利用MATLAB实现图像处理与分析

本文通过对图像的均衡操作、二值图像的处理、小波去噪等实例，介绍了MATLAB进行图像处理和分析的实用方法与技巧，它对各种软钉包、进行图像处理和分析等，提供了高效便捷的方法。     

Mapping Wetland Areas Using Landsat-Derived NDVI and LSWI: A Case Study of West Songnen Plain,Northeast China

Increasing interest in wetlands for environmental management requires an understanding of the location, spatial extent, and configuration of the resource. The National Wetlands Inventory is the most commonly used data source for this information. However, its accuracy is limited in some contexts, such as agricultural and forested wetlands. An large number of studies have mapped wetlands worldwide from the perspective of land use and land cover change. However, information on the actual wetland planting areas annually is limited, which greatly impacts ongoing research. In this case study of the West Songnen Plain, we developed a simple algorithm for the quick mapping of wetlands by utilizing their unique physical features, such as annual display of phenological land-cover change of exposed soils, shallow flooding water, and plants from multi-temporal Landsat images. Temporal variations of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) derived from Landsat images in 2010 for wetlands at different growth stages were analyzed. Results show that during the ante-tillering phase, the NDVI value (above zero) is lower than the LSWI value of paddies because of flooding of shallow water; during the reproductive and ripening phases, the NDVI value is higher than the LSWI value (above zero); and during the post-harvest wetland planting phase, the NDVI value is still higher than the LSWI value, but the LSWI value is negative. Wetland areas can be detected using one or two images in the optimum time window. The algorithm based on the difference of NDVI and LSWI values derived from Landsat images was used to extract the actual wetland planting area. Validated alongside statistical data, the algorithm showed high accuracy. Therefore, this algorithm highlights the unique features of wetlands and can help in mapping the actual wetland area annually on a regional scale. Results further indicate that the new method has a classification accuracy of 92 %. In comparison, two traditional methods based on Landsat-7/ETM registered accuracy rates of only 83 % and 87 % respectively.     

GIS支持下的小流域水土保持应用研究

以黄河水土保持生态工程邙山生态园区邙山小流域水土保持为例,基于GIS技术,采用高分辨率遥感卫星IKONOS和高精度1∶1万比例尺DEM数据源,对小流域土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤侵蚀等进行了分析,建立了一个初步的水土保持应用系统.实现了水土保持信息查询、水土保持系列制图、水文特征分析、土壤侵蚀量估算等功能,对推进空间信息技术在水土保持领域应用进行了有益的探索.     

地理空间情报技术与应用

地理空间情报是最近几年出现的一个新概念，比起一般的地理空间信息有更好的实时性，更高的精确性，更强的描述性和指导性。本文介绍了地理空间情报的概念，阐述了地理空间情报的技术基础，关键技术及发展趋势，分析了地理空间情报的应用现状。     

山西省基础地理信息数据库的技术研究

山西省基础地理信息数据库是山西省空间数据基础设施建设的重要组成部分,主要介绍数据库建设的技术方案和关键技术.     

空中扰动引力快速赋值算法的效能分析

系统研究了广域多项武算法和有限元算法在扰动引力快速赋值计算中的效能问题.首先分析了算法的基本原理和赋值计算过程,利用改进的扰动引力计算方法构建了准确的扰动场;然后对模拟航迹进行赋值实验,定量分析了赋值精度与运算速度.结果表明:在相同实验条件下,广域多项式方法更有优势;当空间单元为10 ′×10′×20 km(△(φ)午...     

苏通大桥南主塔墩特大型钢吊箱GPS-RTK测量监控技术

苏通大桥南主塔墩承台钢吊箱长117.35 m,宽51.7 m,高14.4 m,总重量达5 800t,是目前世界上体积及重量最大的桥梁钢吊箱,本文阐述了在钢吊箱的拼装、下放及就位三个关键施工环节中,以GPS RTK卫星定位技术为主要测量手段的钢吊箱施工测控技术.     

建筑物立面激光点云的定位

车载式近景目标3维测量系统,采用激光扫描仪获取建筑物立面点云。激光点云仅具有扫描仪坐标系下的坐标,不便于其他数据融合进行3维建模。文中根据系统的特点和要求,通过建立相应的坐标系,利用已有或优化的坐标转换模型确定坐标系之间的坐标转换关系。依据基准点与载体平台GPS接收机之间同步观测数据将激光点云在扫描仪坐标系下的坐标经过多次坐标转换,得到基准点所在当地坐标系下的坐标。使系统实现了满足精度要求的建筑物立面激光点云的定位工作。     

一种QoS保证的容错拓扑控制算法

提出了一种QoS保证的容错拓扑控制算法,该算法能够构建干扰最小的K连通拓扑结构,并使任意节点间的最短(最小跳数)路径的干扰最小。仿真结果表明,在保持相同强度抗毁能力的同时,新的算法降低了网络中的干扰,更好地改善了网络的传输性能。     

3Dsurs系统激光扫描点的理论精度评定

从理论上详细分析车载式城市信息采集与3维建模系统(3Dsurs系统)激光扫描点的误差来源,误差主要包括GPS接收机天线定位误差、车载平台姿态测量误差、坐标传递误差和扫描仪标定误差,利用误差传播定律严密推导系统的误差影响,分析并评定系统的理论精度。通过理论分析和大量试验计算表明:当车载系统距离扫描立面为50m左右,物方扫描点精度在10cm左右,而距离为100m左右,物方扫描点精度为20cm左右,该精度能够满足1:2000比例尺的测图要求。