邻近算法在微地震震源位置和一维速度模型同时反演中的应用

微地震事件的空间分布可以用来监测水力压裂过程中裂缝的发育情况.因此,震源定位是微震监测中重要的环节.震源定位依赖准确的速度模型,而震源位置和速度模型的耦合易导致线性迭代的同时反演方法陷入局部极小值.邻近算法作为一种非线性全局优化算法,能够最大程度地避免陷入局部最优解.本文将邻近算法应用于单井监测的微震定位和一维速度模型...     

A Simulation Study on the Evolution of Groundwater Circulation Systems in Cenozoic Basins of Northern China

Three Cenozoic basins-the Qaidam basin, the Weihe graben-type basin and the North China plain-which are different in climatic conditions, geological settings and run-off types, are selected for the study. Based on an analysis of background information of the transect along the middle-latitude region, studies of groundwater dynamics, geochemistry, simulation of water circulation of the main elements as well as isotopic chronology, the information on global changes is collected, the formation of groundwater circulation systems and their evolution under stacked impacts of natural conditions and human activities are discussed, and a correlation is made between the evolutionary features of the above systems in these basins since 25 ka B.P. All these have laid a good foundation for further generalizing the evolutionary model of land water in northern China.     

Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine

Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×10⁸ J^1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.     

西藏萨嘎地区布朵淡色花岗岩岩石化学、年代学研究及构造意义

西藏萨嘎地区布朵淡色花岗岩位于喜马拉雅造山带中,属北喜马拉雅造山带的花岗岩。本次研究的萨嘎布朵淡色花岗岩,具高SiO₂（72. 26% ~ 73. 05%）、富Al₂O₃（14. 61% ~ 14. 98%）、高K₂O（3. 65% ~ 4. 09%）和Na₂O（3. 47% ~ 3. 76%）、低P₂O₅（0. 09% ~ 0. 12%）的特征,K₂O／Na₂O = 1. 00 ~ 1. 08、A／CNK = 1. 18 ~ 1. 24,属高钾、过铝质钙碱性S型花岗岩。岩石微量元素变化较大,∑REE = 98. 87 × 10^-6 ~ 124. 51 × 10^-6、LREE／HREE = 11. 24 ~ 16. 12、Rb = 187 × 10^-6 ~ 234 × 10^-6、Sr = 311 × 10^-6 ~ 409 × 10^-6、LaN／YbN = 19. 96 ~ 40. 28、δEu = 0. 89 ~ 0. 99。 布朵淡色花岗岩结晶时间为16. 15 Ma,与区域上的其他的北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩结晶时间一致,均是形成于陆陆碰撞造山后的伸展背景,代表印度—欧亚大陆后碰撞期的产物,对喜马拉雅造山带的研究有一定的指导意义。     

气候系统预测:基础创新和集成应用

随着全球变暖,极端天气气候事件增强,天气气候灾害造成的损失也愈发严重。当前气候预测的准确性远远不能满足社会需要,气候系统预测理论和方法面临着众多挑战性问题。为提档气候预测科学水平和准确率,由南京信息工程大学和中山大学承担的“气候系统预测研究中心”获得国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目支持(2021年1月—2025年12月)。在该项目执行的前三年,项目团队开展了大量深入系统的研究,并取得了若干重要进展:1)揭示了气候系统的若干关键变化、驱动力和机制;2)剖析了海-陆-冰-气相互作用对我国重大极端气候事件的影响;3)在气候系统数值模式研发和预测系统集成方面取得重要进展;4)发展了延伸期-S2S-年代际的气候系统预测理论和方法。本文对这些进展作了扼要介绍,并针对气候与环境变化归因、古今气候环境研究融合、跨时空气候系统变异和极端气候、人工智能与气候科学、年代际预测和风险应对体系等关键科学问题做了展望。