 cm long,together with fine clasts.Vitrain lenticles are also common.Based on the imbricate structure of the Lingshan Island deposits,it is shown that in addition to paleocurrent analysis,the imbricate structure can be used to infer information about fluid properties,transport characteristics,and sedimentary processes of the depositional environment.A near-bottom underflow,either of authigenic origin or derived from cold river water in winter in a delta interdistributary bay or delta-front environment,is inferred to have provided the hydrodynamic setting in which this imbricate structure formed.The imbricate structure,together with other sedimentary structures and features,shows that the sedimentary rocks on Lingshan Island were deposited in an inland,shallow-water environment,such as a delta,and not in a deep-water or submarine continental-slope environment.