基于数字岩心技术的陆相页岩油微观结构特征及主控因素--以松辽盆地白垩系青山口组一段泥页岩为例

数字岩心技术为大庆齐家-古龙地区青山口组一段的页岩油评价提供了可靠的基础数据,助力了松辽陆相盆地页岩油的勘探突破.针对泥页岩储层超低孔、超低渗的物性特征,综合利用微纳米CT、MAPS和QEMSCAN等数字岩心配套实验,对泥页岩储层岩石学特征、岩相类型、孔隙结构等进行了研究.将青山口组一段划分为5种岩相类型,分别为低有机质纹层状黏土质灰岩相、低有机质纹层状长英质灰岩相、中有机质纹层状长英质页岩相、中有机质夹层粉砂岩相、高有机质纹层状硅质页岩相.青山口组一段主要孔隙类型包括粒间孔、粒内孔和有机质孔.岩石相是青山口组一段孔隙、层理缝发育的主控因素.高有机质纹层状硅质页岩相储集空间主要由粒内孔和层理缝所构成,其孔隙-裂缝系统是青山口组一段页岩油甜点开发的重点层段.     

山东省塔埠头地区花岗伟晶岩稀土矿成矿时代特征及地球化学特征

笔者在野外调查和花岗伟晶岩带划分的基础上,通过对塔埠头稀土矿床岩相学、同位素年代学及地球化学的分析研究,确定了成岩、成矿年龄,探讨了成矿物质来源及花岗伟晶岩与稀土成矿的联系,建立了该矿床成因模式。元素地球化学特征显示,含稀土的花岗伟晶岩具有低硅、低碱、富铁过铝质特征,钾长-斜长花岗伟晶岩、钾长花岗伟晶岩和钾长花岗岩3类花岗伟晶岩均具有高硅高碱低铁过铝质的特征,轻重稀土元素分异较明显,亏损Ta、Ti、Nb、P等高场强元素,富集K、Rb等大离子亲石元素。LA ICP-MS同位素测年结果表明,含稀土花岗伟晶岩氟碳铈矿Th-Pb测年结果为（128.5±2.0）Ma、（134.4±1.2）Ma,指示稀土成矿发生在中生代白垩纪。     

近江牡蛎铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的稳定性

在从近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis)软体部分提纯得到纯度均一的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu,Zn-SOD)的基础上,对该酶的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,该酶的水溶液在65℃时活力稳定,而该酶的干品在1℃／min程序升温时在58．4摄氏度有一尖锐的吸热峰,在pH为5．2－10．0的范围内该酶的活力不受影响。该酶对H2O2和KCN均敏感,且能耐受Tsuchihashi氏试剂的作用。一些氧化剂,还原剂,变性剂可改变酶的活力,差示扫描量热分析（Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)发现,该酶在不同的升温速率下以及不同浓度的H2O2处理对酶的稳定性的影响与猪血,牛血SOD均有差异。     

晋陕交界涑水杂岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

涑水杂岩作为华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪变质基底杂岩的重要组成部分,以中条山地区出露最好且研究程度最高。在晋陕交界处的韩城和河津地区也有零星的古老变质基底杂岩出露,通常认为是中条山地区涑水杂岩的西延。用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法测得研究区内的基底岩石角闪斜长片麻岩、透辉斜长片麻岩和二长花岗片麻岩原岩的形成年龄分别为2260±28Ma、2053±34Ma和2098±27Ma,表明晋陕交界处涑水杂岩的形成年龄明显小于中条山地区的涑水杂岩,其形成时代主要应为古元古代早期,而非太古宙。锆石Hf同位素显示,所分析的锆石多数具有低εHf(t) 值,最低可达-6,其二阶段模式年龄为2630~2933Ma,表明这些形成于古元古代的岩石为太古宙岩石再循环的产物,暗示在晋陕交界处可能存在太古宙的古老地壳物质,同时也支持华北克拉通南部太古宙地块划分的推论。     

Water quality assessment of the Jinshui River (China) using multivariate statistical techniques

Multivariate statistical techniques have been widely utilized to assess water quality and evaluate aquatic ecosystem health. In this study, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and factor analysis techniques are applied to analyze the physical and chemical variables in order to evaluate water quality of the Jinshui River, a water source area for an interbasin water transfer project of China. Cluster analysis classifies 12 sampling sites with 22 variables into three clusters reflecting the geo-setting and different pollution levels. Discriminant analysis confirms the three clusters with nine discriminant variables including water temperature, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, turbidity, bicarbonate, and potassium. Factor analysis extracts five varifactors explaining 90.01% of the total variance and representing chemical component, oxide-related process, natural weathering and decomposition processes, nutrient process, and physical processes, respectively. The study demonstrates the capacity of multivariate statistical techniques for water quality assessment and pollution factors/sources identification for sustainable watershed management.     

云南兰坪-思茅盆地勐野井矿区钾石盐的特征及其沉积环境

本文运用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、透射电镜-能谱(TEM-EDS)和工业C T等方法,对云南江城勐野井钾盐矿床580m运输坑道地质剖面钾矿石的特征进行了研究。XRD和TEM-ESD结果给出,矿石中的盐类矿物主要是石盐、钾石盐、硬石膏和菱镁矿,钾石盐主要赋存在青灰色岩盐和灰绿色泥砾质岩盐中。CT结果表明,青灰色钾盐矿体中的石盐呈近似圆形和棱角分明的角砾,钾石盐沿石盐角砾的边缘呈条带状或不规则状分布,在条带状的内部可见钾石盐呈粒状或团块状分布,其中粒状钾石盐可能以八面体和立方体为主,而团块状钾石盐无特定晶形。钾石盐的这种分布特征表明,该盐类矿床在蒸发沉积过程中,早期沉积的石盐体呈遭受外力破坏,后期形成的钾石盐沿其裂隙沉积,表明钾石盐形成晚于石盐,且可能有多次沉积。     

乌干达苏库卢碳酸岩风化壳成矿元素地球化学评价指标

碳酸岩是一种特殊的火成岩,常与多种成因类型的矿床密切相关,故引起国内外学者的广泛关注。笔者以乌干达苏库卢碳酸岩风化壳为研究对象,选取区内典型剖面AB和钻孔ZK14(W),应用剖面地球化学异常和钻孔地球化学异常的方法总结了矿床的成矿规律和成因。笔者提出采用[w(Nb_2O_5)*w(REO)*w(TFe)*1000]/w(P_2O_5)累乘比值作为矿体剥蚀的判别指标(K_1),得出:强风化区K_1500,半、弱风化区500K_1100,碳酸岩原岩K_1100。同时,本文首次尝试为地球化学勘查理论适用于风化壳矿床提供勘查实例。     

安徽漳河河流生态系统服务价值评估

运用机会成本法、替代工程法、比例折算法等方法计算漳河生态系统的服务价值,包括水供给、休闲娱乐、水力发电、水产品的直接使用价值和储水、调蓄洪水、水质净化的间接使用价值。结果表明:2015年漳河南陵段生态服务价值中,直接生态服务价值为8.067亿元,间接生态服务价值约为12.491亿元。漳河生态系统价值评估中,储水价值最大,其次是调蓄洪水价值、水产品价值,说明漳河河流生态系统在调节洪水、减少和防御洪涝灾害、保护社会和经济发展等方面具有极其重要的作用。     

Glacier meltwater runoff process analysis using δD and δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O isotope and chemistry at the remote Laohugou glacier basin in western Qilian Mountains,China

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope has important implication on water and moisture transportation tracing research. Based on stable hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope using a Picarro L1102-i and water chemistry (e.g. major ions, pH, EC and TDS) measurement, this study discussed the temporal variation and characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope, chemistry (e.g. TDS, pH, EC, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and Cl^-) in various water bodies including glacier meltwater runoff, ice and snow, and precipitation at the Laohugou glacier basin during June 2012 to September 2013. Results showed that δD and δ¹⁸O in the meltwater runoff varied obviously with the temporal change from June to September, showing firstly increasing trend and then decreasing trend, with the highest values in July with high air temperature and strong glacier melting, which could indicate the temporal change of glacier melting process and extent. Variations of δD and δ¹⁸O in the runoff were similar with that of snow and ice on the glacier, and the values were also above the GMWL, which probably implied that the glacier runoff was mainly originated from glacier melting and precipitation supply. The glacier meltwater chemical type at the Laohugou glacier basin were mainly composed by Ca-Na-HCO₃-SO₄ and Ca-Mg-HCO₃-SO₄, which also varied evidently with the glacier melting process in summer. By analyzing the temporal change of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope and chemistry in the melting period, we find it is easy to separate the components of the snow and ice, atmospheric precipitation and melt-runoff in the river, which could reflect the change process of glacier melting during the melting period, and thus this work can contribute to the glacier runoff change study of large-scale region by stable isotope and geochemical method in future.     

A CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY ON SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

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