Removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution using cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB)-modified natural zeolites as adsorbents

Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZs) with different coverage types were prepared by loading cetylpyridinium bromide onto the surface of natural zeolites. The resulting SMNZs were characterized and used as adsorbents to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution. The monolayer and bilayer SMNZs were effective for removing BPA from aqueous solution. The BPA adsorption capacity for the monolayer SMNZ increased slightly with increasing pH from 4 to 9, but decreased significantly with increasing pH from 9 to 11. The BPA adsorption capacity for the bilayer SMNZ was relatively high at pH 9–10, but decreased with decreasing pH from 9 to 4 or increasing pH from 10 to 11. The equilibrium adsorption data of BPA on the monolayer and bilayer SMNZs under the experimental condition could be well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics of BPA on the monolayer and bilayer SMNZs followed a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption of BPA on the monolayer and bilayer SMNZs took place in three different stages: a fast external surface adsorption, a gradual adsorption controlled by both the external mass transfer and the intra-particle diffusion, and a final equilibrium stage. The adsorption of BPA on the monolayer and bilayer SMNZs is spontaneous and exothermic. The mechanisms for BPA adsorption onto the monolayer SMNZ at pH 4–11 include the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The mechanisms for BPA adsorption onto the bilayer SMNZ at pH 4–8 include the organic partitioning and hydrogen bonding. The mechanisms for BPA adsorption onto the bilayer SMNZ at pH 8–11 include the organic partitioning, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction.     

三江口东岩体岩石成因及产铀潜力分析

诸广山南体是中国重要的铀资源基地之一,复式岩体内与铀矿床关系密切的花岗岩均为S型,I型花岗岩一般无铀成 矿潜力。三江口岩体位于诸广山南体西部,与产有铀矿床的燕山期长江岩体相邻,岩性也与长江岩体相似。目前对三江口 岩体研究程度相对薄弱,缺乏高精度年代学研究,岩石成因类型也未明确。文章对三江口岩体东部（简称三江口东岩体） 进行U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,并与产铀的长江岩体进行对比。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为161.9±2.1 Ma,属于 燕山早期花岗岩。岩体富SiO2 （73.5%~76.1%）,贫FeOT （1.12%~3.25%）、MgO（0.07%~0.83%）、CaO（0.64%~1.27%）,具 高分异指数DI（86.4~93.6）,A/CNK值为1.00~1.35,属过铝-强过铝质花岗岩;微量元素Ba、Sr、Nb、Eu、Ti亏损,Rb、 Th、U富集,属于典型的低Ba、Sr花岗岩;稀土总量中等（ΣREE = 119×10-6 ~268×10-6）,稀土配分模式为右倾的轻稀土富 集型;(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.70789~0.71488,εNd(t )值较低（-10.8~-9.6）,两阶段Nd模式年龄为1.73~1.83 Ga。三江口东岩体与长 江岩体年龄相近,具有相似的岩石地球化学特征和同位素组成,均为S型花岗岩。结合两岩体形成年龄和区域构造背景, 认为其形成与华南燕山早期陆内伸展作用有关,是由华南基底麻源群泥质岩、砂质岩部分熔融形成,在成岩过程中有少量 幔源物质参与。通过与产铀的长江岩体对比研究认为,三江口东岩体具有较强的产铀潜力。     

基础地理信息跨尺度联动更新规则体系研究

系统介绍了基础地理信息跨尺度联动更新关键技术相关的规则体系,通过图层映射、几何对应、图面综合、要素取舍、关系协调等多套规则的有机结合,实现了变化更新信息的准确提取;同时开展了基于增量的要素编辑与自动化标注的约束性规则研究,并以1：1万DLG数据联动更新1：5万DLG数据为例,进行了跨尺度基础地理信息联动更新试验。     

浙东地区东园花岗岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

浙东地区岩浆岩广泛分布,受区域构造控制较明显,总体沿北东向余姚-丽水断裂带分布。本文对东园花岗岩体开展了详细的年代学和岩石地球化学研究。东园岩体主要由二长花岗岩、石英二长岩和少量花岗岩组成,主岩体二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为235.6±0.7 Ma(MSWD=0.97,2σ),花岗岩为238.1±0.8 Ma(MSWD=1.3,2σ),均属中三叠世产物。二长花岗岩和石英二长岩为准铝质-弱过铝质的钙碱性花岗岩,具高硅(62.94%~75.29%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=8.17%~9.34%)且富钾(K_2O=4.54%~5.63%)的特征,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有较强的Eu正异常(δEu=0.94~2.43),明显亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Ti,而相对富集Th、Hf,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb,相对贫Ba。岩体属高(-中等)分异I型花岗岩,岩浆来源于具弧属性的加厚地壳部分熔融,形成于同碰撞向后碰撞阶段转变的大地构造环境,可能与太平洋板块向华南板块俯冲作用事件有关。     

Experimental study on bar formation in a scouring process

Bars are widely thought to be large sediment bodies formed under sediment supply. Nevertheless, little has been known on how they form in sediment scouring processes. In this study, we carried out a flume experiment to study the formation of bars without sediment supply. The experiment was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the discharge was successively increased; in each discharge step, the disturbance from upstream and downstream boundaries had little influence on the flow. We observed that no bars formed in this stage. In the second stage, we kept a small discharge at the flume inlet. In this stage, the bars emerged from the fluctuated bed topography with millimeter-scale bed forms by headcut initiated from the outlet. As the headcut migrated upstream, the accompanying undercut gradually forced the unconfined flow run into the low-elevation zone, lowering the water level and inducing the outcrop of regions free from the incision (i.e., bars). At the end of the experiment, a relatively stable topography formed under the joint effect of the upstream migrating headcut, the following undercut after the headcut and the lateral erosion on the emerged bars. The requirements for the formation of bars and the distinctive characteristics of the bars induced by headcut were investigated. This study shows that bars can form in a scouring process under appropriate conditions, and the headcut may be one of the precipitating factors for the formation of bars in natural rivers.     

苏禄—苏拉威西海内孤立波动力参数时空变化特征

基于弱非线性理论及再分析同化数据,计算了苏禄—苏拉威西海冬季及夏季内孤立波动力参数,包括内孤立波线性速度、一阶和二阶非线性参数及线性色散参数,并研究了这些参数的时空变化特征。我们发现,虽然苏拉威西海域受到更加显著的西北太平洋水入侵,但苏禄海内孤立波动力参数的时空变化特征却比苏拉威西海更为显著。夏季苏禄海内孤立波线性速度总体上比冬季约大0.1m·s^–1;与此相反,夏季苏拉威西海内孤立波线性速度却比冬季约小0.05m·s^–1。无论是一阶或二阶非线性动力参数,其在苏拉威西海的时空变化均比较微弱,但在苏禄海则较为显著。苏禄海夏季一阶非线性动力参数比冬季高出约3×10^–3s^–1,但是夏季二阶非线性动力参数却比1月份低约3×10^–5m^–1·s^–1。此外,相比冬季,夏季苏禄海和苏拉威西海的色散动力参数均有所减弱,但其在苏禄海减弱的幅度更大。综上,苏禄—苏拉威西海环流引起的水体层化最大浮力频率所在深度的时空变化是造成上述内孤立波动力参数时空变化的根本...     

闪电河流域水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验

遥感试验是进行遥感原理的验证、遥感模型与反演方法的发展、遥感产品的真实性检验,推动卫星计划的论证实施及其观测在地球系统科学中应用的重要途径.闪电河流域水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验以滦河上游闪电河流域为核心试验区,以地球表层系统的水循环过程和能量平衡为研究对象,旨在通过天—空—地—体化的观测手段,针对不同典型地表类型开展...     

安哥拉红砂现场试坑浸水试验研究

为准确评价安哥拉红砂场地的自重湿陷特征,开展现场试坑浸水试验,对地表及不同深度地层变形、水分入渗规律和浸水前后标贯击数进行监测与研究,并对现场试验与室内试验结果差异性进行探讨。结果表明：浸水后红砂地基表现为持续抬升,变形曲线可分为陡升、缓升、不稳定和趋于稳定4个阶段;深度8 m以上红砂地层为湿陷沉降变形,累计沉降量为5.6 mm,远小于室内试验计算的自重湿陷沉降量137 mm;红砂竖向渗透速率和水平渗透速率均较大,浸水和停水后红砂含水率变化较快,红砂持水性较差,浸水过程中红砂地层的饱和度小于80%,为非饱和渗透;浸水后红砂地层标贯击数显著降低,具有显著的软化特性。红砂较大的渗透系数和较差的持水性导致红砂很难达到饱和状态,是自重湿陷沉降量实测值远小于计算值的因素之一,一般工程建设中建议可不考虑红砂地基的湿陷特性,而将其按软化特性进行设计。研究结果不仅可指导红砂场地未来工程建设,还可为其他砂土湿陷性评价提供借鉴。     

江苏地温水温场特征及地热异常分布规律与控制条件探讨

江苏地温分布的一般规律是：坳陷区地温高于隆起区，坳陷区中次级正向构造高于负向构造，隆起区中则相反，此外，地温随深度加大而增高，全省的第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ含水层中，共划盼出热水异常３５个，按平面分布的重叠性归并为２１个地热异常，其中大部分可归纳为个异常带，扬子准地台区是本省地热异常的主要分布区。     

一次雹灾天气过程的三体散射研究

利用自动气象站资料、CINRAD/CD多普勒雷达资料、实地冰雹调查资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，分析2020年一次呼和浩特市托克托县地区强冰雹事件发生时出现的三体散射与风暴云团三维结构、发展特征，结果表明：（1）C波段雷达较S波段雷达容易出现三体散射。（2）三体散射现象和55 dBZ或60 dBZ等强回波密切相关，尤其是60 dBZ强回波出现时，三体散射现象也随之出现。（3）从三体散射与冰雹云体积变化情况来看，60 dBZ冰雹云体积即使在50 km3以下也会出现三体散射。（4）在本个例中发现多重三体散射，其特征是在雷达径向上三体散射长度较长，为强回波距地高度的3~5倍，随着多重散射次数的增加，散射越来越弱，故多重三体散射强度沿着强回波径向上逐渐减弱。（5）三体散射现象首次出现后，开始出现冰雹,下沉气流使冰雹云回波顶高迅速下落，其中60 dBZ回波顶高下落最为明显，垂直厚度减少最为严重。大冰雹降落后60 dBZ回波底高迅速抬升,体积急剧减小,之后风暴云团回波顶高、体积进入平稳阶段。