尺度政治视角下的地缘能源安全评价方法及应用

通过引入政治地理学的尺度政治、国际关系学的安全理论和能源安全理论,考虑到能源争夺中的尺度转换、地缘环境中的地缘关系和地缘结构以及安全的三个属性等因素,重新构建了地缘能源安全评价模型,并基于此模型对1995-2010 年俄罗斯太平洋石油管道建设中的中国地缘石油能源安全进行了定量评价。结果表明：① 从时间上来看,中国在俄罗斯太平洋石油管道建设中的地缘石油安全指数不断攀升,中国在此石油能源尺度政治争夺中越来越处于不利地位,考虑到今后韩国、美国等国家的参与,竞争将更加激烈;② 从地缘关系上看,中日两国能源竞争指数趋于减少,但是两国从俄罗斯进口能源竞争加剧;③ 俄罗斯能源出口战略长期以来一直偏重欧洲,但是已经出现转向的趋势,其能源出口战略指数已显著下降;④ 中国石油消费的比重稳定和中俄之间友好关系在一定程度上缓解了中国地缘石油能源安全;⑤ 从地缘结构上来看,中国经济增长带动下的整体综合国力的增强,将会加剧东北亚地区的地缘石油竞争。     

测绘卫星的姿态控制技术

通过分析测绘卫星的姿态控制要求, 研究了卫星姿态控制所涉及的主要误差源, 提出了相应的解决措施, 针对测绘卫星的需求进行了姿态控制系统方案设计。     

河南省农作物虚拟水含量时空分异特征

在GIS技术的支持下,通过对1978—2013年河南省冬小麦、夏玉米、花生、棉花、油料作物、蔬菜6种主要农作物虚拟水量的计算与分析,探讨了其时空分异规律。河南省6种农作物单位质量虚拟水量在不断下降的趋势下有波动,2003年出现峰值,与当年大旱、所有农作物大面积减产有关;在农作物类型中,棉花单位质量虚拟水含量最高,多年平均值达到8 077.4 m3/t,蔬菜最低,多年平均值仅为159.95 m3/t。6种作物的虚拟水含量在空间分布上有明显差异,按其2013年的产量进行加权分析得到,第一等级区域为三门峡、郑州、信阳,第二等级为平顶山、洛阳、济源、开封,第三等级为南阳、驻马店、新乡、鹤壁、安阳、濮阳,第四等级为漯河,最低为许昌、周口、商丘、焦作。从整体看,西部、南部虚拟水含量高,而北部、东部虚拟水含量低。     

江苏县域经济要素关系及演化过程的分位数回归

针对经典回归模型的“两难问题”,引入非参数的分位数回归构建了要素关系模型,并以江苏县域经济为案例分析.结果表明:1)相比OLS回归,分位数回归对县域经济总体模拟效果和刻画演化特征能力更优;2)根据变量关系结构,将县域经济发展驱动机制划分为产业结构占优型、一般均衡驱动型和高效均衡驱动型;3)苏锡常各县市受因子波动影响而使得驱动机制发生改变导致演化过程的分位点跃迁,表现出发展路径选择具有多样化的特点.     

City size and employment dynamics in China: Evidence from recruitment website data

This article explored China's urban employment dynamics with particular focus on the city size effect.Big data derived from the largest recruitment website were used to ex-amine the direct and indirect impacts of city size on employment demand by using mediating and moderating models.We also investigated the roles of the government and location fac-tors which have seldom been considered in literature.Results showed that the concentration degree of new jobs is higher than that of stock employment and population across cities,implying a path dependency mechanism of job creation and employment expansion.Mean-while,numerous job posts in inland central cities are probably a symptom of more even dis-tribution of employment in future China.Econometric models further verified the significant correlation between city size and job creation.Moreover,industrial diversity,fixed asset in-vestment,and spatial location have heterogeneous effects on employment demand in cities of different sizes and different levels of administration.These results can not only deepen our understanding of the crucial role of city size in urban employment growth but also demon-strate the future trend of labor and population geography of China.Policy implications are then proposed for job creation in cities of China and other developing countries.     

全球生产网络与本土创新网络的战略耦合动态——以中国生物医药产业为例

构建显示性比较优势指数,分析"走出去"全球化下中国医药产业的国际竞争力;识别企业战略连接类型,分析"引进来"全球化下生物医药全球生产网络(GPN)与本土创新网络(IIN)间的战略耦合过程;运用超效率SBM模型,测度GPN-IIN战略耦合目标实现的达成效率,并从静、动态视角探究其时空变化的原因。发现:(1)中国医药产业通过转口、代加工进入北美市场的难度加大,东盟、金砖国家成为其重要的出口对象,与欧盟加强贸易有助于其形成高标准的自由贸易协定网络。(2) 2000—2006年,多数外商直接投资(FDI)企业形成"两头在外"的产业布局,在GPN中处于被俘虏地位,大多内资企业学习能力不足,处于IIN边缘。2007—2013年,部分FDI企业由GPN价值链末端向高端转移,部分内资企业由IIN边缘向核心转移,但转移过程中具有强松脚性。2014—2019年,GPN-IIN战略耦合克服上一阶段嵌入不足、松脚性等问题,两者间的关系通道日益增多和稳固。(3) GPN-IIN耦合绩效经历了"大分散、小集聚→简单结构孕育→局部结构构建→级联秩序分异"的演变,在此过程中技术进步对其促进效果最强,规模效率次之,纯技...     

Hydrodynamic change recorded by diatoms in sediments of Liuxihe Reservoir, southern China

Diatoms are used widely for paleolimnological studies in lakes, but their use for studying the environmental history of reservoirs has not been tested extensively. Reservoirs have hydrodynamic characteristics intermediate between those of rivers and lakes. This study assessed the utility of diatom assemblages as recorders of long-term changes in hydrodynamics and spatial gradients in Liuxihe Reservoir, an impoundment in southern China. Four sediment cores were collected in the reservoir, from the riverine, transition and lacustrine zones. Each core was sectioned at 2-cm intervals to investigate the stratigraphic distribution of accumulated diatoms. Varve counting was used to develop a chronology for one of the cores. The unique characteristics of Liuxihe Reservoir, including its large size, great depth, long narrow morphology and strong thermal stratification for 10 months of the year, limit secondary sedimentation processes and preserve the varves, enabling development of an accurate chronology. Damming profoundly altered the physical environment of the former river, especially in the lacustrine zone, where the change is clearly illustrated by diatoms in the sediment. Diatom abundance increased as a consequence of nutrient enrichment after construction of the dam in 1958, but later decreased as the new impoundment stabilized. After damming, relative abundance of Cyclotella increased along with a simultaneous decrease of Navicula and Achnanthes in the lacustrine zone, most significantly in 1963, when Cyclotella replaced Navicula as the dominant genus. This switch was indicative of a general shift from a lotic to a lentic habitat. A longitudinal gradient was apparent in the patterns of sedimentation and diatom accumulation at different sites in the reservoir, with diatom abundance highest in the transition zone. In the long term, water discharge from the reservoir showed a weak, but significant negative correlation with diatom abundance in the lacustrine zone (r = −0.320, P = 0.03). In summary, diatom assemblages in the Liuxihe Reservoir sediments recorded past changes in hydrodynamics, suggesting that paleolimnological study of some impoundments is feasible.     

Rock-magnetic proxies of climate change in the loess-palaeosol sequences of the western Loess Plateau of China

Results of the first detailed study of the climate proxy record in the loess-palaeosol sequence at Xining-one of the few palaeoclimate sites in the currently arid western Loess Plateau of China-illustrate the importance of making many types of rock-magnetic measurements other than susceptibility. A multiparameter approach yielded confirmation that here, as elsewhere in the Loess Plateau, the susceptibility enhancement in palaeosols was caused primarily by ultrafine magnetite and maghaemite. Nevertheless, magnetic enhancement was caused not exclusively by changes in relative grain size, but also by variations in concentration and mineralogy of the magnetic fraction.
The effects of concentration variations were removed through normalization of susceptibility and anhysteretic remanence with saturation magnetization and saturation remanence, respectively. the resulting signal was ascribed more confidently to variation in magnetic grain size, which in turn was interpreted as a better proxy of pedogenesis than simple susceptibility. Variations in magnetic mineralogy were also determined to constrain interpretations further. the data were then used to discuss climate history at Xining. Finally, results from Xining were compared with other western sites and contrasted with eastern sites.
In summary: (1) data is presented from a new Loess Plateau site which also appears to yield a global climate signal; (2) a demonstration is made of a more rock-magnetically robust way to separate concentration, composition and grain-size controls on susceptibility and other magnetic parameters; and (3) models are provided for inter-regional comparisons of palaeoclimate proxy records.     

Monotone Regression and Correction for Order Relation Deviations in Indicator Kriging

The indicator kriging (IK) is one of the most efficient nonparametric methods in geo-statistics. The order relation problem in the conditional cumulative distribution values obtained by IK is the most severe drawback of it. The correction of order relation deviations is an essential and important part of IK approach. A monotone regression was proposed as a new correction method which could minimize the deviation from original quintiles value, although, ensuring all order relations.     

Information-associated join indices for spatial range search

Abstract

Spatial join indices are join indices constructed for spatial objects. Similar to join indices in relational database systems, spatial join indices improve efficiency of spatial join operations. In this paper, a spatial-information-associated join indexing mechanism is developed to speed up spatial queries, especially, spatial range queries. Three distance-associated join index structures: basic, ring-structured and hierarchical, are developed and studied. Such join indexing structures can be further extended to include orientation information for flexible applications, which leads to zone-structured and other spatial-information-associated join indices. Our performance study and analysis show that spatial-information-associated join indices substantially improve the performance of spatial queries and that different structures are best suited for different applications.